15. Which phase of biotechnology product development often involves testing in live animals?
A. Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials

B. Phase 1 and Phase 2 trials

C. Phase 4 trials

D. Preclinical trials​

Answers

Answer 1

Preclinical studies involves the testing of live animals. The correct option is D.

What is biotechnology?

The use of biology to solve problems and the to create valuable goods is referred to as biotechnology. The most common method is genetic engineering, which allows scientists to manipulate an organism's DNA.

Clinical research, a part of biotechnology includes the following phases:

Preclinical studies.Phase 0.Phase I.Phase II.Phase III.Phase IV.

Testing live animals is a part of a preclinical trial that can involve certain vaccination, drug, medication, etc.

Thus, the correct option is D.

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Related Questions

The substance used to separate the proteins from the dna

Answers

DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid, which is insoluble in ethanol. In the process of centrifugation the addition of ethanol can aid to separate protein from its DNA.

What is centrifugation?

Centrifugation is a process of separating different molecules in a given sample that have different densities by rotating them in solution around an axis at high speed.

It is the frequently applied techniques in the molecular biology laboratory.

The addition of alcohol or ethanol to the sample followed by centrifugation can separate the proteins from its DNA.

Thus, the substance used to separate the proteins from the DNA is alcohol or ethanol.

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Make a claim about homologous structure help scientist interpret theory of evolution​

Answers

Homologous structures are structures that we find across different species. They have the same organisation (they have the same parts) but have different functions (they are used for different things).

homologous structures can be used to interpret evolution, because they show that different species share common features which must have been inherited from a common ancestor.

These structures have a different function because different species use these parts for different purposes. This supports evolution by supporting the claim that organisms adapt (change) in response to their environment.

Hope that helps, sorry if unclear

Fill in the blanks below with the correct word to complete the sentence.

Water is warmed by the sun and
evaporated
.
It is then cooled and
.
Finally, it is brought back to Earth in the form of

Answers

Answer:

# changes into water vapour

#condenses

#rain

Explanation:

As water vapor rises higher in the atmosphere, it begins to cool back down. When it is cool enough, the water vapor condenses and returns to liquid water. These water droplets eventually gather to form clouds and precipitation.

During the industrial revolution the population of peppered moths went from white to black in color this was because

Answers

Answer:

During the industrial revolution the population of peppered moths went from white to black in color this was because the trees the peppered moths lived on became darker. Thus, it became easier for predators to find white moths than it was to find black moths.

Explanation:

Due to the smog produced from the factories, nearby trees bark turned black. The darker colored moths could then blend in better than the lighter colored moths. The darker moths had higher rates of survival and passed the dark genes to their offspring. Through natural selection, the whole population of peppered moths became black.


A mixture is...


A) 2 or more different elements
joined together

B) An atom

C) Made up of one type of atom

D) 2 or more different elements
not chemically bonded together Parkanones SLP Open-minded Enquiring

Answers

Answer:

the answer is B correct me if I'm wrong!

Which of the following is NOT true concerning warm-up exercises? A. They should be low-intensity. B They should get progressively more intense. C. They should last 20 to 30 minutes. D. They should increase heart rate, breathing, and temperature. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. OA OB ○C OD​

Answers

The Answer is C 90% sure

(50 points) And Brainliest! Over many years of separation, imagine how the population could have changed.
Start by defining evolution and natural selection. Then include a description of a variation, its heritability, and the reproductive advantage it may provide.
WRITE AT LEAST 5 SENTENCES.

Answers

Evolution is a change in physical or psychological characteristics of a species over several generations. This change of characteristics is often brought upon by environmental distortion through the process of natural selection. A variation could include having different colors or for a bird wider Beak. In a dark environment those with darker colors would have an easier time surviving than those with lighter colors. In a forest where there are only hard seeds, a bird with a wider beak will have an easier time breaking those seeds than those who don’t. Those more advantageous traits will help those creatures survive better in their environment and pass on their genes unlike those don’t have useful or straight up disadvantageous traits will struggle to survive or just go extinct. Over a couple of generation only the with those useful traits will be left.

