The TRS is 3/2 * (y/x)^(2/3).The technical rate of substitution in this production function is not constant but depends on the input quantities.
The technical rate of substitution (TRS) measures the rate at which one input can be replaced by another input while holding the level of output constant. In the case of the production function f(x) = x^(1/2) * y^(1/3), the TRS is given by the marginal product of labor (MPL) divided by the marginal product of capital (MPK). Therefore, TRS = MPL / MPK.
Taking the first partial derivative of the production function with respect to x, we get MPL = 1/2 * x^(-1/2) * y^(1/3). Similarly, the marginal product of capital is given by MPK = 1/3 * x^(1/2) * y^(-2/3).
Therefore, the TRS is TRS = MPL / MPK = [(1/2 * x^(-1/2) * y^(1/3)) / (1/3 * x^(1/2) * y^(-2/3))] = 3/2 * (y/x)^(2/3).
The technical rate of substitution in this production function is not constant but depends on the input quantities. It is greater than one, and it indicates that an increase in labor can substitute for an increase in capital; however, as the ratio of capital to labor increases, the TRS decreases. This nonlinear feature of the TRS is characteristic of a production function with different elasticity of substitution between inputs. The results of the TRS depend on the assumptions of the production function and the context of the problem.
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Boyle Corporation had the following comparative current assets and current liabilities:
Dec. 31, 2021 Dec. 31, 2020
Current assets
Cash $ 30,000 $ 30,000
Short-term investments 40,000 10,000
Accounts receivable 55,000 95,000
Inventory 110,000 90,000
Prepaid expenses 35,000 20,000
Total current assets $270,000 $245,000
Current liabilities
Accounts payable $120,000 $110,000
Salaries payable 40,000 30,000
Income tax payable 20,000 15,000
Total current liabilities $180,000 $155,000
During 2021, credit sales and cost of goods sold were $450,000 and $250,000, respectively.
Instructions
Compute the following liquidity measures for 2021:
1. Current ratio.
2. Working capital.
3. Acid-test ratio.
4. Receivables turnover.
5. Inventory turnover.
Boyle Corporation had the following comparative current assets and current liabilities:
Dec. 31, 2021 Dec. 31, 2020
Current assets
Cash $ 30,000 $ 30,000
Short-term investments 40,000 10,000
Accounts receivable 55,000 95,000
Inventory 110,000 90,000
Prepaid expenses 35,000 20,000
Total current assets $270,000 $245,000
Current liabilities
Accounts payable $120,000 $110,000
Salaries payable 40,000 30,000
Income tax payable 20,000 15,000
Total current liabilities $180,000 $155,000
During 2021, credit sales and cost of goods sold were $450,000 and $250,000, respectively.
Instructions
Compute the following liquidity measures for 2021:
1. Current ratio.
2. Working capital.
3. Acid-test ratio.
4. Receivables turnover.
5. Inventory turnover.
Liquidity measures for Boyle Corporation in 2021 is Current ratio: 1.5, Working capital: $90,000, Acid-test ratio: 0.69, Receivables turnover: 6 and Inventory turnover: 2.5.
To compute the liquidity measures for 2021:
1. Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities
= $270,000 / $180,000
= 1.5
2. Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities
= $270,000 - $180,000
= $90,000
3. Acid-Test Ratio = (Current Assets - Inventory - Prepaid expense) / Current Liabilities
= ($270,000 - $110,000 - $35,000) / $180,000
= 0.69
4. Receivables Turnover = Credit Sales / Average Accounts Receivable
= $450,000 / $75,000
= 6
5. Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory
= $250,000 / $100,000
= 2.5
Therefore, the liquidity measures for Boyle Corporation in 2021 are as follows:
1. Current ratio: 1.5
2. Working capital: $90,000
3. Acid-test ratio: 0.69
4. Receivables turnover: 6
5. Inventory turnover: 2.5
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All file types When a holding company wields a controlling interest in the subsidiary company? Explain the process of consolidation with hypothetical examples
The consolidated financial statements of the holding company and the subsidiary would reflect the figures shown in the explanation below, providing a comprehensive view of their combined financial position and performance.
Consolidation processThe process of consolidation involves several steps:
Preparation of Individual Financial Statements: Both the holding company and the subsidiary prepare their individual financial statements, including the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. Adjustments for Intercompany Transactions: Intercompany transactions refer to the financial transactions that occur between the holding company and the subsidiary. These transactions need to be eliminated or adjusted to avoid double counting.Calculation of Non-controlling Interest: Non-controlling interest (also known as minority interest) represents the portion of the subsidiary's equity that is not owned by the holding company. It is necessary to calculate the non-controlling interest to accurately reflect the subsidiary's ownership structure.Consolidation of Financial Statements: Once the adjustments for intercompany transactions and calculation of non-controlling interest are complete, the financial statements of the holding company and the subsidiary are consolidated.Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements: The consolidated financial statements include a consolidated balance sheet, consolidated income statement, and consolidated cash flow statement.An hypothetical example to illustrate the consolidation process:
Holding Company (H) owns 100% of Subsidiary Company (S).
Holding Company Financial Statements:
Total Assets: $1,000,000Total Liabilities: $500,000Total Equity: $500,000Subsidiary Company Financial Statements:
Total Assets: $500,000Total Liabilities: $250,000Total Equity: $250,000Adjustments:
Intercompany revenue from H to S: $100,000Intercompany expense from S to H: $50,000Calculation of Non-controlling Interest:
H owns 100% of S, so there is no non-controlling interest.Consolidation:
Intercompany revenue and expense are eliminated.Total Assets: $1,500,000 ($1,000,000 + $500,000)Total Liabilities: $750,000 ($500,000 + $250,000)Total Equity: $750,000 ($500,000 + $250,000)Learn more on consolidation process here https://brainly.com/question/31166351
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The annual demand for and supply of shekels in the foreign exchange market is given as:
Demand = 30,000 − 8,000e
Supply = 25,000 + 12,000e
Where the nominal exchange rate (e) is expressed as U.S. dollars per shekel. The shekel is fixed at 0.30 dollars per shekel. The country’s international reserves are $600. Foreign financial investors hold checking accounts in the country in the amount of 5,000 shekels.
