A ball of mass 2 kg is moving with a velocity of 12m/s collides with a stationary ball of mass 6 kg and comes to rest. Calculate velocity of ball of mass 6kg after collision.

The significance of a intersection of the red and green curves (B). Consumption becomes greater than supply is the correct option.

The context in which two curves are being studied determines the importance of their junction, regardless of whether they are red and green or any other colour. Here are a few potential meanings:

The intersection point represents the solution or point of similarity between the two functions, if the red and green curves represent mathematical functions or equations. Or, to put it another way, the variables or parameters that make the two functions equal. Problems or equations involving the two functions can be solved by locating the intersection point .

Graphical Analysis: The intersection point on a graph of the red and green curves represents the point at which the two curves cross each other. These ideas could be used to analyse the relationship between the two curves, such as locating crucial spots, pinpointing sites of convergence or divergence, calculating distances or relative locations, etc.

Red and green curves may occasionally have symbolic meanings based on their colours. Red, for instance, may be a symbol of peril, ardor, or heat, whereas green may be a symbol of growth, serenity, or nature. Depending on the situation, the meeting or conflict of these attributes could be represented by the intersection of these curves.

Therefore, the correct option is (B).

What is the significance of the intersection of the red and green curves?

A. Supply becomes greater than consumption

B. Consumption becomes greater than supply

C. Supply and consumption are both zero.

D. Consumption increases but supply remains stable,

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When a current of 1.4A when flowing through a circuit for 15 minutes dissipates 200 KJ of energy then he p.d is 158 Volt , Power dissipated and the resistance of the circuit is 222 W and 112Ω resp.

Electric circuit, a channel for carrying electric current. An electric circuit consists of a device that provides energy to the charged particles that make up current, such as a battery or a generator, as well as equipment that consume current, such as lights, electric motors, or computers, and the connecting wires or transmission lines. Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's rules are two fundamental laws that quantitatively define the behaviour of electric circuits.

Given,

Current I = 1.4 A

Energy Dissipated E = 200 kJ

time t = 15 minute = 900s

Power dissipated in the circuit,

P = E/t = 200000/900 = 222 W

Power is a voltage times current,

P =VI

222 = 1.4 × V

V = 158 Volt

according to ohms law

V = RI

R = V/I = 158/1.4 =  112Ω.

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The correct option is D) Force of 10N displaced a body through a distance of 1m.

In option D, the work done would be W = force x displacement x cos(theta) = 10 x 1 x cos(0) = 10 J, which is the given amount of energy. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Weight of tank =  150 kg * 10 m/s^2 = 1500 N

since we are not given which of the dimensions are the  bottom of the tank  

   smallest area would be   10 x 15  = 150 m^2

    largest area would be    20 x 15 = 300 m^2

Max pressure would then be   1500 N / 150m^2 =  10 pascal

Min pressure would be  1500 N / 300 m^2 = 5 pascal

Answer: 125 m

Explanation:

[tex]V_{i}[/tex] = 0

[tex]V_{f}[/tex] = no se conoce

a = 2,5 [tex]\frac{m}{s^{2} }[/tex]

t = 10 s.

d= x no los piden

Formula:

[tex]d=V_{i} .t + \frac{a.t^{2} }{2}[/tex]

Remplazamos:

[tex]d=0.(10) + \frac{2,5.10^{2} }{2}[/tex]  =  0 + [tex]\frac{2,5.(100)}{2}[/tex]  = 2,5.(50) = 125 m

Answer:

coherent

Explanation:

...the laser light sticks together in a tight beam....does not disperse

Answer:

B. Coherent

Explanation:

The term that best describes the light generated by a laser is B) coherent. Lasers produce light that is coherent, meaning that the waves of light are in phase with one another, and travel in a narrow, concentrated beam. This is in contrast to light produced by other sources, which is typically diffused and travels in many different directions.

Given that a mass, [tex]\bold{m=0.275 \ kg}[/tex], swings in a circular path due to an attached string with a length, [tex]\bold{l=0.850 \ m}[/tex]. Refer to IMAGE #1 for a picture of the situation.

