By learning to associate a squirt of water with an electric shock, sea snails demonstrate the process of classical conditioning. Merry Christmas and I hope this helped!
Are snails and clams the same?
Clams and snails are members of the phylum Mollusca.
The Mollusca members have a radula, a mantle, and a hard shell. They are contributors of mother of pearl, abalone shells, and lustrous pearls that resemble items of jewelry. A tentacled head, a muscular foot, a feeding apparatus called the radula, and a fully developed digestive tract are gross features of the molluscan body. The mantle of molluscan periodically secretes an exterior shell. The mantle forms a hard external shell that provides protection from various prey and pressure. A marine mollusca that lives in freshwater and burrows, the clam feeds on mud or sand. An invertebrate known as a mollusca has a soft, unsegmented body that is typically covered by a shell.
Hence, animals belonging to the same phylum show similar characteristics.
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What is biologically contaminated?
Biological contamination generally refers to contamination of our food or environment with microorganisms which includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
Biological contaminants include bacteria, viruses, animal dander and cat saliva, house dust, mites, cockroaches, and pollen. There are many sources of these pollutants. By controlling the relative humidity level in a home, the growth of some sources of biologicals can be minimized.
Biological contamination refers to the event wherein any other living organism, mostly microorganisms, contaminate a food product. Biological contamination is one of the common causes of food poisoning as well as spoilage. Biological contamination of drinking water is common in developing countries and poses a health risk, often associated with diarrheal diseases. Contamination can also be caused by heavy metals like lead,cadmium and mercury. Contamination by heavy metal in food occurs mainly through pollution of water and soil.
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In an experiment, a researcher prepares a reaction mixture by dissolving a substance in a buffered solution. The substance is the substrate of a certain enzyme. The researcher adds a small amount of the enzyme to the reaction mixture and measures the amount of product that is formed over time. Which of the following best predicts the immediate result of adding more substrate to the reaction mixture at the point indicated by the arrow in Figure 1?
answer choices
The amount of product will decrease until the reaction rate goes to zero.
The amount of product will increase until the reaction reaches its equilibrium point or until the substrate is used up by the reaction.
The amount of product will increase without stopping because the enzyme will be unchanged by the reaction.
The amount of product will decrease until the reaction reaches its equilibrium point or until the enzyme is been used up by the reaction
Until equilibrium is reached or all of the substrate has been eaten, the amount of product will continue to increase.
How can the rate at which an enzyme-catalyzed reaction occurs be determined?It is possible to identify enzyme catalysis by measuring the appearance of the product or the disappearance of the reactants. The same reactants may be used in a reaction, but a different catalyst may produce different results.
Which of the following would speed up how quickly reactants turn into products in a chemical reaction?The more the temperature rises, the more crashes occur. As a reactant's concentration rises, the likelihood of reactant collisions increases as well, accelerating the rate of the reaction.
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a). Draw and label a simple diagram of the phospholipid bilayer consisting of multiple phospholipids, one transmembrane protein, one peripheral protein, and a few cholesterol molecules. b). Explain the orientation of the phospholipids. c). What is the purpose of the cholesterol in the membrane?
Multiple strategies exist for cholesterol to modify the bilayer structure of biological membranes. It modifies the lipid bilayers' fluidity, thickness, compressibility, water permeability, and intrinsic curvature.
Each phospholipid molecule has a head (polar area) that faces the bilayer's exterior. Each phospholipid molecule has a tail (nonpolar portion) that faces the bilayer's interior. The hydrophobic effect is the cause of this orientation.Phospholipids form a bilayer by positioning their heads inside the membrane and their tails toward the polar molecules of water solutions.
In between each phospholipid bilayer, there are pockets of cholesterol. The tails of the fatty acids may melt or freeze in the event of a temperature change. As the temperature rises, the phospholipid molecules have a tendency to spread apart, whereas at low temperatures, they prefer to move extremely closely together. This changes the fluidity of the membrane. disrupting the substance-transporting capacity of the membrane. The stabilising molecule known as cholesterol is what keeps phospholipids from moving excessively when the temperature changes.
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What are 3 interesting facts about snails?
Both snails and slugs are classified as gastropods. A snail cannot hear. They hunt for food by using their sense of smell. The movement-related slime that snails leave in their wake.
Do snails lack gender, or what?Because they are hermaphrodites, snails have a lot on their minds when they make love. Garden snails, as opposed to you, may simultaneously generate sperm like men and carry eggs like females.
They all have blue blood, including snails, spiders, and octopi. These beings truly have blue blood; we are not speaking in terms of royalty. Transporting oxygen throughout the body is one of blood's functions.