A. Suppose that foreign financial investors do not fear a devaluation of the shekel, and thus do not convert their shekel checking accounts into dollars.
After one year, the value of the country’s international reserves is , which means that the country (doesn't want to / must not / can / cannot) maintain its fixed value of 0.30 U.S. dollars per shekel.
B. Now suppose that foreign financial investors come to expect a possible devaluation of the shekel to 0.25 U.S. dollars.
In regards to whether this possibility should worry them or not, which of the following statements is correct:
multiple choice:
a. This possibility should not worry them, as a depreciation of the shekel would mean that the shekel would suddenly become worth more in terms of other currencies.
b. This possibility should not worry them, as the nation can always print additional shekels to avoid a depreciation of the shekel.
c. This possibility should worry them, as a depreciation of the shekel would mean that the shekel would suddenly become worth less in terms of other currencies.
d. This possibility should worry them, as a devaluation of the shekel to 0.25 U.S. dollars, would put the official value of the shekel below its fundamental or equilibrium value.
C. In response to their concern about devaluation, foreign financial investors withdraw all funds from their checking accounts and attempt to convert those shekels into dollars.
Converting all funds in the checking from shekels into dollars would require international reserves of $ , which means that the country (might be able to / can / cannot / doesn't want to) maintain its fixed value of 0.30 U.S. dollars per shekel for this year.
D. Which of the following statements is correct in regards to whether the foreign investors’ forecast of devaluation can be considered a "self-fulfilling prophecy" or not:
multiple choice:
a. As the government purposefully set the official exchange rate to something other than the fundamental value, the actions of the government can be said to serve as a "self-fulfilling prophecy."
b. Since official exchange rates are set and maintained by the government, the actions of international investors are of little concern and cannot be said to be a "self-fulfilling prophecy."
c. Since fear of devaluation among the investors was enough to cause an actual devaluation, this can be considered a "self-fulfilling prophecy."
d. Since the forecast of a possible devaluation of the shekel could just as likely be correct as it could be incorrect, the actions of international investors cannot be said to be a "self-fulfilling prophecy."
Suppose that foreign financial investors do not fear a devaluation of the shekel, and thus do not convert their shekel checking accounts into dollars. After one year, the value of the country’s international reserves is $0, which means that the country cannot maintain its fixed value of 0.30 U.S. dollars per shekel. B. Now suppose that foreign financial investors come to expect a possible devaluation of the shekel to 0.25 U.S. dollars.
In regards to whether this possibility should worry them or not, the statement "This possibility should worry them, as a depreciation of the shekel would mean that the shekel would suddenly become worth less in terms of other currencies" is correct. C. In response to their concern about devaluation, foreign financial investors withdraw all funds from their checking accounts and attempt to convert those shekels into dollars. Converting all funds in the checking from shekels into dollars would require international reserves of $1,000, which means that the country cannot maintain its fixed value of 0.30 U.S. dollars per shekel for this year.
The statement "Since fear of devaluation among the investors was enough to cause an actual devaluation, this can be considered a 'self-fulfilling prophecy.'" is correct in regards to whether the foreign investors’ forecast of devaluation can be considered a "self-fulfilling prophecy" or not. Here is the explanation: Part A The demand for shekel is Demand = 30,000 − 8,000e= 30,000 - 8,000(0.3)= 27,600And, the supply of shekel is Supply = 25,000 + 12,000e= 25,000 + 12,000(0.3)= 28,600Thus, there is an excess supply of shekels i.e., 28,600 - 27,600 = 1,000.The government will have to buy $300 worth of shekels to maintain the peg. However, since the country’s international reserves are only $600, the value of the country’s international reserves will be $0.Part B If foreign financial investors come to expect a possible devaluation of the shekel to 0.25 U.S. dollars, then this possibility should worry them, as a depreciation of the shekel would mean that the shekel would suddenly become worth less in terms of other currencies. Part C Foreign financial investors withdraw all funds from their checking accounts and attempt to convert those shekels into dollars. Converting all funds in the checking from shekels into dollars would require international reserves of $1,000, which means that the country cannot maintain its fixed value of 0.30 U.S. dollars per shekel for this year. Part D Since fear of devaluation among the investors was enough to cause an actual devaluation, this can be considered a "self-fulfilling prophecy."
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In a modern family life cycle, which of this are not a influencer? a. young divorce with children b. older unmarried C. Middle age married with pets O d. young divorce without children
In the modern family life cycle young divorce with children Therefore the correct option is A
While they may still be involved in their family and have relationships with siblings, nieces, and nephews, they may not have the same level of responsibility or influence in decision-making processes within the family. On the other hand, young divorcees with or without children and middle-aged married couples with pets are likely to face various challenges
that can affect their family dynamics and decision-making. These challenges may include financial, emotional, and logistical issues that can impact their relationships and priorities.
Hence the correct option is A
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An online toy store follows five steps to prepare customers' orders for delivery. Specify the part of the standing plan that the statement represents.
The part of the standing plan that represents the statement is 'procedure.
Standing plans are managerial techniques that are utilized to increase the operational efficiency of the company. These plans provide a framework for decision-making that allows a company to adapt quickly to changes and respond to customer needs more efficiently.
The Standing plans can be classified into three categories: Procedures, policies, and rules. These three types of standing plans differ based on their level of specificity. Below are the details of the 3 types of Standing Plans:
Procedures - A procedure is a systematic method of performing tasks that guides the behavior of the organization's members. It's a detailed plan of action to ensure that the work is done correctly. Procedures detail how tasks are done, who does them, and in what order. They are especially helpful for tasks that are done regularly and require a set of precise steps to be followed.
Policies - Policies are a set of rules and regulations that guide the behavior of an organization's members. Policies provide a framework for decision-making that allows the organization to adapt quickly to changes and respond to customer needs more efficiently. They are general guidelines that specify how the organization should operate.