Here is an example let’s say that there were large amount of bears with black fur living in a deciduous forest environment. There are also a very small number of bears with white fur also living there. The black bears would have a clear advantage over the white bear when it comes to catching prey as they can camouflage and since they are bears if winter hits they go into hibernation so having white fur wouldn’t help as the whole point is to grow fat and go to sleep. Now let’s say an ice age happens, those bears who are out of hibernation have to deal with a cold environment all year long. Now that black fur that help those black bears thrive by Camouflage are now a clear give away but white bear can blend in perfectly with their environment allowing them to hunt. Over a few generations the majority of the bear population wouldn’t be black but white.

Question 5 of 10
Human epithelium contains a layer of cube-shaped cells. If the length, height,
and width of such a cell is 1 micrometer (um), what is the cell's ratio of
surface area to volume?

Answers

Answer:

The ratio is 6 to 1

Explanation:

1. a 6 sided cube of 1 mM has a volume of L * W* H (1*1*1=1) 1 mM.

2. a 6 sided cube has a surface area of one face surface area times 6 or (L * W) * 6 = 1mM * 1 mM * 6 = 6

so the ratio of surface to volume is 6/1.

The air that enters and leaves the lungs during one quiet, resting respiratory cycle is called the

B functional residual capacity.
D tidal volume.

Answers

I believe Tidal volume is the correct answer

which mammal didnt become extinct during the Cenoozoic era

Answers

Answer:

rodents and small horses

Drag each tile to the correct box.
order the steps through which atp synthesis occurs during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in plants.
hydrogen ions diffuse across
the thylakoid membrane into the
stroma through atp synthase.
1
atp synthase uses the energy
released as hydrogen ions move
from regions of high concentration
to regions of low concentration
to make atp
electrons move down the electron
transport chain releasing energy
lol

Answers

The correct order of steps through which ATP synthesis occurs during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in plants are given below:

Energy from the sun ejects electrons from chlorophyll and splits water molecules to yield hydrogen ions.Electrons move down the electron transport chain, releasing energy that pumps hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space.The concentration of hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space increases.Hydrogen ions diffuse across the thylakoid membrane into the stroma through ATP synthase.ATP synthase uses the energy released as hydrogen ions move from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration to make ATP.

What is Photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis may be defined as a reaction that utilizes the carbon dioxide present in the environment and makes foods (glucose) in plants in the presence of sunlight.

The other two options which are not given in the question are:

Energy from the sun ejects electrons from chlorophyll and splits water molecules to yield hydrogen ions.The concentration of hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space increases.

Therefore, it is well described above.

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In butterflies, black wings are dominant over yellow wings. Use the Punnett Square to determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes if you cross two heterozygous butterflies. Use the letter B for your alleles.

Answers

The genotypes are one BB, two Bb, and one bb and the phenotype is three black and one yellow wing butterfly.

What are the genotype and phenotypes of the offspring?

The genotype and phenotypes of the offspring are determined using a Punnett square as follows:

Let B be black wing and b be yellow wings.

The cross between two heterozygous butterflies is:

Bb × Bb = BB, Bb,Bb, bb

Black is dominant over yellow wings.

Therefore, the genotypes are one BB, two Bb, and one bb and the phenotype is three black and one yellow wing butterfly.

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Evaluate the information in order to construct an argument about the removal of the Conowingo Dam as a solution to address the American Eel
population issue. Your argument should:
• Clearly state your position - either in favor of removing the dam or opposed to its removal as a solution to the problem
• Include evidence-specific environmental, social, and economic costs and benefits related to your position
• Use scientific reasoning to explain how the costs and benefits you have selected support your position.

Answers

Conowingo Dam eliminated the access of the American Eel population to 450 miles of the riverine habitat, thereby the removal of this dam might be beneficial for the species.

What is Conowingo Dam?

The Conowingo Dam refers to one of the largest hydroelectric energy plants in the USA (Conowingo city, Maryland).