Because these conditions resemble their natural state, snails like darkness over light, moisture over dryness, and cold over heat.
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Is genetically modifying food a good idea?
The World Health Organization, the National Academy of Science, and several other major science organizations around the world have reviewed research on genetically modified foods and found no evidence that they are harmful.
Genetically modified (GM) foods are those derived from organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been altered in ways that do not occur naturally, such as the introduction of a gene from another organism.
Soybeans, corn (field and sweet), canola, cotton, alfalfa, sugar beets, summer squash, papaya, apples, and potatoes are among the 11 commercially available genetically modified crops in the United States.
Genetically Modified foods are intended to be healthier and less expensive to produce. GMO foods have several advantages, including more nutrients, fewer pesticides, and lower prices. Genetically Modified foods can cause allergic reactions or increased antibiotic resistance.
Some of the benefits of genetic engineering in agriculture include increased crop yields, lower costs for food or drug production, reduced need for pesticides, improved nutrient composition and food quality, resistance to pests and disease, greater food security, and medical benefits to the world's growing population.
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Termites get almost all their energy from eating wood and dead plants. Although termites rely on wood for food, they cannot digest it. Instead, termites rely on protists called trichonymphs. These organisms live in their intestines and convert wood particles into food. Even though termites are animals and trichonymphs are protists, what do both organisms have in common?.
A. Both are eukaryotic
Explanation:
Despite the fact that termites are insects that eat wood, termites are not equipped for processing wood all alone. Endosymbionts like trichonympha that live inside the digestive tracts of the termite help with converting over the wood into nutrients that the termite can process.
Trichonympha have the enzymes that can convert cellulose in wood into starches and sugars that the termite can use for their nutrition. In return, these living beings profit by the nonstop supply of energy rich cellulose and an appropriate domain in which to live. Both trichonympha and termites show mutualism.
If two children have blood types O and AB, what are the genotypes and phenotypes
of their biological parents?
Parents' genotype: AO and BO
Parents' phenotype: Type A and Type B
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Chapter 30 biology: the dynamics of life: reinforcement and study guide: fishes and amphibians
Amphibians are creatures that live in water and are born with gills; however, as they grow, many amphibians also acquire lungs.
As a result, they can eventually live on land. Some amphibians do live their entire lives with their gills. Amphibians lack scales, unlike fish, and the majority grow legs as they get older.
In general, there are two different groups of vertebrates: fish and amphibians. Although their natural habitats can occasionally be comparable, amphibians can live in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. Aside from that, fish and amphibians differ in key basic characteristics.
However, occasionally people misidentify the amphibian larvae as fish. Thus, understanding the distinctions between fish and amphibians is always preferable.
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Cyanide is a chemical that kills living things by the molecular mechanism of binding to a step in the electron transport chain that prevents the synthesis of ATP. Chemicals called antitranspirants exist that block the process of transpiration. Suggest molecular mechanisms by which these chemicals may work.
A molecular mechanism by which cyanide chemicals may kill living things by the molecular mechanism of binding to a step in the electron transport chain and thus preventing the synthesis of ATP may be via the avoidance of open stomata in plants.
What is the cellular mechanism of respiration?The cell mechanism of cellular respiration is a series of steps to produce ATP, the energy coin of the cell, by aerobic pathways that require oxygen, which involve the coupling of the electron transport chain to the movement of protons in the inner mitochondrial membrane, and it also occurs in the stomata of plant leaves in order to generate energy.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the cell mechanism of cellular respiration may be associated with the electron transport chain in a process that involves different cells in plants including stomata that are required during gas exchange
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when is a school of fish likely to partake in ram feeding
1. during long migrations
2. when threatened by apex predators
3. in dense concentrations of copepods
4. when there is scarcity of phytoplankton
In a dense concentration of copepods a school of fish likely to partake in ram feeding. The correct option to this question is 3.
What is ram feeding?Ram feeding is an underwater feeding technique in which the predator advances while maintaining an open mouth, enveloping the prey and the water around it. The prey is locked in place during ram feeding, and the predator moves its jaws past the prey to seize it.
This is crucial since young fish only need to be fed after a day or two, whereas large, healthy specimens can easily go seven to ten days without feeding. In any case, a simple method can help to lengthen the time between meals while still maintaining the fish's health.
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Diseases that result from chronic exposure to excess levels of stressors, which produce a General Adaptation Syndrome response are:
mental disorders.
brain diseases.
None of these is correct.
diseases of adaptation.
Diseases resulting from prolonged exposure to excessive levels of stress, which produce a general adaptation syndrome response are diseases of adaptation. So, the correct option is (D).