Rules - A rule is a specific guideline that outlines what an organization's members are allowed or not allowed to do. They are very specific and leave little room for interpretation. Rules are the most detailed of the three types of standing plans.
Therefore, An online toy store follows five steps to prepare customers' orders for delivery. The part of the standing plan that the statement represents is "Procedure."
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In your accounting position at Global Tracking Inc. a company that sells a real-time tracking bracelet that tracks patients and nurses in different healthcare environments using GPS technology, you ha
To evaluate Global Tracking Inc.'s financial performance, you would review financial statements, calculate financial ratios, conduct comparative analysis, and consider qualitative factors.
To evaluate the financial performance of Global Tracking Inc., as an accountant, you would review key financial statements such as the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. Additionally, you would calculate relevant financial ratios including profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, and efficiency ratios. Comparative analysis against industry benchmarks or competitors, cash flow analysis, trend analysis, risk assessment, and considering qualitative factors would provide a comprehensive understanding of the company's financial health.
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--The complete question is, In your accounting position at Global Tracking Inc., a company that sells a real-time tracking bracelet that tracks patients and nurses in different healthcare environments using GPS technology, you have been assigned to analyze the financial performance of the company. Provide a detailed explanation of how you would evaluate the company's financial performance, including the key financial statements you would review, the relevant financial ratios you would calculate, and any additional financial analysis techniques you would employ to gain a comprehensive understanding of Global Tracking Inc.'s financial health.--
A firm is expected to pay a dividend next year of $2.50 per share, the growth rate for dividends is expected to be 3% forever, and investors have a required return of 14%. What is market price of the shares today?
Select one:
a. $17.86
b. $23.41
c. $18.39
d. $22.73
To determine the market price of the shares today, we can use the Gordon Growth Model, also known as the Dividend Discount Model (DDM). The formula for the Gordon Growth Model is:
Market Price = Dividend / (Required Return - Dividend Growth Rate)
In this case, the expected dividend next year is $2.50 per share, the dividend growth rate is 3%, and the required return is 14%.
Substituting these values into the formula, we have:
Market Price = $2.50 / (0.14 - 0.03) = $2.50 / 0.11 = $22.73
Therefore, the market price of the shares today is $22.73.
The correct answer is (d) $22.73.
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Effective performance measures have all the following characteristics EXCEPT
The effective performance measures have all the following characteristics except B. inaccuracy.
Effective performance measures have all the following characteristics measurable, actionable, attainable, relevant, timely, meaningful and valid. They are used to evaluate an organization's goals and objectives and to track progress towards achieving them. Effective performance measures should be quantifiable, actionable, achievable, relevant, and timely.
They are designed to provide feedback on how well an organization is performing and to identify areas that need improvement to enhance productivity and profitability. The accuracy of the performance measures is the most important characteristic, and it must be ensured that they are reliable and precise in order to provide the necessary data for decision-making. Therefore the answer is that effective performance measures do not include inaccuracy. So the correct answer is B. innacuracy.
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When the price of oil fell in 2014 and 2015, ExxonMobil’s stock
price dropped in the expectation that earnings would also
eventually fall. The P/E ratio was below 10 for some time. Please
visit yaho
In 2014 and 2015, ExxonMobil's stock price fell because the price of oil fell, and there was an expectation that earnings would eventually fall.
The P/E ratio was below 10 for some time. In this scenario, the company's earnings were affected due to the fall in the price of oil. Hence, it can be concluded that ExxonMobil's earnings were negatively affected due to the fall in the price of oil in 2014 and 2015.
The P/E ratio is the price-to-earnings ratio, which is a valuation ratio that compares a company's current share price to its earnings per share (EPS). It is a measure of a company's current share price relative to its earnings per share.
If a company's P/E ratio is low, it indicates that the market has a negative outlook on the company's earnings potential, and its stock may be undervalued.
In the case of ExxonMobil, the low P/E ratio reflected the market's expectation that the company's earnings would eventually fall due to the fall in the price of oil.
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Denny Corporation considering replacing technologically obsolete mace with a new state of the at nunencary contred machee the newn the new machine would have no savage value. The new machine would cos
Denny Corporation is considering replacing its technologically obsolete machine with a new state-of-the-art nunencary contred machine. The new machine would have no salvage value and would cost $500,000. The old machine has a book value of $100,000 and a remaining useful life of five years. The new machine would increase the annual net income by $150,000 and reduce the annual operating expenses by $50,000. Denny Corporation uses straight-line depreciation and has a 40% tax rate.
About TaxTax are mandatory contributions to the state owed by individuals or entities that are coercive based on the law, by not getting compensation directly and used for the needs of the state for the greatest prosperity of the people.
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You must evaluate a proposal to buy a new milling machine. The
purchase price of the milling machine, including shipping and
installation costs, is $175,000, and the equipment will be fully
depreciate
The purchase price of the milling machine, including shipping and installation costs, is $175,000. The useful life of the milling machine is five years. The company's cost of capital is 12%. The milling machine will replace an old milling machine that is fully depreciated and has no resale value.
In evaluating the purchase of a new milling machine, one approach is to estimate the present value of the cash flows associated with the machine. The cost of the machine is $175,000, and it will have a useful life of five years. Straight-line depreciation will be used, so the annual depreciation expense will be $35,000. Because the old machine is fully depreciated and has no salvage value, there will be no book gain or loss on its disposal.
The new machine will increase revenue by $95,000 per year and reduce annual operating costs by $30,000. The tax rate is 35%.The purchase of the new milling machine has an estimated NPV of $18,697, indicating that the investment will be profitable for the company. Because the NPV is greater than zero, the investment will generate a return that is greater than the company's cost of capital. When assessing whether to buy a new milling machine or not, one can use several approaches, one of which is estimating the present value of the cash flows related to the machine. In this scenario, the purchase price of the milling machine, including shipping and installation costs, is $175,000, and it will have a useful life of five years. Straight-line depreciation will be used, so the annual depreciation expense will be $35,000. The old machine is fully depreciated and has no salvage value, so there will be no book gain or loss on its disposal. The new machine will increase revenue by $95,000 per year and reduce annual operating costs by $30,000. The tax rate is 35%. The cost of the machine is $175,000. To compute the NPV, the cash flows were discounted using the company's cost of capital, which is 12%.The NPV of the purchase of the new milling machine is $18,697, indicating that the investment will be profitable for the company. A positive NPV implies that the investment will generate a return greater than the cost of capital. Therefore, it is recommended that the company invest in the new milling machine as the NPV is greater than zero.
