To determine the margin of error for an 80% confidence interval, we need to use the formula:
Margin of Error = z * (s / [tex]\sqrt{n}[/tex])
Where:
z is the critical value corresponding to the desired confidence level (80% in this case)
s is the sample standard deviation
n is the sample size
Given that s = 44, we need to find the critical value (z) for an 80% confidence level. The critical value can be determined using a standard normal distribution table or a statistical software. For an 80% confidence level, the critical value is approximately 1.28.
For part (a) where n = 15, we can calculate the margin of error as follows:
Margin of Error = 1.28 * (44 / [tex]\sqrt{15}[/tex])
Calculating the square root of 15, we get:
Margin of Error ≈ 1.28 * (44 / 3.872)
Simplifying further, we find:
Margin of Error ≈ 14.55
Therefore, the margin of error for an 80% confidence interval when n = 15 is approximately 14.55 (rounded to two decimal places).
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can someone actually help me with this please!
Answer:
y = -2x + 7
Step-by-step explanation:
When 2 lines are perpendicular, the relationship between their slopes m1 and m2 may be stated as
m1m2 = -1
Given the line
y = 1/2 x + 8
Comparing with the general equation of a line y = mx + c where m is the slope and c is the intercept
m = m1 = 1/2
Hence the slope of the perpendicular line m2
= -1/1/2
= -2
Given that the line passes through the points (1,5)
using the equation
y - y1 = m (x - x1)
y - 5 = -2(x - 1)
y = -2x +2 + 5
y = -2x + 7
The tip of the second hand travels around the edge of the face of a clock. How far does the tip of the second hand travel between the 6 and the 12, if the length of the second hand is 6 inches?
Recall that StartFraction Arc length over Circumference EndFraction = StartFraction n degrees over 360 degrees EndFraction.
A) 3 pi
B) 6 pi
C) 12 pi
D) 24 pi
Answer: 3 inches
Step-by-step explanation: IT MIGHT BE IF ITS WRONG IM SORRRYYY
PLZ HELP IM BEING TIMED GIVING BRAINLIEST
Using the square root property solve (a - 10)² = 121
Answer:
21
Step-by-step explanation:
We know that the sqaure root of 121 = 11.
So, A - 10 = 11
=> A = 21
Answer:
a = -1 or a = 21
Step-by-step explanation:
take square root of each side to get:
a - 10 = [tex]\sqrt{121}[/tex]
a - 10 = 11; a = 21
a - 10 = -11; a = -1
How can the next term in the infinite sequence 1, 5, 12, 22, 35, ... be generated?
A. Square the term number, subtract the tem number from the result, multiply by 3, and divide the result by 2.
B. Square the term number, multiply the result by 3. divide by 2, and subtract the term number from the result.
C. Square the term number, divide the result by 2 subtract the term number, and multiply the result by 3.
D. Square the term number, multiply the result by 3 subtract the tem number, and divide the result by 2.
Answer:
Its D
Square the term number, multiply the result by 3, subtract the term number, and divide the result by 2
Nita is making pizza.
She needs 3/4 cup of cheese to make one whole pizza .
She has 3/8
Nita can make exactly one whole pizza or less than or more than
Answer:
Less than
Step-by-step explanation:
To see how 3/4 compares to 3/8, give em the same denominator. The simplest way is to multiply 3/4 by 2. Multiply each the numerator and denominator by 2. That gives you 6/8. She needs 6/8 but only has 3/8, so less than a pizza.
Please use an appropriate formula for calculations.
How many solutions are there to the
equation:
a + b + c + d + e = 485
If each of a, b, c, d, and e is an integer that is at
least 10?
There are 169,322,412 solutions to the equation a + b + c + d + e = 485, where each variable is an integer that is at least 10.
To solve this problem, we can use the concept of stars and bars (or balls and urns). The stars and bars method is used to find the number of non-negative integer solutions to an equation of the form a₁ + a₂ + ... + aᵣ = n, where aᵢ represents non-negative integers.
In this case, we have the equation a + b + c + d + e = 485, with the constraint that each variable (a, b, c, d, e) is at least 10. We can introduce a new set of variables a' = a - 10, b' = b - 10, c' = c - 10, d' = d - 10, and e' = e - 10. This transformation ensures that each variable is now a non-negative integer.
Substituting these new variables into the equation, we get:
(a' + 10) + (b' + 10) + (c' + 10) + (d' + 10) + (e' + 10) = 485
Rearranging the equation, we have:
a' + b' + c' + d' + e' = 435
Now, we can apply the stars and bars method to find the number of non-negative integer solutions to this equation. The formula is given by:
Number of solutions = (n + r - 1) choose (r - 1)
where n is the total number to be partitioned (435 in this case) and r is the number of variables (5 in this case).