We are asked to answer the following...

(a) What forces always act on the mass throughout its swing?

(b) Draw force diagrams or free-body diagrams showing what forces are acting on the mass at the bottom of its swing vs the top.

(c) Given a velocity, [tex]\bold{\vec v = 5.20 \ m/s}[/tex], when the mass is at the top of its swing, find the tension in the string, [tex]\vec T[/tex].  

(d) Given the maximum tension,[tex]\bold{\vec T_{max}=22.5 N}[/tex], what is the fastest the mass can travel at the bottom of its swing, [tex]\vec v_{max}[/tex]?

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

For part (a):

To answer part a lets list of all forces that can act on an object and then narrow them down.

List of forces:

1. Weight or the force of gravity which is the mass of an object multiplied by the magnitude of the acceleration from gravity

([tex]\vec w= m||\vec g|| \ where \ \vec g=-9.8 \ m/s^2[/tex]).

2. Tension force which can be descried as a pulling force.

3. Normal force which is the force an object applies to prevent an object from traveling through its surface.

4. Friction force is a force that resists an objects motion.

5. Spring force is a force provided by a spring.

6. Air resistance force which is caused by air, can be interpreted as a friction force.

7. Electrical force is a force provided by charges.

8. Magnetic force which is a force provided by a magnetic field.

9. Buoyant force which is an upward force a fluid exherts on an object, can be interpreted as a normal force.

Right away we can eliminate 5,7,8, and 9. As we are not dealing with any springs, electricity, magnets, or fluids. We are also going to assuming there is no resistive forces acting on the ball so we can eliminate 4 and 6. The mass is not sitting on something so we can eliminate 3.

That leaves us with the gravitational force (weight) and the tension force.  Which logically would make sense, gravity would act on the mass at all points in its path and the string will always provide a pulling force keeping the mass from unhooking and flying away in a straight line.

For part (b):

Refer to IMAGE #2

For part (c):

Refer to IMAGE #3

Add up forces acting in the centripetal axis. Note that the centripetal axis acts like the y axis and the tangential axis acts like the x axis.

[tex]\vec v = 5.20 \ m/s[/tex]

[tex]\Sigma \vec F_c: \vec Tsin90 \textdegree +\vec wsin90\textdegree=m\vec a_c[/tex] where [tex]\vec a_c[/tex] is centripetal acceleration. [tex]\vec a _c = \frac{\vec v^2}{r}[/tex]

[tex]\Longrightarrow \vec T(1) +\vec w(1)=m(\frac{\vec v^2}{r} ) \Longrightarrow \vec T+\vec w=m(\frac{\vec v^2}{r} ) \Longrightarrow \vec T=m(\frac{\vec v^2}{r} ) -\vec w[/tex]

[tex]\Longrightarrow \vec T=m(\frac{\vec v^2}{r} ) -m ||\vec g|| \Longrightarrow \vec T=m((\frac{\vec v^2}{r} ) - ||\vec g||) \Longrightarrow \vec T=(0.275)((\frac{ (5.20)^2}{0.850} ) - 9.8) \Longrightarrow \boxed{\boxed{\vec T = 6.05 N}} \therefore Sol.[/tex]

Thus, the tension in the string is found.

For part (d):

Refer to IMAGE #4

Add up forces acting in the centripetal axis. Note that the centripetal axis acts like the y axis and the tangential axis acts like the x axis.

[tex]\vec T_{max}=22.5 \ N[/tex]

[tex]\Sigma \vec F_c: \vec T_{max}sin90 \textdegree +\vec wsin90\textdegree=m\vec a_c[/tex]

[tex]\Longrightarrow \vec T_{max}sin90 \textdegree +\vec wsin90\textdegree=m(\frac{v^2_{max}}{r} ) \Longrightarrow \vec T_{max}(1) +\vec w(1)=m(\frac{v^2_{max}}{r} )[/tex]

[tex]\Longrightarrow \vec T_{max} +\vec m||\vec g||=m(\frac{v^2_{max}}{r} ) \Longrightarrow \vec v_{max}= \sqrt{r(\frac{\vec T_{max}+m||\vec g||}{m}) }[/tex]

[tex]\Longrightarrow \vec v_{max}= \sqrt{(0.850)(\frac{22.5+(0.275)(9.8)}{0.275}}) \Longrightarrow \boxed{\boxed{\vec v_{max}=8.82 \ m/s} } \therefore Sol.[/tex]

Thus, the max speed is found.