What is General adaptation syndrome (GAS)?
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is a type of disease in which our body reacts to stress. It was first identified in 1946 by a scientist named Hans Selye.
General adaptation syndrome describes the body's response to stress. There are three phases of stress:
1. The alarm phase
2. The resistance phase
3. The exhaustion phase
This age-old proverb is explained as the ability of youth to adapt to changing stresses in the environment. The origin of these stressors can be physical (pollution, nutritional status, infection) or psychological (trauma, upbringing, home environment).
Thus, diseases resulting from prolonged exposure to excessive levels of stress, which produce a general adaptation syndrome response are diseases of adaptation. So, the correct option is (D).
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Stop codons are unique because they __________.
Stop codons are unique because they do not code for amino acids that allow a releasing factor to bind to A site of the ribosome.
What is unique about codon ?The four nucleotides included in mRNA — A, U, G, and C — can be combined in a total of 64 distinct ways since codons are three-letter structures. These 64 codons are made up of 61 amino acid codons and three stop signal codons, which mark the completion of protein synthesis.
The genetic code contains the STOP codons UAG, UAA, and UGA. During translation, these codons indicate the polypeptide chain's conclusion. Because they do not encode an amino acid, these codons are often known as nonsense or termination codons.
A stop codon is a trinucleotide sequence of three nucleotides found in messenger RNA (mRNA) or DNA that instructs the cell to stop production of proteins. Trinucleotide codons come in 64 different varieties.
Thus, Stop codons are unique because they do not code for amino acids that allow a releasing factor to bind to A site of the ribosome.
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How do regulatory proteins bind to DNA?
In order to facilitate RNA polymerase activity and the transcription of neighboring genes, activator proteins bind to regulatory sites on DNA that are close to promoter regions that function as on/off switches.
Gene expression refers to the utilization of a gene to produce a protein. It comprises protein synthesis via DNA transcription processes as well as mRNA translation. It may also involve further protein processing following synthesis. Gene expression is regulated to ensure that the appropriate proteins are produced at the appropriate time and location.
The lac operon in prokaryotic DNA, which determines whether bacteria in the lower GI use lactose or glucose for energy, is a notable example of this.
The lacI region of DNA expresses a repressor molecule that inhibits lacZ and lacY expression by preventing RNA raw materials from being synthesized in order to break down galactose.
When the extracellular glucose level is high, the galactoside permease prevents the cell membrane from being permeable to lactose.
When extracellular glucose levels are low, the cell membrane may be more permeable to lactose, resulting in the expression of lacY and lacZ genes in proteins and enzymes that facilitate lactose digestion.
Furthermore, when the cAMP-CAP complex forms within the cell as a result of intercellular lactose, it increases transcription of the previously stated genes.
The regulation of gene expression is critical during the early stages of organism development. Regulatory proteins must activate certain genes in specific cells at precisely the appropriate time for the individual to grow normal organs and organ systems. Homeobox genes are a vast collection of genes that affect embryonic development. Humans have an estimated 235 functioning homs.
Humans have an estimated 235 functioning homeobox genes. They are found on all chromosomes and are typically organized into clusters. Homeobox genes encode instructions for the formation of 60 amino acid chains known as homeodomains. Homeodomain proteins are transcription factors that bind to and regulate the activity of other genes. The homeodomain is a protein component that binds to it.
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List ways we can deal with invasive species?
( I know this is simple but like I'm too lazy to do it rn)
The rapid rise and fall in force produced by a muscle fiber after a single action potential is a(n) ____.
twitch.
muscle action potential.
tetanus.
unfused tetanus.
end plate potential.
The rapid rise and fall with a force produced by a muscle fiber after a single action potential is known as a twitch.
Muscles are the loose tissues masses present inside the body of an organisms that help in the movement of various body parts. There are three major classes of muscles in the human body, namely: skeletal muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac muscles.
Twitch is the sudden instantaneous muscle contraction. It is also called muscle fasciculation. This is an involuntary action, i.e. one cannot cause this contraction on their own. The reason for such twitches can below magnesium levels, muscle fatigue or some medication side effects.
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What are the main issues of concerning about genetic engineering?
The main issues of concerning about genetic engineering are:
Potential as well as unknown environmental impacts- It is impossible to deny that genetic engineering has played a significant role in the sustainability of foods and life on Earth, but negative consequences also await. Nobody can predict the environmental effects of genetically modified crops or animals. This may result in ecological imbalance and the extinction of another. A minor engineering mishap can have a negative impact on the environment, causing major problems later on. Any error in the genetics of bacteria and viruses can result in a stronger type that causes widespread damage, not only to crops but also to animals and humans. These potential errors could be fatal.