Using the formula, we have:
Number of solutions = (435 + 5 - 1) choose (5 - 1)
= 439 choose 4
Evaluating this expression:
Number of solutions = (439 * 438 * 437 * 436) / (4 * 3 * 2 * 1)
= 169,322,412
Therefore, there are 169,322,412 solutions to the equation a + b + c + d + e = 485, where each variable is an integer that is at least 10.
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An exam is given to students in an introductory statistics course. What is likely to be true of the shape of the histogram of scores if:
a. the exam is quite easy?
b. the exam is quite difficult?
c. half the students in the class have had calculus, the other half have had no prior college math courses, and the exam emphasizes mathematical manipulation? Explain your reasoning in each case.
a. If the exam is quite easy, it is likely that the majority of students will perform well and score high marks. As a result, the shape of the histogram of scores would be skewed to the right (positively skewed).
This is because there would be a concentration of scores towards the higher end of the scoring scale, with fewer scores towards the lower end.
b. Conversely, if the exam is quite difficult, it is likely that many students will struggle and score low marks. In this case, the shape of the histogram of scores would be skewed to the left (negatively skewed). There would be a concentration of scores towards the lower end of the scoring scale, with fewer scores towards the higher end.
c. When half the students have had calculus and the other half have had no prior college math courses, and the exam emphasizes mathematical manipulation, it can lead to a bimodal distribution in the histogram of scores. This means that there would be two distinct peaks or clusters in the distribution, representing the two groups of students with different math backgrounds.
The calculus students may perform better on the mathematical manipulation aspects of the exam, resulting in one peak, while the students without prior college math courses may struggle and have a separate peak at lower scores.
Overall, the shape of the histogram of scores is influenced by the difficulty level of the exam and the varying abilities of the students taking the exam.
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Some pls help me I’ll give out brainliest please dont answer if you don’t know
Answer:
−
8
n
+
24
Step-by-step explanation:
T/F. If isometry a interchanges distinct points P and Q, then a fixes the midpoint of P and Q.
False. If an isometry interchanges distinct points P and Q, it does not necessarily fix the midpoint of P and Q. In general, an isometry is a transformation that preserves distances between points.
However, it does not guarantee that the midpoint of two interchanged points will be fixed. Consider a simple example of a reflection about a line passing through the midpoint of P and Q. This is an isometry that interchanges P and Q but does not fix their midpoint. The midpoint would be mapped to a different point under the reflection transformation.
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Consider the matrix A. A- Find the characteristic polynomial for the matrix A. (Write your answer in terms of 2) (1-x)(2²) Find the real eigenvalues for the matrix A
The characteristic polynomial for matrix A is (1-x)(2²), and the real eigenvalues for matrix A are 1 and 2.The characteristic polynomial for the matrix A can be written as (1-x)(2²), where x is the eigenvalue.
The real eigenvalues for matrix A can be found by setting the characteristic polynomial equal to zero and solving for x. Since the characteristic polynomial is a product of linear factors, the eigenvalues are the values of x that make each factor equal to zero.
In this case, we have two factors: (1-x) and (2²). Setting each factor equal to zero, we find that x = 1 and x = 2 are the real eigenvalues for matrix A.
To summarize, the characteristic polynomial for matrix A is (1-x)(2²), and the real eigenvalues are 1 and 2. The characteristic polynomial captures the relationship between the eigenvalues and the matrix A, while the real eigenvalues represent the values for which the matrix A has corresponding eigenvectors.
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Is it 10? Or no pls explain
Answer:
Yes
Step-by-step explanation:
6 + 10 would equal 16
You're right, have a great day!
Answer:
yes, it is 10
Step-by-step explanation:
Subtract 16 and 6 and you get 10.
Or Subtract 6 and 6 and subtract 16 and 6.
It'll still be 10 no matter what.
1.) A ball of radius 14 has a round hole of radius 8 drilled through its center. Find the volume of the resulting solid.
2.) Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region enclosed by the graphs of y=9/x2 and y=10-x2 and about the line y=-9
The volume of the solid can be calculated as: V = 2π ∫[c,d] x * (h(x) + 9) dx.
To find the volume of the resulting solid, we can subtract the volume of the hole from the volume of the ball.
The volume of the ball can be calculated using the formula for the volume of a sphere: V_ball = (4/3) * π * r^3, where r is the radius of the ball. In this case, the radius of the ball is 14, so we have: V_ball = (4/3) * π * 14^3.
The volume of the hole can be calculated using the formula for the volume of a cylinder: V_hole = π * r^2 * h, where r is the radius of the hole and h is the height of the hole. In this case, the radius of the hole is 8, and since it passes through the center of the ball, the height of the hole is equal to the diameter of the ball, which is 2 * 14. So we have: V_hole = π * 8^2 * (2 * 14).