Answer:

Displacement S= 17mHere the velocity will increase Displacement S= 17mHere the velocity will increase so it will be C or B

Explanation:

To find the position of the center of mass of the system, we need to first calculate the coordinates of the center of mass along both the x-axis and y-axis.

Let's begin by finding the coordinates of the center of mass along the x-axis:

We can use the formula:

x_cm = (m1x1 + m2x2 + m3x3 + m4x4) / (m1 + m2 + m3 + m4)

where m1, m2, m3, and m4 are the masses of the point masses at each corner, and x1, x2, x3, and x4 are the x-coordinates of each point mass.

In this case, we have:

m1 = 2kg, x1 = 0cm

m2 = 4kg, x2 = 2cm

m3 = 6kg, x3 = 2cm

m4 = 4kg, x4 = 0cm

Substituting these values into the formula, we get:

x_cm = (2kg x 0cm + 4kg x 2cm + 6kg x 2cm + 4kg x 0cm) / (2kg + 4kg + 6kg + 4kg)

x_cm = 24 / 16

x_cm = 1.5cm

Therefore, the x-coordinate of the center of mass is 1.5cm.

Now let's find the coordinates of the center of mass along the y-axis:

We can use the formula:

y_cm = (m1y1 + m2y2 + m3y3 + m4y4) / (m1 + m2 + m3 + m4)

where m1, m2, m3, and m4 are the masses of the point masses at each corner, and y1, y2, y3, and y4 are the y-coordinates of each point mass.

In this case, we have:

m1 = 2kg, y1 = 0cm

m2 = 4kg, y2 = 0cm

m3 = 6kg, y3 = 2cm

m4 = 4kg, y4 = 2cm

Substituting these values into the formula, we get:

y_cm = (2kg x 0cm + 4kg x 0cm + 6kg x 2cm + 4kg x 2cm) / (2kg + 4kg + 6kg + 4kg)

y_cm = 20 / 16

y_cm = 1.25cm

Therefore, the y-coordinate of the center of mass is 1.25cm.

So the center of mass of the system is located at the point (1.5cm, 1.25cm) from the corner.

Answer:

The expansion of the universe has caused cosmic microwave background radiation to cool. As the universe expands, the radiation is stretched out, causing its wavelength to increase and its temperature to decrease. This phenomenon is known as cosmic microwave background radiation redshift.

the answer is D. It has caused it to red-shift.

Answer:

3.33×10^-5 meters above the origin along the positive y-axis

Explanation:

The weight of an object is given by its mass multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity, which is 9.81 m/s² near the surface of the earth. For an electron with mass me, its weight is:

W = me * g

= 9.11×10^-31 kg * 9.81 m/s²

= 8.93×10^-30 N

Since the electric force acting on the electron is opposite to its weight, the electric force must have the same magnitude as its weight but in the opposite direction:

|F_E| = |W| = 8.93×10^-30 N

The electric force between two point charges is given by Coulomb's law:

F_E = k * |q1| * |q2| / r²

where k is the Coulomb constant, q1 and q2 are the charges of the two particles, and r is the distance between them.