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Question 7 2 F According to Ferdinand de Saussure, which concept best characterizes the relation between the signifier and signified? O difference O linear O arbitrary O associative
According to Ferdinand de Saussure, the concept that best characterizes the relation between the signifier and signified is "arbitrary."
Saussure argued that there is no inherent or necessary connection between the sound/image (signifier) and the concept/meaning (signified) it represents. The relationship between the signifier and signified is arbitrary, meaning that it is based on convention and social agreement rather than any natural or logical connection.In Saussure's view, the choice of a particular signifier to represent a specific signified is determined by the linguistic community's collective agreement and usage.
For example, the English word "dog" and the French word "chien" both refer to the same concept, but there is no inherent reason why the sound "d-o-g" or the sound "sh-y-a-n" should be associated with that concept. The connection between the signifier and signified is established through social and cultural practices, which can vary across different languages and communities.
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ABC Co. sells lawn ornaments for 15 each. ABC's contribution margin ratio is 40%. Fixed costs are 32,000. Should fixed costs increase by 30%, how many additional units will ABC have to produce and sell in order to generate the same net profit as under the current conditions?
A. 1,600
B. 5,333
C. 6,933
D. 1,067
E. None of the above
1,600 additional units will ABC have to produce and sell to generate the same net profit as under the current conditions. Option A is correct.
Given data:
Contribution margin ratio = 40%,
Fixed costs = 32,000
lawn sells each ornament for = $15
From the given data we can say that for every dollar of sales, 40 cents goes towards covering fixed costs and generating profit.
Contribution margin per unit = Contribution margin ratio × each unit selling price
= 0.4 × 15
= $6.
Currently, ABC Co. needs to sell enough units to cover its fixed costs of $32,000 before it can start generating profit.
The number of units that need to sell before it can start generating profit = Fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit
= 32,000 / 6
= 5,333 units
If fixed costs increase by 30%,
The new fixed cost = Fixed costs × (100% + 30%)
= 32,000 × 130%
= $41,600.
To generate the same net profit as under the current conditions, ABC Co. will need to sell enough units to cover the increased fixed costs.
No of units need to sell = new fixed cost / Contribution margin per unit
= 41,600 / 6
= 6,933 units.
The total No of additional units that need to produce and sell is = No of units that need after increased fixed cost - No of units needs to sell before increased cost
= 6,933 - 5,333
= 1,600 units
Therefore, To generate the same net profit as under the current conditions ABC Co. will need to produce and sell an additional 1,600 units
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Salle Appliance provides repair work on household appliances. Salle Appliance charges customers for labor on each job at a rate of $89 per hour. The labor rate is high enough to cover actual technician wages of $27 per hour, to cover shop overhead (allocated at a cost of $14 per hour) and to provide profit. The company charges customers "at cost" for parts and materials. A recent customer job consisted of $45 in parts and materials and 8 hours of technician time. 1) What was Salle Appliance's cost for the job? (Include shop overhead on the cost calculation.) 2) How much was charged to the customer for this repair job?
Salle Appliance's cost for the job was $247. This includes $45 in parts and materials, $27 per hour in technician wages for 8 hours, and $14 per hour in shop overhead for 8 hours.
The customer was charged $332 for the repair job. This includes the $247 cost to Salle Appliance plus a $85 profit margin
How to solveParts and materials: $45
Technician wages: $27/hour * 8 hours = $216
Shop overhead: $14/hour * 8 hours = $112
Total cost: $45 + $216 + $112 = $273
Salle Appliance's cost: $247
Customer charge: $332
Salle Appliance's cost for the job was $247. This includes $45 in parts and materials, $27 per hour in technician wages for 8 hours, and $14 per hour in shop overhead for 8 hours.
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Perform a break-even analysis for the following scenario. Assume you sell toys. You have annual rent costs of $8,800. Your manufacturing and shipping of each toy costs $2. You sell each toy for $12. Please answer four questions according to the given information above: Question 1: list and calculate the three financial elements of break-even analysis in this scenario. Question 2: What is your break-even point? Question 3: If you sell 2000 toys, how much is your net profit? Question 4: If you have to pay sales tax (suppose sales tax is 10% of sales revenue), so then what is your new break-even point?
The break-even analysis is an essential aspect of business financial planning. It is a simple tool that helps a company to determine the number of products it must sell to break even. In this scenario, we are assuming that you are selling toys. Your annual rent costs are $8,800, and you sell each toy for $12.
Your manufacturing and shipping of each toy cost $2. We will now analyze the break-even analysis according to the given information above. Question 1: List and calculate the three financial elements of break-even analysis in this scenario. The three financial elements of break-even analysis are: Fixed costs Variable costs Revenue Fixed costs = $8,800Variable costs = $2Revenue = $12Question
2:The formula to calculate break-even point is Break-even point = Fixed costs / (Selling price - Variable cost)Substituting the values, Break-even point = $8,800 / ($12 - $2) Break-even point = $8,800 / $10 Break-even point = 880 toys
3: The formula to calculate net profit is Net Profit = (Revenue * Units Sold) - (Variable Cost * Units Sold) - Fixed Costs Substituting the values, Net Profit = ($12 * 2000) - ($2 * 2000) - $8,800 Net Profit = $24,000 - $4,000 - $8,800 Net Profit = $11,200Question
4: Since sales tax is calculated as a percentage of sales revenue, it is a variable cost. The formula to calculate the new break-even point is: Break-even point = Fixed costs / (Selling price - Variable cost per unit)Here, the selling price of the toy is $12, and the variable cost of the toy is $2. Since the sales tax is 10%, the variable cost per unit will be 10% of the selling price. Therefore, the variable cost per unit will be $1.2. The new break-even point is calculated as follows: Break-even point = $8,800 / ($12 - $2 - $1.2) Break-even point = $8,800 / $8.8 Break-even point = 1000 toys Thus, the new break-even point is 1000 toys.