Human risks- If viral vectors are inserted inside the body and carry functional genes, they can cause unknown health conditions that can be fatal, as well as susceptibility to viruses and any form of disease if engineered incorrectly. The new food supply may also contain new allergens as a result of genetic engineering. Transgenic crops can introduce allergens into foods that humans do not know how to avoid.
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Around 50,000 rainforest species go extinct every year.
true
false
The given statement is True....sadly
If pure breeding parents for one trait were crossed (yellow seed, dominant vs. green seed, recessive, the f1 generation will produce?
Yellow-seed alleles are dominant, while green-seed alleles are recessive. When true-breeding plants with yellow seeds and green seeds were cross-fertilized, all of the F1 hybrid offspring had yellow seeds.
Inherited traits are genetically acquired traits. These characteristics are passed down from parents or grandparents to their children. DNA is in charge of transmitting genetic information from one generation to the next.
Inherited traits are things that an animal inherits from birth. Both of their parents pass on these characteristics to them, and they end up being a hybrid of their parents. Hair color, eye color, and fur patterns are all inherited characteristics.
Acquired traits, on the other hand, are characteristics that an individual acquires over the course of his life. It could be the result of his own actions or an external influence. Unlike inherited traits, acquired traits cannot be passed down genetically to the next generation. For example, the ability to dance or cook well.
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What 3 system removes carbon dioxide and waste from your cells?
Your skin, excretory system, and respiratory system all function to remove wastes from your cells.
All metabolic wastes are removed from the body by the excretory system. Organs that assist in the body's removal of nitrogenous wastes make up the human excretory system. The human excretory system consists of the urethra, two kidneys, two ureters, and a urine bladder.
Does the circulatory system eliminate waste and carbon dioxide from cells?Cells receive oxygen, nutrients, and hormones from the circulatory system, which also removes wastes like carbon dioxide. When we breathe out, carbon dioxide in the blood diffuses through the alveoli and is expelled from the body.
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The total of all the chemical reactions and physical changes within the body is the:
a. homeostatic balance
b. catabolism
c. anabolism
d. metabolism
Explanation:
the total of all the chemical reactions and physical changes within a body is the body's metabolism. the answer is d
What is the size of capillary tube?
The length of the capillary tube can range from 1- 6m and the diameter on the inside ranges from 0.5-2mm.
Narrow cylindrical tubes having very small diameters are known as capillary tubes. Pressure reduction is the main objective of the capillary tube. Its primary usage is in the laboratories for collection of various samples of liquid. Molarity, molality and other concentrations can also be checked using capillary tubes. It can also be used in refrigeration in order to control the flow of refrigerants. The length of the capillary tube can range from 1- 6m and the diameter on the inside ranges from 0.5-2mm. If we decrease the diameter of the tube, the weight of the liquid also decreases. Hence, with the decrease in the diameter the phenomenon of capillarity increases. If there is insufficient height of the tube, the radius of the meniscus changes in order to ensure that there is no spilling.
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What is the comparison of bat to human arm in function?
A bat's wing structure is far more adaptable. With the exception of a small skin membrane extending between the "hand" and the body, it resembles a human arm and hand in almost every way.
What purpose does a bat arm serve?Although the bones in these organisms are all of the same fundamental sorts, they have been changed to serve various purposes. Humans utilize their forearms to play the piano, swing a baseball bat, and reach out and pick up objects. Birds and bats can fly thanks to the development of wings on their forearms.
How do a bat's wing and a human arm compare?Like human hands, each wing contains a thumb and four fingers. Bats are classified as mammals. Chiroptera is Latin for "hand wing." Sometimes, bats scoop food into their mouths using their wings much like we do with our hands.
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Members of this group of microbes can break down glycogen deposited in the vaginal lining in response to estrogen. This helps to drop the pH in the area, preventing infections.
Archaea are organisms that thrive in anaerobic conditions containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Archaea are obligate anaerobes that thrive in low-oxygen settings and glycogen breaking.
The glycogen that is deposited in the vaginal lining in response to estrogen can be broken down by this group of microorganisms. By lowering the pH there, this helps to guard against diseases. Single-celled microbes called archaea have a similar structure to bacteria. They make up the third domain of life and are unique from bacteria and eukaryotes in terms of evolution. Examples of archaebacteria include methanogens, which create methane, halophiles, which can live in excessively salty settings, and thermophiles, which can live in extremely hot situations.