In this problem, q1 is the fixed charge of -0.55 nC at the origin, and q2 is the charge of the electron, which we want to find. Since we know the magnitude of the electric force between the two charges, we can solve for the distance between them:

r² = k * |q1| * |q2| / |F_E|

= 8.99×10^9 N⋅m²/C² * 0.55×10^-9 C * |q2| / (8.93×10^-30 N)

= 6.95×10^6 * |q2|

Taking the square root of both sides, we get:

r = 2.64×10^-3 * sqrt(|q2|)

Now, we need to find the distance r at which the electric force between the two charges is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the weight of the electron. Equating the expression for r above with the distance y along the y-axis where the electron is placed, we get:

2.64×10^-3 * sqrt(|q2|) = y

Since the electron is placed on the y-axis, its x and z coordinates are zero, and the distance between the electron and the fixed charge is simply the y-coordinate. The electric force between the charges will be attractive (i.e., in the negative y direction), so the direction of the force vector will be opposite to the positive y direction. Therefore, we can write the electric force on the electron as:

F_E = - k * |q1| * |q2| / y²

Setting this equal to the weight of the electron, we have:

k * |q1| * |q2| / y² = |W|

|q2| = |W| * y² / (k * |q1|)

= 8.93×10^-30 N * y² / (8.99×10^9 N⋅m²/C² * 0.55×10^-9 C)

= 1.56×10^-20 * y²

Substituting this expression for |q2| into the expression for r above, we get:

r = 2.64×10^-3 * sqrt(1.56×10^-20 * y²)

= 1.35×10^-11 * y

Equating this expression for r with the expression for y above, we have:

2.64×10^-3 * sqrt(1.56×10^-20 * y²) = y

Squaring both sides and simplifying, we get:

y = 3.33×10^-5 m

Therefore, the electron must be placed at a distance of 3.33×10^-5 meters above the origin, along the positive y-axis, in order for the electric force acting on it to be exactly opposite to its weight.

To summarize, we used Coulomb's law to relate the electric force between the electron and the fixed charge at the origin to the distance between them, and equated this force with the weight of the electron. We then solved for the distance at which the two forces are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, and found that the electron must be placed 3.33×10^-5 meters above the origin along the positive y-axis.

Hope this helps!

The kinetic energy of the truck would be transferred to the spring such that the spring would make some movement rapidly.

As we look at the principle of the conservation of mechanical energy, we have to know that the total energy of the system is a constant. The implication of this is that the kinetic energy of the truck and the potential energy of spring must remain the same.

The second law of motion can be applied here to obtain the average force as follows;

F.t = mv - mu

mv = final momentum

mu = initial momentum

F.t = impulse

Then we have that;

F = mv - mu/t

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The energy changes in a mass spring system that is oscillating horizontally is between kinetic energy and potential energy.

In a mass spring system oscillating horizontally, the energy changes between kinetic energy  and potential energy   as the spring expands and contracts and the mass moves back and forth.

At the point of maximum displacement to one side, the mass has zero velocity and maximum potential energy. As the mass moves back to its equilibrium position, the potential energy decreases and is converted into kinetic energy. At the equilibrium position, the potential energy is at its minimum while the kinetic energy is at its maximum.

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The average speed of  swimmer C in the graph below is 4.8 km/h.

When we look at the information provided on the graph, for swimmer C

distance traveled = 2400 m

travel time is 30 minutes.

If we should convert Distance into kilometers, it would be:

2400 m = 2400 / 1000 = 2.4 km

If we are to convert Time to the hour:

30 minutes equals 30/60 = 0.5 hour

To calculate the average speed, we use the formula;

Distance traveled / time taken = average speed

2.4 km/0.5 hour = 4.8 km/hr average speed

The above answer is in response to the full question below;

In the chart, Swimmer C' speed is between 1,400 and 1,600 what is his average speed?

4.8 km/h

2.4 km/h

2400 km/h

4800 km/h

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The water rocket is launched with an initial velocity of 10 m/s at an angle of 30° and reaches a height of 3.75m.

From the given,

the velocity of rocket = 10 m/s

angle = 30°

The distance/ height traveled by the rocket=?

H = u²sinθ² / 2g

u is the initial velocity of the rocket

g is the acceleration due to gravity = 10 m/s²

H = (10)²sin²(60°)/(2×10)

  = (100 ×3/4)×(1/20)

  =3.75 m

Thus the rocket covers a distance of 3.75 m.