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How are both the real interest rate, r, and the real exchange
rate, Q, actually determined?
Both the real interest rate (r) and the real exchange rate (Q) are determined by the interaction of supply and demand in their respective markets.
The real interest rate (r) is determined by the interaction of the demand for and supply of loanable funds in the financial market. The demand for loanable funds comes from borrowers (such as individuals, businesses, or governments) seeking to invest or finance expenditures. The supply of loanable funds comes from savers (such as households or financial institutions) who provide their savings for lending. The equilibrium real interest rate is determined by the point where the demand for and supply of loanable funds intersect.
The real exchange rate (Q) is determined by the interaction of the demand for and supply of currencies in the foreign exchange market. The demand for a currency comes from individuals, firms, or governments seeking to purchase goods, services, or financial assets denominated in that currency. The supply of a currency comes from individuals, firms, or governments looking to sell goods, services, or financial assets denominated in that currency. The equilibrium real exchange rate is determined by the point where the demand for and supply of currencies intersect.
Both r and Q are influenced by various factors such as inflation, monetary policy, fiscal policy, economic growth, and market expectations. Changes in these factors can shift the supply and demand curves for loanable funds and currencies, leading to changes in the equilibrium levels of r and Q.
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Explain how the Bank of Canada fights inflation. In your answer, be sure to address the impact of monetary policy on all components of AD except for G.
The Bank of Canada fights inflation using monetary policy. Monetary policy is a method employed by the central bank or monetary authority of a country to regulate the supply of money and interest rates in order to achieve economic goals such as full employment, stable inflation, and economic growth.
Inflation targeting is the primary monetary policy of the Bank of Canada. The Bank of Canada uses monetary policy tools, such as interest rates, to maintain a target inflation rate of 2 percent. This means that the Bank of Canada adjusts the money supply in response to changes in the economy. When inflation is higher than the target rate, the Bank of Canada raises interest rates, reducing the amount of money available for borrowing and spending, which reduces aggregate demand.
On the other hand, when inflation is lower than the target rate, the Bank of Canada reduces interest rates, increasing the amount of money available for borrowing and spending, which increases aggregate demand. Inflation has an impact on all components of AD except for G. The components of AD are C (consumption), I (investment), G (government spending), and NX (net exports). The impact of inflation on consumption is that it reduces the purchasing power of money, making consumers feel poorer and less willing to spend.
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Queen & Ace Games (Q&A Games) runs its business from January 1 to December 31 (year-end). On January 1, 2020, Q&A Games pays $12,000 for a one-year insurance policy that covers January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. Record the journal entries for the following: 1. Record the initial entry on January 1, 2020, when Q&A Games pays for the insurance policy.
Journal entries:1On January 1, 2020, the journal entry made to record the payment for the one-year insurance policy is :Date Account Titles Debit Credit January 1, 2020Prepaid Insurance12,000Cash12,000.
Explanation:As per the question, the Q&A Games pays $12,000 for a one-year insurance policy that covers January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020.The payment made for the one-year insurance policy is considered as prepaid expenses. Hence, the prepaid insurance account is debited for $12,000. At the same time, the Cash account is credited for the same amount of $12,000. This is because the insurance premium has already been paid in cash and recorded in the books of Q&A Games.
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True or False: The advent of synthetic rubber brought
about the end of the Congo "Free" State.
The advent of synthetic rubber brought about the end of the Congo "Free" State. The statement is True.
The Congo "Free" State was a private project of King Leopold II of Belgium from 1885 to 1908. Leopold II ruled the Congo with an iron fist, and the people of the Congo were subjected to horrific abuses.
The rubber industry was the main source of income for the Congo "Free" State, and the people of the Congo were forced to work long hours in terrible conditions to produce rubber.
Many people died as a result of the forced labor, and the Congo "Free" State became known as a "heart of darkness."
The advent of synthetic rubber in the early 1900s led to a decline in the demand for natural rubber. This led to a decline in the income of the Congo "Free" State, and Leopold II was forced to give up control of the Congo to the Belgian government in 1908.
The Congo became a colony of Belgium, and the people of the Congo were finally freed from the abuses of Leopold II.
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Mcdonald’s, a big burger joint, is charging $6 for its very famous Big Mac hamburger and selling around 20 million Big Mac in a year in Australia.
Suppose Mcdonald’s increases the price of its Big Mac to $6.50. Consequently, quantity sold of the Big Mac falls to 17 million. How much revenue will Mcdonald’s gain? What can you infer about the price elasticity of demand (PED) for Mcdonald’s Big Mac? Assume in an alternative scenario, the increase in the price of Big Mac to $ 6.5 reduces its quantity sold to 19 million. How much revenue will Mcdonald’s gain now? What can you conclude about the PED now?
Given the two scenarios presented in part a, which one do you think is more likely and why? Present evidence in 100 words or less to support your prediction.
Suppose Mcdonals’s Big Mac and movie tickets have negative cross price elasticity of - 0.8. What does this number tell us on the relationship between the Big Mac and movie tickets? Suppose, The Village Cinemas, Australia’s leading cinema exhibitor, decides to increase the price of its movie tickets by 10%. How will this development affect McDonald’s pricing decisions as indicated in part (a)? Discuss both the scenarios (as presented in part (a)) in 200 or less words.
If Mcdonald's increases the price of the Big Mac from $6 to $6.50, the quantity sold of the Big Mac will fall to 17 million. The revenue gained by Mcdonald’s will be $110 million. Therefore, it can be inferred that the price elasticity of demand (PED) for Mcdonald’s Big Mac is elastic, indicating that a small increase in price results in a significant decrease in demand.
