Dark field microscopy and bright field microscopy are contrasting techniques used in microscopy. Bacteria exhibit various shapes and arrangements, including cocci, bacilli, spirilla, and vibrios. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells differ in size, nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, cell division, and reproduction.
1. Dark field microscopy and bright field microscopy are two contrasting techniques used in microscopy to visualize specimens. In bright field microscopy, the specimen is illuminated directly, and the image formed is a result of the differences in absorption and scattering of light by the specimen. This technique provides a bright background with darkly stained specimens. In contrast, dark field microscopy involves illuminating the specimen with oblique or off-axis light, which causes the specimen to appear bright against a dark background. This technique enhances the visualization of transparent or unstained specimens, allowing for improved observation of details such as cellular structures, motility, and fine particles.
2. Bacteria exhibit various shapes and arrangements. The major bacterial shapes include cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), spirilla (spiral-shaped), and vibrios (comma-shaped). Cocci can further be classified as diplococci (pairs), streptococci (chains), staphylococci (clusters), or tetrads (groups of four). Bacilli can appear as single rods, chains (streptobacilli), or pairs (diplobacilli). Spiral-shaped bacteria can be further categorized as spirilla or spirochetes, with spirilla forming rigid helical shapes and spirochetes exhibiting a flexible, corkscrew-like appearance. Vibrios are curved rods resembling commas.
3. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells differ in several aspects:
a) Size: Eukaryotic cells are generally larger, ranging from 10 to 100 micrometers, while prokaryotic cells are typically smaller, ranging from 1 to 10 micrometers.
b) Nucleus: Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus enclosed within a nuclear membrane, containing linear DNA organized into chromosomes. In contrast, prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, and their DNA is present as a single circular molecule in the cytoplasm.
c) Membrane-bound organelles: Eukaryotic cells possess membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Prokaryotic cells lack these organelles.
d) Cell division: Eukaryotic cells undergo mitosis, a complex process involving spindle fibers and multiple stages. Prokaryotic cells divide through binary fission, a simpler process without spindle fibers.
e) Reproduction: Eukaryotic cells reproduce sexually or asexually, while prokaryotic cells reproduce exclusively through asexual reproduction, mainly by binary fission.
4. The cell wall and the cell membrane are two distinct structures found in many types of cells, including bacteria.
The cell wall is a rigid layer located outside the cell membrane. It provides structural support and protection to the cell, preventing it from bursting under osmotic pressure. The cell wall composition varies between organisms; for example, bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, while plant cells have cellulose. Fungi have a cell wall composed of chitin.
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help me help plssss its 8th grade
Answer:
it is not readen can you please take a picture again
what is projected to happen by 2050 , to some 200 to 600 million of the world poorest and most vulnerable people?.
Answer:
I don't what could happen in 2050
Explanation:
A person's debt-to-income ratio describes:
A. how much money a person can borrow from a bank at any given
time.
B. how frequently a person has to make payments on a significant
debt.
C. how much the person has borrowed compared to how much he or
she earns.
D. how often the person's credit score changes based on increasing
levels of debt.
Answer:
A. how much money a person can borrow from a bank at any given
time.
Explanation:
The debt-to-income (DTI) ratio measures the amount of income a person or organization generates in order to service a debt.
Am I skinny fat or just skinny
Answer:
fat
Explanation:
Answer:
You are skinny. When you are taller you will stretch out
chromosome 7 has a gene named foxp2. if this gene were spliced into non-human animals, would they be able to produce speech?
Chromosome 7 contains the gene FOXP2 which is involved in speech and language development. The FOXP2 gene is important in the development of certain parts of the brain that are necessary for speech and language. However, simply splicing the FOXP2 gene into non-human animals would not be sufficient for them to produce speech.
Speech and language are complex behaviors that involve a variety of factors including brain structure, neural connections, and muscle control. While the Chromosome 7 consisting FOXP2 gene is involved in some aspects of language development, it is not the only gene involved, and it cannot by itself give animals the ability to produce speech. Moreover, the human version of the FOXP2 gene differs from that of other animals in important ways. Mutations in the FOXP2 gene in humans have been associated with language disorders, and studies have shown that the gene plays a role in the development of certain brain regions involved in speech and language. Therefore, while splicing the FOXP2 gene into non-human animals might lead to some changes in brain development, it would not be sufficient to give them the ability to produce speech as seen in humans.