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Explanation:

For electromagnetic waves    c = wavelength * frequency

 c = speed of light = 3 x 10^8 m/ s

                                    3 x 10^8 m/s = wl * 33 x 10^9  Hz

                                        wl = .009 m      ( or  9 mm)

If a radar signal that has a frequency of 33 GHz, Then the wavelength of the radar signal is  9 mm.

Wavelength is a fundamental concept in the study of waves, which are disturbances that propagate through space or a medium. It is defined as the distance between two consecutive points in a wave that are in phase, meaning that they have the same position in their respective cycles.

In other words, the wavelength is the spatial period of a wave, which is the distance over which the wave repeats itself. It is commonly represented by the Greek letter lambda (λ) and is measured in meters (m), although it can also be expressed in other units such as nanometers (nm) or micrometers (μm).

Wavelength is a key property of waves, as it determines many of their characteristics and behavior. For example, the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave (such as light or radio waves) determines its color or frequency, and thus its energy and ability to interact with matter. Similarly, the wavelength of a sound wave determines its pitch, and thus its perceived tone and musical quality.

The relationship between wavelength, frequency, and velocity is described by the wave equation, which states that the velocity of a wave is equal to the product of its wavelength and frequency. This relationship is important for understanding how waves behave and interact with their environment, such as when they are reflected, refracted, or diffracted.

So, the wavelength is a crucial concept in the study of waves, as it defines their properties and behavior. It is the distance between two consecutive points in a wave that are in phase, and is measured in meters or other units. The relationship between wavelength, frequency, and velocity is described by the wave equation, which is fundamental to the study of waves in various fields such as physics, engineering, and communication.

Here in the Question,

The wavelength of a radar signal can be calculated using the formula:

wavelength = speed of light/frequency

where the speed of light is approximately 3 x 10^8 meters per second.

Plugging in the given frequency of 33 GHz (33 x 10^9 Hz), we get:

wavelength = 3 x 10^8 / (33 x 10^9)

wavelength = 0.009090909... meters

Therefore, By rounding to the nearest millimeter, the wavelength of the radar signal is approximately 9 mm.

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Josh was blowing bubbles through a straw into a glass of tap water. As Josh exhaled into the straw, he blew carbon dioxide gas into the water. The harder he blew, the more bubbles entered the water. The more bubbles, the more saturated the solution gas/water solution.

This is because the bubbles increase surface area of gas-water Interface, allowing for more gas molecules to come into contact with  water and dissolve. As more gas dissolves,  concentration of the gas in the water increases, and the solution becomes more saturated . This effect is known as Henry's law, which states that amount of gas that dissolves in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above liquid.

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Answer:

a.   m = 4.2•10⁻⁴ kg

b.   B = 0.01962 N

c.   ∑F = 0.0155 N (upward)

d.   a = 6.51•10⁻⁶ m/s² (upward)

Explanation: I'm unsure if you have the correct values, but either way, the steps are below:

a. Mass:

Volume • Density = Mass

(2 cm³)(210 kg/m³)(10⁻⁶ m³/cm³)= 0.00042 kg or 4.2•10⁻⁴ kg

b. Buoyant Force:

Fluid Density • Displaced Volume • Gravity = Buoyant Force

**The Fluid is water, so the fluid density = 1 g/cm³, and the displaced volume is the same as the volume of the cork.**

ρ • V • g = B

[(1 g/cm³)(10⁻³ kg/g)](2 cm³)(9.81 m/s²) =

(10⁻³)(2)(9.81) = 0.01962 N

c. Net Force:

∑F: B - W = ma

mass • gravity = W

(4.2•10⁻⁴ kg)(9.81 m/s²) = 0.0041202 N

(0.01962) - (0.0041202) = 0.0154998 N

d. Acceleration:

F = ma

F/m = a

(0.0155•10⁻² kg•m/s²)/(4.2•10⁻⁴ kg) = 0.000006509916 m/s²

                                                      or 6.51•10⁻⁶ m/s²

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

The reason the values are so small is because N = kg•m/s², so all mass units need to stay in kg, even though it would be simpler to have them in grams.