When the price of the Big Mac is increased from $6 to $6.50, the quantity sold of the Big Mac decreases from 20 million to 17 million. So, the percentage decrease in quantity sold is (17-20)/20 ×100 = -15%. Moreover, the price increase is (6.5-6)/6 ×100 = 8.3%. Therefore, PED = % change in quantity demanded / % change in price = -15% / 8.3% = -1.8.
As PED is greater than 1, it is concluded that the Big Mac is price elastic. In the alternative scenario, if the price increase of the Big Mac to $6.50 reduces its quantity sold to 19 million, the revenue gained by Mcdonald’s will be $123.5 million. PED = (19-20)/20 ×100 / (6.5-6)/6 ×100 = -7.7 / 8.3 = -0.93. As PED is less than 1, it can be inferred that the Big Mac is now less elastic and more inelastic. Thus, when the price of the Big Mac increases to $6.50, the revenue is expected to fall.
Given the two scenarios, the first scenario is more likely to happen as it follows the law of demand. When the price of the product is increased, there is a fall in the quantity demanded of the product. The evidence suggests that when the price of the Big Mac is increased from $6 to $6.50, the quantity sold of the Big Mac decreases from 20 million to 17 million. This provides evidence that a price increase results in a decrease in demand.
When The Village Cinemas, Australia's leading cinema exhibitor, decides to increase the price of its movie tickets by 10%, it is expected that the demand for movie tickets will decrease, leading to a decrease in revenue. As Mcdonald’s Big Mac and movie tickets have negative cross-price elasticity of -0.8, an increase in the price of the movie ticket will result in an increase in the demand for the Big Mac.
Thus, Mcdonald's may increase the price of the Big Mac to take advantage of the increase in demand. In both scenarios, Mcdonald's must decide whether to increase the price of the Big Mac to take advantage of the increase in demand or reduce the price to increase demand.
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a. Distinguish positive externalities and negative externalities with relevant practical examples
b. There are three different ways of correcting market failures namely (a) an emissions fee, (b) an emissions standard, and (c) a system of transferable emissions permits. Compare and contrast them for treating pollution externalities when the costs and benefits of abatement are uncertain
While the emissions fee internalizes the external costs directly, the emissions standard provides certainty in terms of environmental outcomes, and the system of transferable emissions permits introduces market flexibility. The choice among these approaches depends on factors such as the degree of uncertainty, transaction costs, administrative feasibility, and policy goals.
a. Positive externalities and negative externalities are two types of external effects generated by the production or consumption of goods or services.
Positive externalities refer to the benefits that spill over to third parties who are not directly involved in the economic transaction. These externalities are considered beneficial to society as a whole. Here are some examples:
1. Vaccinations: When individuals receive vaccinations, they not only protect themselves from diseases but also contribute to the overall health and well-being of the community. The positive externality is the reduced risk of disease transmission to others.
2. Education: A well-educated population benefits society by fostering innovation, economic growth, and social cohesion. The positive externality arises when an individual's education enhances their productivity and generates positive spill-over effects on others' productivity.
Negative externalities, on the other hand, refer to the costs or harms imposed on third parties as a result of production or consumption activities. These externalities are considered detrimental to society. Here are a couple of examples:
1. Air pollution from factories: When factories emit pollutants into the air, the surrounding communities may suffer from health issues and reduced quality of life. The negative externality is the adverse impact on the health and well-being of individuals who are not involved in the production process.
2. Noise pollution from construction: Construction activities that generate excessive noise can disturb nearby residents, affecting their peace and quality of life. The negative externality is the annoyance and disruption caused to individuals not directly involved in the construction project.
b. When the costs and benefits of pollution abatement are uncertain, different approaches can be used to correct market failures:
1. Emissions fee (also known as a Pigouvian tax): This approach involves imposing a tax on each unit of pollution emitted. The tax is set based on the estimated social cost of pollution. By increasing the cost of pollution, it incentivizes firms to reduce emissions. The revenue generated from the tax can be used for environmental conservation efforts or to compensate affected parties. The emissions fee provides a clear economic incentive for firms to internalize the external costs associated with pollution.
2. Emissions standard (command-and-control regulation): This approach sets a specific limit on the amount of pollution allowed. Firms must comply with the set standard by implementing pollution control technologies or practices. Unlike the emissions fee, the standard does not directly link the abatement effort to the marginal costs and benefits. It can lead to firms incurring higher costs to meet the standard, regardless of their individual cost structures. However, it provides certainty in terms of environmental outcomes and may be easier to enforce.
3. System of transferable emissions permits (cap-and-trade): Under this approach, a government sets a total limit (cap) on pollution emissions and then allocates tradable permits to firms. Each permit allows the holder to emit a certain amount of pollution. Firms can buy or sell permits based on their individual needs. This system introduces market mechanisms by allowing firms with lower abatement costs to sell their excess permits to those with higher abatement costs. It provides flexibility and incentivizes cost-effective pollution reduction. However, the uncertainty lies in predicting the initial cap and the environmental outcomes associated with different permit allocations.
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Paul Diesel owns the Fredonia Barber Shop. He employs 7 barbers and pays each a base salary of $1.310 per month. One of the barbers serves as the manager and receives an extra $560 per month. In addit
Paul Diesel owns the Fredonia Barber Shop. He employs 7 barbers and pays each a base salary of $1.310 per month. One of the barbers serves as the manager and receives an extra $560 per month. In addition to the base salary, barbers receive a commission of $5.80 for each haircut they give.
The manager receives no commission. Assume that the barbers work an average of 26 days per month and that each performs an average of 26 haircuts per day.What is the total payroll for a month?First, let's calculate the monthly salary of the manager:Monthly salary of manager = Base salary + Extra pay= $1,310 + $560= $1870
Next, let's calculate the monthly commission of each barber:Monthly commission of each barber = Commission per haircut x Number of haircuts= $5.80 x 26 x 26= $3,016.40
Then, let's calculate the total payroll for a month:Total payroll for a month = (Number of barbers x Base salary) + (Monthly salary of manager) + (Number of barbers x Monthly commission of each barber)= (7 x $1,310) + ($1,870) + (7 x $3,016.40)= $9,170 + $1,870 + $21,115.20= $32,155.20
Therefore, the total payroll for a month is $32,155.20.