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functional sterility results when the sperm count per milliliter falls below which number?
Functional sterility results when the sperm count per milliliter falls below 20 million.
What is functional sterility?
Functional sterility is a condition that occurs in men when their sperm count per milliliter falls below a certain threshold. In men, a low sperm count is considered a problem if it is less than 15 million sperm per milliliter or 39 million sperm per ejaculate.
Functional sterility is also caused by a variety of other factors that contribute to a low sperm count. Hormonal imbalances, chronic illness, genetic defects, and some medications are examples of such factors. In some cases, radiation therapy and chemotherapy for cancer treatment may also result in functional sterility.
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explain why most enzymes perform poorly at low temperatures
Answer:
Due to Kinetic energy
Explanation:
At low temperatures enzymes are simply inactive. As temperature is increased the enzymes and substrate gain kinetic energy
Inside a human stomach, hydrochloric acid is important in digestion. Which reason best explains why the enzymes found in other parts
of the body would not function well in the stomach?
a. The temperature is too high
b. There is not enough water
C. The pH is too acidic
d. There are not enough substrates
Answer:
C. The pH is too acidic
Explanation:
Many acids and bases in living things are secreted to provide the proper pH for enzymes to work properly. Enzymes are biological catalysts, such as pepsin, which is needed to digest protein in the stomach and requires an acidic environment.
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Flatworms, ferns and humans are related, and they all undergo the same process to make their energy molecules. This process is ________
Answer:
Cellular respiration
Explanation:
Have a great day <3
Summarize the path of an oxygen molecule from the nose to the bloodstream the
Answer:
The oxygen molecule passes through the wall of the alveoli and enters inside tiny blood vessels called capillaries where exchange occurs. A protein called hemoglobin in the red blood cells then carries the oxygen around your body.
Explanation:
Question 2 1 pts The Cascade Range in the Pacific Northwest of North America occurs along a O divergent boundary where mid-ocean ridge volcanoes are active. O transform boundary known as a subduction zone. O continental volcanic arc formed by oceanic-continental convergence.
The Cascade Range in the Pacific Northwest of North America is an example of a continental volcanic arc formed by oceanic-continental convergence.
It extends from northern California to southern British Columbia, Canada, with a width of about 100 kilometers. The range includes some of the most dangerous volcanoes in the United States, including Mount St. Helens, Mount Rainier, and Mount Baker. The source of the magma that powers the volcanoes is the subduction of the Juan de Fuca Plate under the North American Plate.The Juan de Fuca Plate, a small plate that is part of the larger Pacific Plate, is being forced under the North American Plate along the Cascadia Subduction Zone, which is a type of transform boundary. As the oceanic crust of the Juan de Fuca Plate sinks into the mantle, it melts and forms magma.
This magma rises to the surface, where it creates a chain of stratovolcanoes that parallel the coast. The magma cools and solidifies to form the igneous rocks that make up the Cascade Range.
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Plz I need help I will give you 50 points
Answer:
what is the name of this website or the book
please tell me
Answer:
ok so lets elimnate we already have tips on how to save thanks to our teacher/classmates and even if we didnt we can look them up and there baiscly all the same thing so A is out. answer B is pretty good so we will wait to the end C is common sense i dont tink it would that because the teacher is giving us 2 months and u pay rent every 1 month so thats out so that leaves u with B and D. i personally i think its D but usally rent stays the same for each month unless the person who owns building charges u more which they tell you about
Explanation:
a). Founding: Identify the founder(s) of each religion (if there are any). What other names or titles are used for the founder(s)? What do these terms mean? Which religions have no known founder? In what geographic region did each begin? Identify when a religion begins within another religion.
b). Term: What is the origin of the name for each religion?
c). Texts and Scriptures: What comprises the literature for each religion (if there is any)? Who is attributed with the composition of each (if anyone)?
e) Ultimate Reality: What is the Ultimate Reality (or God) for each religion? How can each religion be classified (Example: monotheistic, polytheistic, etc.)?
a) Founding:
Identifying the founder(s) of each religion (if there are any). What other names or titles are used for the founder(s)? What do these terms mean? Which religions have no known founder? In what geographic region did each begin? Identify when a religion begins within another religion.