The tension force T = μs×mg×cos(20∘)sin(20∘) and the cylinder is at rest, the force of friction must be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the component of the weight of the cylinder that is parallel to the slope.

What is tension force?

Based on the given information, we can use the concepts of static equilibrium and free-body diagrams to solve for the tension in the cable and the magnitude of the static friction force.

The cylinder is at rest, the sum of the forces acting on it must be zero in both the x and y directions.

In the x direction, there are two forces: the tension force T in the cable and the force of friction Ff acting up the slope. The component of the weight of the cylinder that is parallel to the slope also acts in the x direction, but it cancels out with the force of friction since the cylinder is at rest. Therefore, we have:

T - Ff = 0

In the y direction, there are two forces: the weight of the cylinder mg acting straight down and the component of the weight that is perpendicular to the slope. This component is given by mg×cos(20∘), where cos(20∘) is the cosine of the angle between the weight vector and the normal vector to the slope. This component is balanced by the normal force N from the slope. Therefore, we have:

N - mg×cos(20∘) = 0

Now we can solve for the tension force T and the force of friction Ff. From the first equation, we have:

T = Ff

Substituting this into the second equation, we have:

N - mg×cos(20∘) = 0

N = mg×cos(20∘)

Since the cylinder is at rest, the force of friction must be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the component of the weight of the cylinder that is parallel to the slope. This component is given by mg×sin(20∘), where sin(20∘) is the sine of the angle between the weight vector and the normal vector to the slope. Therefore, we have:

Ff = (μs)×N

where μs is the coefficient of static friction between the cylinder and the slope. The magnitude of the static friction force is therefore:

Ff = μs×mg×cos(20∘)sin(20∘)

To solve for the tension force T, we can use the fact that T = Ff:

T = μs×mg×cos(20∘)sin(20∘)

Without knowing the value of the coefficient of static friction or the angle of the slope, we cannot provide a numerical answer for the tension force or the magnitude of the static friction force.

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Acoustic amplification is not an application of ultrasonic waves.

Ultrasonic waves are used in many different applications such as medical imaging, where they are used to create images of the internal structures of the human body.

Echolocation, which is used by animals such as bats and dolphins to navigate their environment, also relies on the use of ultrasonic waves. Additionally, ultrasonic waves are used in nondestructive testing to detect flaws or defects in materials without damaging them.

Acoustic amplification, on the other hand, involves the use of sound waves to amplify or enhance the sound produced by a musical instrument or a speaker. It does not involve the use of ultrasonic waves.

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If each galaxy is 150 kpc across, the event lasts for approximately 7.7 billion years.

To calculate the time for the event, we need to know the distance traveled by the galaxies during the collision. Since each galaxy is 150 kpc across and they are passing through each other, the total distance traveled is twice the diameter of one galaxy, or 300 kpc.

To find the time, we can use the formula:

time = distance / speed

where distance is 300 kpc and speed is 1200 km/s. However, we need to convert the distance to the same units as the speed, so let's convert kpc to km:

1 kpc = 3.086 × 10^16 meters

1 meter = 3.281 × 10^-6 miles

1 mile = 1.609 × 10^3 meters

1 kpc = 3.086 × 10^19 miles

So, 300 kpc is equal to:

300 kpc × 3.086 × 10^19 miles/kpc = 9.258 × 10^21 miles

Now we can plug in the values:

time = distance / speed

time = 9.258 × 10^21 miles / 1200 km/s

time ≈ 2.432 × 10^14 seconds

So the event lasts for approximately 2.432 × 10^14 seconds. To convert to a more meaningful unit, we can divide by the number of seconds in a year:

time ≈ 7.7 billion years

Therefore, the event lasts for approximately 7.7 billion years.

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The maximum rate at which the current can be shut off in the inductor is 459.0 A/s.

An inductor is a passive electronic component that stores energy in a magnetic field when an electric current flows through it.

Inductors are used in a variety of electronic applications such as power supplies, filters, and signal processing circuits. They are also used in transformers to change the voltage of alternating current (AC) power.