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Which of the following best explains the limitations of using WACC as a discount rate for evaluating projects?
It is difficult to find the needed information to determine WACC
The firm itself is a portfolio of projects with varying degrees of systematic risk
d. WACC and beta must be in equilibrium
WACC is only true when using debt and equity for capital
The following best explains the limitations of using WACC as a discount rate for evaluating projects:The firm itself is a portfolio of projects with varying degrees of systematic risk.
Each project within a firm may have its own distinctive level of systematic risk, which can have an impact on the appropriate rate for discounting cash flows. This is a major concern when using a firm-wide WACC since it fails to consider the underlying diversity of each project.
Since WACC incorporates both debt and equity into the calculation, it is an imperfect tool for comparing dissimilar investments with differing risk levels. If projects are assigned discount rates based on WACC, they may not necessarily account for the degree of risk associated with the particular project. Moreover, WACC may provide different rates for investments, ignoring the underlying diversity of each project.
As a result, managers may be unable to obtain a clear picture of the investment's risk level and might end up selecting an inappropriate investment. Therefore, the use of WACC should be used judiciously and with caution, and project-specific discount rates may be used where appropriate.
Therefore the correct option is The firm itself is a portfolio of projects with varying degrees of systematic risk
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Auerbach Inc. issued 4% bonds on October 1, 2021. The bonds have a maturity date of September 30, 2031 and a face value of $325 million. The bonds pay interest each March 31 and September 30, beginning March 31, 2022. The effective interest rate established by the market was 6%. Assuming that Auerbach issued the bonds for $276,649,555, what interest expense would it recognize in its 2021 income statement?
Auerbach Inc. issued 4% bonds on October 1, 2021, for $276,649,555. The bonds have a maturity date of September 30, 2031, and a face value of $325 million. Interest is payable each March 31 and September 30, beginning March 31, 2022. The effective interest rate established by the market was 6%.Interest on the bond is calculated using the effective interest rate method.
Interest is calculated using the market rate, which is 6%, and not the stated interest rate, which is 4%.Interest expense on bonds is the bond's carrying amount multiplied by the effective interest rate. Interest expense of Auerbach Inc. on bonds for the year 2021 would be recognized in the company's income statement.
Since the bonds were issued on October 1, 2021, Auerbach has recognized only one day's interest expense on its income statement.
Interest expense = Carrying amount of bond * Effective interest rate Carrying amount = Issue priceI nterest expense = $276,649,555 * 6% = $16,598,973
The interest expense on the bond for 2021 that Auerbach Inc. would recognize in its income statement is $16,598,973.
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make a business model for University halls and corridors , with the
mony
To make a business model for University halls and corridors, the following steps need to be taken: Step 1: Determining customer segments The first step in developing a business model is to determine who the target customer is. In the case of University halls and corridors, the target customers would be college students.
Step 2: Identifying value proposition The value proposition is what sets the company apart from its competitors. In the case of University halls and corridors, the value proposition could be the location, amenities, or safety. Step 3: Establishing revenue streams Revenue streams are the different ways in which a company makes money. In the case of University halls and corridors, revenue streams could come from rent, parking fees, vending machines, or other amenities. Step 4: Creating key resources Key resources are the essential components that a business needs to function.
In the case of University halls and corridors, key resources would include the buildings themselves, staff, maintenance equipment, and security systems. Step 5: Defining key activities Key activities are the tasks that a business needs to perform to function. In the case of University halls and corridors, key activities would include maintaining the building, managing tenants, providing security, and providing amenities. Step 6: Identifying key partners Key partners are the people or companies that a business needs to work with to be successful. In the case of University halls and corridors, key partners would include cleaning services, maintenance contractors, and security firms. Step 7: Establishing cost structure The cost structure is the different expenses that a business incurs in order to function. In the case of University halls and corridors, costs would include rent, maintenance costs, staffing costs, security costs, and utilities.
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Consider an Australian investor who borrows money in pounds from a UK bank at an interest rate of 3.9 per cent, in order to buy Australian shares. After one year, the shares have increased in price by 5 per cent, while the Australian dollar has appreciated against the pound by 4 per cent. If the investor then sells the shares and repays the loan and interest, what is the approximate net gain or loss expressed as a percentage of the original amount borrowed? (Assume the shares have paid no dividends.) 1.1 per cent O 5.1 per cent O-2.9 per cent O 12.9 per cent
The approximate net gain or loss expressed as a percentage of the original amount borrowed is 5.1 percent.
The approximate net gain or loss expressed as a percentage of the original amount borrowed can be calculated as follows:
First, let's assume the investor borrowed 1 pound from the UK bank. With an interest rate of 3.9 percent, the interest owed after one year would be 1 * 0.039 = 0.039 pounds.
The investor then converted the borrowed pound into Australian dollars. Since the Australian dollar appreciated against the pound by 4 percent, the value of the borrowed amount in Australian dollars would be 1 * (1 + 0.04) = 1.04 Australian dollars.
After one year, the Australian shares increased in price by 5 percent. So, the value of the shares would be 1.04 * (1 + 0.05) = 1.092 Australian dollars.
When the investor sells the shares, they receive 1.092 Australian dollars. Using this amount, they repay the loan of 1.039 pounds, which is converted back to Australian dollars at the prevailing exchange rate.
The net gain or loss is calculated as (1.092 - 1.039) / 1.04 * 100 = 5.0962, approximately 5.1 percent.
Therefore, the approximate net gain or loss expressed as a percentage of the original amount borrowed is 5.1 percent.
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Using the quantity equation of money describe what would happen to prices and to the real output after an expansionary monetary policy: What would happen in the long run if the money supply increases by 8% ? (mark all that are correct)
The growth rate of output will be close to 0%
Price level increases by about 8%
The growth rate of prices will be close to 0%
Output increases by about 8%
After an expansionary monetary policy with an 8% increase in the money supply, the correct statements are: Price level increases by about 8% and output may increase, but the exact percentage is uncertain and not necessarily 8%.