The American Eel can eat different animals in the riverine habitat such as small fish, crustaceans, shrimp, etc.

In conclusion, Conowingo Dam eliminated the access of the American Eel population to 450 miles of the riverine habitat, thereby the removal of this dam might be beneficial for the species.

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Groups of specialized cells working together are called.

Answers

It is called tissue.

90 POINTS! PLEASE HURRY! Analyze this graph and fill in the blanks with the correct response.

Answers

1. 200
2. 300
3.200
You’re welcome

If the chordae tendineae in the right side of the heart were damaged, it might cause blood to leak into the:

Answers

Answer:

Right Atrium

Explanation:

Chordae tendinae are located in the ventricles of the heart.  Their function is to prevent the valves between the ventricles and atria from opening the wrong way.  Damage to them would cause the valve flaps to open during ventricular systole, sending blood back into the atria.

Explain what is happening in this photo in terms of kinetic energy and potential energy.
Include the energy conversions that occur when the penguins eat fish and climb back up
on the glacier. Describe the role of ATP and enzymes in the underlying molecular
processes, including what happens to the free energy of some of the molecules involved

Answers

The photo is NOT found here but kinetic energy increase with movement, whereas potential energy is associated with the storage of energy.

What is kinetic energy?

Kinetic energy is a type of motion energy, in this case, associated with cellular work (use of ATP).

ATP is the energy coin of the cell, which stores energy (potential energy) in its phosphate bonds.

In conclusion, the photo is NOT found here but kinetic energy increase with movement, whereas potential energy is associated with the storage of energy.

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Nearsightedness is dominant to normal vision and hazel eyes are dominant to blue eyes. A nearsighted woman with hazel eyes who is heterozygous for both traitsmarries a man with normal vision and hazel eyes. His genotype for eye color is the same as his wife's. Their three children all have blue eyes and normal vision. What is the probability that their next child will have blue eyes and be nearsighted

Answers

In this case we will deal with genetics and use the genes to know the probability of the child being born with blue eyes, in this case it will be 1/4.

What is genetic probability?

Probability serves to mathematically estimate the possibility of events that happen by chance, that is, as a matter of luck. It can be defined by the following formula:

P is the probability that an event will occurA is the number of desired eventsS is the total number of possible events.

In this case,

the gemetes from the mother will be NH, Nh, nH and nhthe gametes from the father will be nH and nh

Based on the parent genotypes a child with nearsight and blue eyes will have the genotype Nnhh. This will be:

1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4

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When humidity is high Group of answer choices transpiration rates decrease. transpiration rates increase. transpiration ceases altogether. leaves absorb moisture from the air. stomata open wider.

Answers

Answer:

A) Transpiration rates decrease

1. which phrase describes how biological chemicals provide evidence to support that life changes over time?

a) some animals exhibit similar structures, possibly due to a common ancestor

b) some animals exhibit similar stages of embryonic development

c) some animals exhibit similar proteins

d) some animals exhibit structures that are no longer used for any purpose


2. which phrase describes how homologous structures provide evidence to support that life changes over time?

a) some animals exhibit structures that are no longer used for any purpose

b) some animals exhibit similar stages of embryonic development

c) some animals exhibit similar structures, possibly due to a common ancestor

d) some fossils exhibit similar biological proteins

Answers

The statements 'animals exhibit similar proteins' (Option C, question 1) and 'exhibit similar structures due to a common ancestor' (Option C, question 2) support life changes over time.

What is evolution?

Evolution refers to descendence with modification, which means that proteins are similar in related species.

Protein building blocks (amino acids) can also change over evolutionary time due to descendence with modification.

In conclusion, the statements 'animals exhibit similar proteins' and 'exhibit similar structures due to a common ancestor' support life changes over time.