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what are friendly bacteria that aid with the body's biological functions, such as digestion? resident bacteria protozoans viruses fungi
Friendly bacteria that aid with the body's biological functions, such as digestion are known as Resident bacteria.
The Resident bacteria help keep the digestive system in working order and keep harmful bacteria from moving in. It provides essential capacities for the fermentation of non-digestible substrates like dietary fibres and endogenous intestinal mucus. This fermentation supports the growth of specialist microbes that produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and gases. It dysbiosis probably promotes diet induced obesity and metabolic complications by a variety of mechanisms including immune dysregulation, altered energy regulation, altered gut hormone regulation, and proinflammatory mechanisms
Along with bacteria, other microorganisms are also present in the gut that promote digestion.The collective name for all the kinds of microorganisms that typically live in the gut is the gut microbiota.
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Which of the following is not true for enzymes?
a. Enzymes lower the activation energy barrier of a reaction.
b. Enzymes are made up of proteins.
c. Enzymes are used up in reactions.
d. Enzymes can be affected by changes in temperature.
e. Enzymes contain an active site.
Enzymes are used up in reactions. This is not true for enzymes.
Enzymes are proteins that aid in the speeding up of metabolism, or the chemical reactions that occur in our bodies. Some substances are created while others are destroyed. Enzymes are found in all living things. Our bodies naturally produce enzymes.
According to the International Union of Biochemists (IUB), enzymes are classified into six functional classes based on the type of reaction they catalyze. Hydrolases, oxidoreductases, lyases, transferases, ligases, and isomerases are the six types of enzymes.
Enzymes are proteins that aid in the speeding up of metabolism, or the chemical reactions that occur in our bodies. Some substances are created while others are destroyed. Enzymes are found in all living things. Our bodies naturally produce enzymes.
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suppose friendly ants fed on sugary droplets excreted from a caterpillar, but did nothing to help the caterpillar. assuming that taking the sugar does not hurt the caterpillar, what type of symbiotic relationship is this?
This is a symbiotic partnership of the commercial kind. When two organisms of different species operate together, they are said to be in a mutualistic relationship since they both gain from it.
What is an illustration of reciprocity?An illustration of a mutualistic relationship is the one between an animal called an oxpecker and a rhinoceros or zebra. Ticks and other skin-living parasites are eaten by oxpeckers when they settle on rhinos or zebras. The oxpeckers are fed, and the animals are protected from pests.
What does a mutualistic symbiosis look like in practice?In the warm waters of the Pacific or Indian Oceans, we would most certainly see a wonderful illustration of mutualism: the connection between water life and clownfish anemones. The mutualistic relationship is advantageous to both species. Living affixed to coral reef surfaces are sea anemones.
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How can I lower my eye pressure?
You can lower your eye pressure by following ways Eat a healthy diet. Eating a healthy diet can help you maintain your health, but it won't prevent glaucoma from worsening.
What causes the pressure in your eyes to be high?Elevated eye pressure happens as the result of a buildup of fluid that flows throughout the inside of the eye. This fluid also is known as the aqueous humor. It usually drains through a tissue located at the angle where the iris and cornea meet. This tissue also is called the trabecular meshwork.
Symptoms of High Eye Pressure:-Pain inside and around the eye, Blurred vision, Blind spots in the visual field, Red eyes, Irritation and discomfort to the eyes, Headaches.
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Openings of _______ are visible in the left atrium.
Openings of Pulmonary veins are visible in the left atrium.
One of the four heart chambers, the left atrium is situated on the posterior left side. Its main purposes are to act as a storage chamber for blood returning from the lungs and to act as a pump to move blood to other parts of the heart.
The following are the openings in the left atrium:
Its rear wall contains four pulmonary vein openings, two on each side, without valves.
Several tiny vena cordis minima apertures.
Atrioventricular orifice on the left. The mitral valve protects it.
Four pulmonary veins—left and right superior and inferior on both sides—carry blood inside. After that, the blood exits the left ventricle through the mitral valve and the left atrioventricular orifice. The left atrium houses the anterior and posterior leaflets of the bicuspid mitral valve.
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Why is monggo called Friday?
Answer: High in protein and fiber but low in calories or carbohydrates and it is also called poor man's meat .
Explanation: Every Friday is the most common meal among the Filipinos and it is being rich in protein ,The nitrogen fixing bacteria in its roots can help restore the fertility of the soil thus it is great as rotational crop .its a great thing that monggo ,as a produce ,is also easy to grow and quite tolerant to drought and it also helpful for the pregnant ladies since it helps to promote the development of baby's nervous system and discriminates the disabilities of growth .
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