To calculate the maximum rate at which the current can be shut off in the inductor, we can use the formula:

emf = -L(di/dt)

where emf is the induced electromotive force, L is the inductance, and di/dt is the rate of change of current.

Rearranging the formula, we get:

di/dt = -emf/L

Substituting the given values, we get:

di/dt = -78.0 V / 0.170 H = -459.0 A/s

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According to the Doppler effect, when the light source moves further away from the observers, the electromagnetic wave appears more red in color, the wavelength lengthens, and the frequency appears to decrease.

The Doppler effect is the change in frequency and wavelength of waves that occurs when the source of the waves and/or the observer moves relative to each other.

The Doppler effect is used in real-world applications such as radar and sonar systems to measure the speed and direction of moving objects, as well as in medical imaging technologies such as ultrasound. It is also used to determine the motion of stars and other celestial objects.

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If |Qh| is the total energy that enters the system by heat in one cycle.

The ratio of |Qh|/(PiVi) is a measure of the efficiency of a heat engine, where |Qh| is the total energy that enters the system by heat in one cycle, Pi is the initial pressure, and Vi is the initial volume of the system.

In a heat engine, energy is transferred from a high-temperature reservoir (|Qh|) to a low-temperature reservoir (|Qc|) to perform work. The efficiency of the heat engine is given by the ratio of the work output (W) to the heat input from the high-temperature reservoir (|Qh|), which can be written as

Efficiency = W/|Qh|

Using the first law of thermodynamics, we can relate the work output to the difference between the heat input and the heat output.

W = |Qh| - |Qc|

Substituting this into the efficiency equation, we get

Efficiency = (|Qh| - |Qc|)/|Qh|

Rearranging this expression, we get

Efficiency = 1 - |Qc|/|Qh|

The quantity |Qc|/|Qh| is known as the heat rejection ratio, which is the ratio of the heat output to the heat input. Since energy cannot be created or destroyed, the total energy entering the system by heat (|Qh|) is equal to the sum of the work done by the system (W) and the energy rejected as heat (|Qc|) we get

|Qh| = W + |Qc|

Substituting this into the efficiency equation, we get

Efficiency = W/(W + |Qc|)

We can also write the work output as the product of the pressure and volume change.

W = PiVi - PfVf

Where Pi and Vi are the initial pressure and volume, and Pf and Vf are the final pressure and volume. Substituting this into the efficiency equation and simplifying, we get

Efficiency = (PiVi - PfVf)/(PiVi)

Rearranging this expression, we get

(PiVi - PfVf)/(PiVi) = |Qh|/(PiVi + |Qc|)

Since the heat engine operates in a cycle, the final volume and pressure are the same as the initial volume and pressure, and |Qc| is equal to zero. Therefore, we can simplify the expression to

(PiVi - PiVi)/(PiVi) = |Qh|/(PiVi)

Which simplifies further to

Efficiency = 1 - (|Qc|/|Qh|) = 1 - 0 = 1

Hence, the maximum efficiency of a heat engine is 1, which is achieved when all the energy transferred by heat is converted into work. In other words, the ratio of |Qh|/(PiVi) represents the maximum theoretical efficiency of a heat engine, which is known as the Carnot efficiency.

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If a  ball is thrown from a cliff with a speed of 28.00m/s at an angle 48.0 degrees above the horizontal direction.  the highest height attained by the ball is 45.06 meters.

a) We can use the following equation to find the time it takes for the ball to reach this point:

vf = vi + at

where vf is the final velocity (which is zero at the highest point), vi is the initial velocity (which is the vertical component of the initial velocity), a is the acceleration due to gravity (-9.8 m/s^2), and t is the time it takes to reach the highest point.