Hinduism doesn't have a specific founder. Many seers and sages contributed to the development of this religion. Buddha is considered the founder of Buddhism. Mohammed is the founder of Islam. Jesus Christ is the founder of Christianity.
Zoroaster is the founder of Zoroastrianism. The name “Prophet” is used to describe many religious leaders, such as Muhammad in Islam. The term “Enlightened One” is used to refer to the Buddha in Buddhism.
The Hinduism religion has no specific founder. Christianity emerged from the Jewish religion. Islam grew out of the teachings of Judaism and Christianity. Sikhism was established out of Hinduism. The Baha’i Faith grew out of Islam.
b) Term:
What is the origin of the name for each religion?
Hinduism gets its name from the river Sindhu. Buddhism derives its name from the word “Buddha,” which means “enlightened one.” Christianity is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ. Islam derives its name from the Arabic word “Salaam,” which means “Peace”. The word Sikhism comes from the word “Sikh,” which means “disciple.”
c) Texts and Scriptures:
What comprises the literature for each religion (if there is any)? Who is attributed with the composition of each (if anyone)?
The Bible is the main text of Christianity. The Qur’an is the main text of Islam. The Tripitaka is the primary text of Buddhism. The Guru Granth Sahib is the main text of Sikhism. Hinduism has a vast literature collection, with the Vedas, Upanishads, and the Bhagavad Gita being among the most important.
e) Ultimate Reality:
What is the Ultimate Reality (or God) for each religion? How can each religion be classified (Example: monotheistic, polytheistic, etc.)?
Buddhism doesn't have a god. Christianity is monotheistic, with God as its supreme being. Islam is monotheistic and believes in one God (Allah). Hinduism is pantheistic, meaning that everything is God. Sikhism believes in one God, and its followers should seek union with God.
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If you bottled water from a local stream, which portion of the stream's load would eventually settle out now that it is not moving? O A. Dissolved load OB. Bed load OC. Suspended load D
If you bottled water from a local stream, the portion of the stream's load that would eventually settle out now that it is not moving is the suspended load. As a result, if you bottled water from a local stream, the portion of the stream's load that would eventually settle out now that it is not moving is the suspended load. Hence, option C is correct.
Suspended load is a term used in geology to describe small particles that are suspended within a stream's moving water and are kept from settling to the stream's bed by turbulence and currents. These particles range in size from clay to large sand grains and are held up in the water column by eddies, currents, and turbulence, which makes them appear to be in suspension. Suspended load is a crucial component of a river or stream's total load, which is the total quantity of material that a river or stream moves downstream. When the water flow decreases, the suspended load sinks to the bed and is deposited. As a result, if you bottled water from a local stream, the portion of the stream's load that would eventually settle out now that it is not moving is the suspended load. Hence, option C is correct.
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Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the labor force participation rate?
a.
(number unemployed / labor force) x 100
b.
(number employed / adult population) x 100
c.
(not in the labor force / labor force) x 100
d.
(labor force /adult population) x 100
The correct formula for calculating the labor force participation rate is (labor force/adult population) x 100. Here option D is the correct answer.
The labor force participation rate measures the proportion of the adult population that is either employed or actively seeking employment. It is calculated by dividing the labor force by the adult population and then multiplying the result by 100 to express it as a percentage.
The labor force includes both the employed and the unemployed individuals who are actively seeking employment. The adult population refers to the total number of individuals of working age, typically defined as 16 years or older.
By using the formula (labor force/adult population) x 100, we can determine the labor force participation rate, which represents the percentage of the adult population that is actively engaged in the labor market.
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How many electrons fill each of the orbital levels in the diagram below?
PLEASE HELP ITS DUE IN 2 HOURS!!
9. A more dense material will cause the light to bend_______
10. A less dense material will cause the light to bend_______
11. The speed of light decreases with______
dense materials
12. The speed of light increases with______
dense material
Answer:
A more dense material will cause the light to bend more. (dense substances have a higher refractive index)
A less dense material will cause the light to bend less.