According to the quantity equation of money, MV = PY, where M represents the money supply, V represents the velocity of money, P represents the price level, and Y represents real output.
In the case of an expansionary monetary policy where the money supply increases by 8%, we can analyze the effects on prices and real output.
1. The growth rate of output will be close to 0%: This statement is not necessarily correct. An increase in the money supply can stimulate economic activity and aggregate demand, leading to an increase in real output in the short run.
2. Price level increases by about 8%: This statement is not necessarily correct. The increase in the money supply does not directly translate into a proportional increase in the price level. It depends on other factors such as the velocity of money and changes in aggregate demand.
3. The growth rate of prices will be close to 0%: This statement is not necessarily correct. In the short run, an expansionary monetary policy can lead to an increase in aggregate demand, potentially causing upward pressure on prices.
However, in the long run, if the increase in the money supply is not accompanied by corresponding increases in real output, it can result in sustained inflation and a higher growth rate of prices.
4. Output increases by about 8%: This statement is not necessarily correct. The increase in the money supply does not guarantee a proportional increase in real output. It depends on various factors such as the effectiveness of monetary policy, the state of the economy, and potential supply-side constraints.
In summary, the effects of an expansionary monetary policy on prices and real output are complex and depend on a range of factors.
While it is possible to observe short-term increases in output and prices, in the long run, sustained increases in the money supply without corresponding increases in real output can lead to inflationary pressures and higher growth rates of prices.
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Pederson and Walter have formed a partnership. During their first year of operations, the partnership earned $140,000. Their-profit-and-loss-sharing agreement states that, first, each partner will rec
Pederson and Walter have formed a partnership. During their first year of operations, the partnership earned $140,000. Their-profit-and-loss-sharing agreement states that, first, each partner will receive an annual salary allowance of $35,000. Second, they will divide the remainder equally.
Pederson and Walter have formed a partnership. During their first year of operations, the partnership earned $140,000. Their-profit-and-loss-sharing agreement states that, first, each partner will receive an annual salary allowance of $35,000. Second, they will divide the remainder equally.
How much will each partner receive? The profit-and-loss-sharing agreement between Pederson and Walter stipulated the following: a) The first order of business is to pay each partner an annual salary allowance of $35,000.b) Any remaining earnings should be equally distributed between the two partners.
Calculation for the annual salary allowance of each partner Pederson and Walter have each agreed to an annual salary allowance of $35,000. Both partners will receive $35,000 each, totaling $70,000 ($35,000+$35,000) from the profits.
Calculation of the division of the remainder The remaining profit to be divided between Pederson and Walter is $140,000-$70,000=$70,000.
Therefore, each partner will receive an equal amount of $35,000, which means they will each receive $70,000+$35,000=$105,000 each. In conclusion, each partner will receive an annual salary allowance of $35,000 and $105,000 of remaining profits, based on the partnership's profit-and-loss-sharing agreement.
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Sioux Corporation is estimating the following sales for the first four months of next year:
January: $260,000
Febraury: $230,000
March: $270,000
April: $320,000
Sales are normally collected 60% in the month of slae, 35% in the month following the sale, and the remaining 5% being uncollectible. Based on this information, how much cash should Sioux expect to collect during the month of April?
A.) $286,500
B.) $320,000
C.) $192,000
D.) $94,500
Sioux should expect to collect $590,500 during the month of April.
To calculate the cash Sioux should expect to collect during the month of April, we need to consider the sales from the previous months and the collection pattern.
Given:
January sales: $260,000
February sales: $230,000
March sales: $270,000
April sales: $320,000
The collection pattern is as follows:
60% of sales are collected in the month of sale (current month)
35% of sales are collected in the month following the sale (next month)
5% of sales are uncollectible
Let's calculate the cash collection for April:
Calculate the cash collection for January sales (collected in January):
January sales = $260,000
Cash collected in January = 60% of January sales = 0.6 * $260,000 = $156,000
Calculate the cash collection for February sales (collected in March):
February sales = $230,000
Cash collected in March = 35% of February sales = 0.35 * $230,000 = $80,500
Calculate the cash collection for March sales (collected in April):
March sales = $270,000
Cash collected in April = 60% of March sales = 0.6 * $270,000 = $162,000
Calculate the cash collection for April sales (collected in April):
April sales = $320,000
Cash collected in April = 60% of April sales = 0.6 * $320,000 = $192,000
Now, sum up the cash collections for April:
Cash collected in April = Cash collected in January + Cash collected in March + Cash collected in April
Cash collected in April = $156,000 + $80,500 + $162,000 + $192,000 = $590,500
Therefore, Sioux should expect to collect $590,500 during the month of April.
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An insured recently received his major medical insurance policy. Only 20 days after the policy issue, while recreational rock climbing, the insured suffered a fall that required hospitalization, surgery, and physical therapy to repair his broken leg. Which of the following is true?
The insured may have coverage for medical expenses related to the accident, depending on the terms and conditions of the policy. The correct answer is option C.
Since the insured suffered the accident within 20 days of the policy issue, it falls within the initial waiting period specified in the policy. The coverage for medical expenses related to the accident will depend on the specific terms and conditions outlined in the policy. Some insurance policies have waiting periods before certain types of coverage become effective, while others may provide immediate coverage. It is essential to review the policy documents to determine the extent of coverage for the accident, including hospitalization, surgery, and physical therapy expenses. Therefore the correct answer is option C.
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--The complete Question is, An insured recently received his major medical insurance policy.
Only 20 days after the policy issue, while recreational rock climbing, the insured suffered a fall that required hospitalization, surgery, and physical therapy to repair his broken leg.
Which of the following is true?
A) The insured will be fully covered for all medical expenses related to the accident.
B) The insured will not be covered for any medical expenses since the accident occurred within 20 days of the policy issue.
C) The insured may have coverage for medical expenses related to the accident, depending on the terms and conditions of the policy.
D) The insured will only be covered for hospitalization expenses but not for surgery or physical therapy.--