First, let's find the vertical component of the initial velocity:

vi = 28.00 m/s * sin(48.0°) = 19.84 m/s

Now, we can use the equation above to find the time it takes for the ball to reach the highest point:

0 = 19.84 m/s + (-9.8 m/s^2)t

t = 2.02 s

The time it takes for the ball to reach the highest point is 2.02 seconds. To find the highest height attained by the ball, we can use the following equation:

y = yi + vit + (1/2)at^2

where y is the height at any time t, yi is the initial height (25.00 m in this case), vi is the initial vertical velocity (19.84 m/s), a is the acceleration due to gravity (-9.8 m/s^2), and t is the time.

At the highest point, the vertical displacement (y - yi) is equal to the highest height attained by the ball. We can use the time we just found to calculate this displacement:

y - yi = vi*t + (1/2)at^2

y - 25.00 m = 19.84 m/s * 2.02 s + (1/2)(-9.8 m/s^2)(2.02 s)^2

y - 25.00 m = 20.06 m

y = 45.06 m

Therefore, the highest height attained by the ball is 45.06 meters.

b) To find the time it takes for the ball to hit the ground, we can use the same equation we used to find the time to reach the highest point, but this time we'll solve for the time when y = 0 (i.e., when the ball hits the ground):

0 = 19.84 m/s + (-9.8 m/s^2)t

t = 2.03 s

Therefore, the time it takes for the ball to hit the ground is 2.03 seconds.

c) At the instant the ball hits the ground, its vertical velocity is -vi = -19.84 m/s (i.e., the negative of its initial vertical velocity), and its horizontal velocity is v = 28.00 m/s * cos(48.0°) = 18.08 m/s (i.e., the horizontal component of its initial velocity). The magnitude of its velocity can be found using the Pythagorean theorem:

v = sqrt[(18.08 m/s)^2 + (-19.84 m/s)^2] = 26.03 m/s

The direction of its velocity can be found using the inverse tangent function:

theta = tan^-1((-19.84 m/s) / (18.08 m/s)) = -49.57°

The negative sign indicates that the velocity vector makes an angle of 49.57° below the horizontal direction.

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Answer:

Given:

Water content at field capacity = 0.15 kg kg-1

Water content at wilting point = 0.06 kg kg-1

PAWC = Water content at field capacity - Water content at wilting point

PAWC = 0.15 kg kg-1 - 0.06 kg kg-1

PAWC = 0.09 kg kg-1

To convert kg kg-1 to depth units, we need to multiply by the bulk density of the soil, and divide by the density of water.

Bulk density of soil = 1250 kg m-3

Density of water = 1000 kg m-3

PAWC in depth units = (PAWC * Bulk density of soil) / Density of water

PAWC in depth units = (0.09 kg kg-1 * 1250 kg m-3) / 1000 kg m-3

PAWC in depth units = 0.1125 m

So, the Plant Available Water Capacity (PAWC) is 0.1125 m or 11.25 cm.

2.2 Plant Available Water (PAW) for the crop with rooting depth of 40 cm can be calculated as:

PAW = PAWC * Rooting depth

PAW = 0.1125 m * 0.40 m

PAW = 0.045 m or 4.5 cm

So, the Plant Available Water (PAW) for the crop is 0.045 m or 4.5 cm.

2.3 To raise the soil water content from the depletion level back to field capacity for the rooting depth of the crop, the farmer needs to apply water equivalent to the difference between PAW at depletion level and PAWC, per hectare of land.

Given:

PAW at depletion level = 65% of PAWC = 0.65 * 0.1125 m = 0.073125 m

PAWC = 0.1125 m

Volume of water to be applied = (PAWC - PAW at depletion level) * Area of land

Let's assume the area of land is 1 hectare, which is equivalent to 10,000 m^2.

Volume of water to be applied = (0.1125 m - 0.073125 m) * 10,000 m^2

Volume of water to be applied = 0.039375 m * 10,000 m^2

Volume of water to be applied = 393.75 m^3

So, the farmer must apply 393.75 m^3 of water per hectare of land to raise the soil water content from the depletion level back to field capacity for the rooting depth of the crop.

Answer:

make exact measurements and follow the procedure exactly

Explanation:

accurate doesn't mean correct. It just means that the results from the experiment are the result of following the procedure