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A cross was performed, and the offspring shown
to the right were produced. What is the most likely
genotype for the parents?
OBbee x bbEE
OBbEEx Bbee
OBbEex BbEe
BBEE x bbee
DONE
10 mice with
black fur, black eyes
3 mice with
white fur, black eyes
2 mice with
black fur, red eyes
1 mouse with
white fur, red eyes

Answers

The most likely genotypes for the parents are BbEe × BbEe. Thus, the correct option is C.

What is Genotype?

A genotype may be defined as the ultimate combination of alleles of those genes which are selected for specific studies.

If a cross between BbEe × BbEe is made, the resulted offsprings are described in the Punnett square given below:

Therefore, the most likely genotypes for the parents are BbEe × BbEe. Thus, the correct option is C.

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PLEASE HELP IM STUCK

Answers

Answer:

C. The Benthic Zone

Explanation:

It is home to lots of species of animals in the zone  

Hope This Helped

what is this frog called

Answers

Answer:

Its called a Morelet's tree frog

I hope this helps! <(^,^)>

Answer: Morelet's tree frog

Explanation:

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy negatively impacts development of the fetus because

Answers

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy negatively impacts the fetus because it increases the risk of having a miscarriage and premature birth (& baby having a low birthweight)
Drinking during pregnancy can also cause foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) after birth

(Hope this helped?)

Which statement about DNA replication is true?

Answers

Explanation:

So, the correct answer is 'DNA replication begins at the promoter'.

What happens to the products of the Krebs cycle? (Answer options are in photo)

Answers

Answer:

A. 1st one (Most Becomes Reactants in the electron transport chain

Explanation:

drive the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

Hope This Helped

When one DNA molecule is copied to make two new DNA molecules, the resulting DNA molecules contain A) none of the parent DNA. B) 50% of the parent DNA. C) 75% of the parent DNA. D) 100% of the parent DNA

Answers

Answer:

50% of the parents DNA

Explanation:

This is because the new DNA molecule contains a parent strand and a new daughter strand. The parent strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new strand reason why DNA replication is said to be a semi-conservative process.

Name three signs that the climate changing

Answers

Explanation:

The three signs that the climate changing are :---

•Higher Temperatures.

•More Droughts.

•Wilder Weather.

nitrogen cycle in steps

Answers

“Nitrogen Cycle is a biogeochemical process which transforms the inert nitrogen present in the atmosphere to a more usable form for living organisms.”

Process of the Nitrogen Cycle consists of the following steps –

Nitrogen fixation, Nitrification, Assimilation, Ammonification and Denitrification.

Nitrogen Fixation Process

It is the initial step of the nitrogen cycle. Here, Atmospheric nitrogen (N2) which is primarily available in an inert form, is converted into the usable form -ammonia (NH3).

Nitrification

In this process, the ammonia is converted into nitrate by the presence of bacteria in the soil. Nitrites are formed by the oxidation of ammonia with the help of Nitrosomonas bacteria species. Later, the produced nitrites are converted into nitrates by Nitrobacter. This conversion is very important as ammonia gas is toxic for plants.

Assimilation

Primary producers – plants take in the nitrogen compounds from the soil with the help of their roots, which are available in the form of ammonia, nitrite ions, nitrate ions or ammonium ions and are used in the formation of the plant and animal proteins. This way, it enters the food web when the primary consumers eat the plants.

Ammonification

When plants or animals die, the nitrogen present in the organic matter is released back into the soil. The decomposers, namely bacteria or fungi present in the soil, convert the organic matter back into ammonium.

Denitrification

Denitrification is the process in which the nitrogen compounds make their way back into the atmosphere by converting nitrate (NO3-) into gaseous nitrogen (N). This process of the nitrogen cycle is the final stage and occurs in the absence of oxygen. Denitrification is carried out by the denitrifying bacterial species- Clostridium and Pseudomonas, which will process nitrate to gain oxygen and gives out free nitrogen gas as a byproduct.

This system controls everything you do:

Answers

Answer:

The Nervous system

Explanation:

The Nervous system controls complex processes like movement, thought, and memory. It also plays an essential role in the things your body does without thinking, such as breathing, blushing, and blinking.

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