The speed of light decreases with more dense materials (the denser the material, the more slowly light travels through it.)
The speed of light increases with less dense materials.
Explanation:
What should I take single science biology, or all 3 (physics, biology, chemistry) for GCSE? Plez i don't know what to decide on... I am so stuck. I don't like blood and stuff related to the like. However, if I take A level biology I have a better chance of getting to uni and I like biology but I'm pretty much an air head. Can you give me any answers? Plz
Answer:
id say all
Explanation:
anaerobic respiration allows a cell to break down carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. identify how nad is used by animal cells during anaerobic respiration
During anaerobic respiration, animal cells use NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) in a process called fermentation. In the absence of oxygen, the cells rely on fermentation to generate energy from carbohydrates.
Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts carbohydrates, such as sugars or starches, into simpler compounds, typically in the absence of oxygen. It is carried out by microorganisms like yeast, bacteria, or fungi. During fermentation, these microorganisms break down the carbohydrates into various byproducts, including alcohol, acids, or gases. Fermentation plays a crucial role in various industries, including food and beverage production.
It is widely used in the production of alcoholic beverages, such as beer, wine, and spirits. It also contributes to the formation of flavors and textures in foods like bread, cheese, yogurt, and sauerkraut. Fermentation has been employed by humans for thousands of years and has significant cultural and historical importance. It not only enhances the preservation of food but also provides unique tastes and aromas.
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This Chapter 12 provides an enormity of information regarding the skeletal system and its abilities, support, functionality, and its limitations, based on the tissue structure contributing to specific and general anatomical areas. Since you are all college students and more than likely have busy and active lives, you may be involved in everything from sports, to physically demanding employment, to general physical actions in your daily lives. All while, you are able to carry out such activities, with the help of your skeletal-muscular system support!
Chapter 12 of Anatomy and Physiology provides an enormous amount of information regarding the skeletal system and its abilities, support, functionality, and limitations.
Tissue structure is the foundation of specific and general anatomical areas. College students are likely to have busy and active lives, participating in sports, physically demanding jobs, and daily physical activities. Thanks to the support of the skeletal-muscular system, they can carry out these activities effectively. The skeletal system provides the body with shape, support, and protection. It also assists in body movement and stores minerals such as calcium.
The musculoskeletal system is a combination of the skeletal and muscular systems, which work together to allow movement. Muscles are attached to bones by tendons, which are responsible for pulling the bones when they contract. The bones then act as levers to create movement. The skeletal system also has limitations, such as being unable to heal itself quickly. Despite this limitation, bones can repair themselves over time. Bones are made of living cells, which are continuously renewing themselves throughout an individual's life.
In conclusion, the musculoskeletal system is an essential part of the human body. It provides the body with support, protection, and the ability to move. Despite its limitations, the skeletal system can repair itself over time. Its contribution to the body's abilities, support, functionality, and limitations cannot be overstated.
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how to calculate the mass of sodium atom?
Answer:
22.989769
The relative atomic mass of sodium is calculated by dividing the atomic mass of sodium by the unified atomic mass unit, which is 1.66*10-27 kg. The number of 23 amu means that a normal, or stable, sodium atom weighs 23 unified atomic mass units.
Explanation:
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Someone please please help me with this !! I would really appreciate it
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Because you would have to have a high mobility to get food and take of without being hit.
7. Compare and contrast the way carbon is used in respiration and photosynthesis
.
8. How does carbon get into the ocean?
9. What is carbon used for when it is in the ocean?
THESE ARE MY LAST QUESTIONS IF YOU KNOW PLS GIVE ME THE ANSWERRRRRRRASSSSSS
T-T am baka
Which example best describes life in the Paleozoic Era?
O A. marine organisms are dominant; small organisms begin to move onto land
OB. first flowering plants appear on land; dinosaurs roam the Earth
OC flowering plants are the dominant plant life; humans convert open spaces to farm land
OD. only bacteria and algae are alive; Earth's atmosphere had very little oxygen
Answer:
your answer is A .. well I'm pretty sure it is..
When a atom gains or loses electrons , it has an electrical change. It is know as:
Answer:
please give me brainlist and follow
Explanation:
An atom that gains or loses an electron becomes an ion. If it gains a negative electron, it becomes a negative ion. If it loses an electron it becomes a positive ion (see page 10 for more on ions).
The government wants to set new regulations that prohibit chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) use in aerosol sprays and refrigerants. How will this act help with the sustainability of our environment?
Answer:
The new regulation will help reduce the amount of green house gases available in the atmosphere thereby saving our environment from the Green house effect
Explanation:
Chlorofluorocarbons are examples of greenhouse gases which contribute to the Green house effect been experienced in our environment, by destroying the earths' Ozone layer
If the Government sets a new regulation that prohibit its use in sprays and refrigerants it will help reduce the amount of green house gases available in the atmosphere thereby saving our environment from the Green house effect
Answer:
that act will help the sustainability of out environment because : C. It will slow down the degradation of the ozone layer
The usage of CFC will crate chlorine atoms that catalyze ozone degradation. By prohibiting this product, Government will slow down Ozone's degradation
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Trace the path that a red blood cell would take as it travels from the following capillary beds. Include all chambers, valves, and vessels. You may use arrows between structures.
1. Right pollex to left ankle
2. spleen to left lung
3. left kidney to right frontal lobe of brain
The red blood cell starts travelling from right pollex and ends its journey at right frontal lobe of brain.
The trace the path that a red blood cell would take as it travels from the following capillary beds are below:
1. Right pollex to left ankle
• The red blood cell first travels from the capillaries in the Right pollex and enters the venule.
• From the venule, it flows through the median cubital vein to the basilic vein.
• It enters the brachial vein and travels through the axillary vein and subclavian vein.
• From the subclavian vein, it enters the left brachiocephalic vein and travels through the superior vena cava.
• Finally, the blood cell enters the right atrium, passes through the right ventricle, the pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, and aorta, and reaches the left ankle.
2. spleen to left lung
• The red blood cell first travels from the capillaries in the spleen and enters the splenic vein.• It then enters the hepatic portal vein and travels to the liver.
• From the liver, it enters the inferior vena cava.
• Finally, the blood cell enters the right atrium, passes through the right ventricle, the pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, and aorta, and reaches the left lung.
3. left kidney to right frontal lobe of brain
• The red blood cell first travels from the capillaries in the left kidney and enters the renal vein.
• It then travels through the inferior vena cava to the right atrium.
• From there, the blood cell enters the right ventricle, the pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, and aorta.
• It then travels through the brachiocephalic artery, the right subclavian artery, the right common carotid artery, and the right internal carotid artery, and reaches the right frontal lobe of the brain.
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How does the structure of DNA allow copies to be made?
Answer:
It's a double helix that can be unzipped, copied, and then replicated
A doctor has diagnosed a patient with atherosclerosis. When listening to the blood flow through
might the disease diagnosis affect the sound being detected by the physician?
The blood flow sounds different because the blood is flowing through
vessels with a narrowing of the inner walls of coronary arteries due to
buildup of fatty materials.
The blood flow sounds different because there is a widening of inner walls
of blood vessels due to a high salt diet.
B)
The blood flow sounds different because the walls of the heart have been
stretched due to a heart attack
D
The blood flow sounds different because there is an increased circulation
to the heart.
Answer:
The blood flow sounds different because the blood is flowing through vessels with a narrowing of the inner walls of coronary arteries due to buildup of fatty materials.
Explanation: Atherosclerosis is characterized by cholesterol deposits in the walls of the arteries. This can be hereditary but is often impacted by increased fatty diets.
The disease diagnosis affect the sound being detected by the physician is when the blood flow sounds different. hence, the first option is correct.
Impact on the sound that being detected:Since the patient was diagnosed with atherosclerosis so here the flow of the blood should be sounded different since the blood is flowing via the vessels that have the narrow inner walls because of fatty materials.
Also, Atherosclerosis should be contributed by the cholesterol that is deposited into arteries walls.
hence, the first option is correct.
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In order for geothermal energy to be produced efficiently, the geology of the area needs high subsurface _______
A. Depth
B. Pressure
C. Salinity
D. Temperature
help me please help me help me help me help me help
Answer:
D. Temperature
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