The volume of the resulting solid is then given by: V_result = V_ball - V_hole.
To find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region enclosed by the graphs of y=9/x^2 and y=10-x^2 about the line y=-9, we can use the method of cylindrical shells.
The volume of a solid obtained by rotating a curve around a line is given by the formula: V = 2π ∫[a,b] x * h(x) dx, where a and b are the x-values where the curves intersect, and h(x) is the distance between the line of rotation and the curve at each x-value.
In this case, the curves y = 9/x^2 and y = 10 - x^2 intersect at two points, let's say x = c and x = d. The line of rotation y = -9 is parallel to the x-axis and is located 9 units below it.
The volume of the solid can be calculated as: V = 2π ∫[c,d] x * (h(x) + 9) dx.
To find the values of c and d, we need to solve the equation 9/x^2 = 10 - x^2. Once we have the values of c and d, we can evaluate the integral to find the volume of the solid.
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Can you answer it right now pls
Answer:
4 times 10 to the negative seventh power
Step-by-step explanation:
We can see that the decimal has 6 zeros before it, and then it’s 4.
since there are 7 digits after the decimal point, we put 10 to the negative seventh power.
that gives us 0.0000001
to get 0.0000004, we need to multiply ten to the negative seventh power (0.0000001) by 4
The answer is a. which is 4 x 10‐⁷
Translate the following sentence from English into symbolic
logic. No respectable scientists are astrologers. (Rx: x is
respectable; Sx: x is a scientist; Ax: x is an astrologer)
No respectable scientists are astrologers can be translated into symbolic logic as follows:
∀x [(Rx ∧ Sx) → ¬Ax]
Let's break down the sentence:
- Rx: x is respectable.
- Sx: x is a scientist.
- Ax: x is an astrologer.
The statement "No respectable scientists are astrologers" can be translated as follows:
For all x, if x is both respectable (Rx) and a scientist (Sx), then x is not an astrologer (¬Ax).
In other words, every individual x who is both respectable and a scientist cannot be an astrologer.
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Mega Electronics Stores accepts any return for items bought within two weeks. The daily number of items returned follows a normal distribution with mean C and standard deviation 40.
C=260
What is the probability that fewer than 165 items are returned on a given day?
The required probability is 0.0087 (approximately).Note: The probability is less than 0.05. Hence, we can say that the event is rare.
C = 260 (mean)Standard deviation, σ = 40Let X be the number of items returned on a given day.As the number of items returned follows a normal distribution with mean C and standard deviation 40,Therefore,X ~ N (260, 40^2)We have to find the probability that fewer than 165 items are returned on a given day.i.e. P (X < 165).
We can find the standard score, z as follows.z = (X - μ) / σz = (165 - 260) / 40z = -2.375Now, we can find the probability as follows.P (X < 165) = P (Z < -2.375) = 0.0087 (approximately)Therefore, the required probability is 0.0087 (approximately).Note: The probability is less than 0.05. Hence, we can say that the event is rare.
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Cardiorespiratory fitness is widely recognized as a major component of overall physical well-being. Direct measurement of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is the single best measure of such fitness, but direct measurement is time-consuming and expensive. It is therefore desirable to have a prediction equation for VO2max in terms of easily obtained quantities. Consider the following variables.
y = VO2max (L/min)
x1 = weight (kg)
x2 = age (yr)
x3 = time necessary to walk 1 mile (min)
x4 = heart rate at the end of the walk (beats/min)
Here is one possible model for male students, consistent with the information given in the article "Validation of the Rockport Fitness Walking Test in College Males and Females."†
Y = 5.0 + 0.01x1 − 0.05x2 − 0.13x3 − 0.01x4 + ϵ
σ = 0.4
(a) Interpret β1.
A. Holding all other variables constant, a 1 kg increase in weight will result in a 0.01 L/min increase in VO2max.
B. Holding all other variables constant, a 1 kg increase in weight will result in a 0.01 L/min decrease in VO2max.
C. Holding all other variables constant, a 0.01 kg increase in weight will result in a 1 L/min increase in VO2max.
D. Holding all other variables constant, a 0.01 kg increase in weight will result in a 1 L/min decrease in vo2max. Interpret ß3
D. Holding all other variables constant, a 0.13 min increase in walk time will result in a 1 L/min decrease in VO2max
Interpret β3
A. Holding all other variables constant, a 0.13 min increase in walk time will result in a 1 L/min decrease in VO2max.
B. Holding all other variables constant, a 1 min increase in walk time will result in a 0.13 L/min decrease in vo2max.
C. Holding all other variables constant, a 1 min increase in walk time will result in a 0.13 L/min increase in VO2max
D. Holding all other variables constant, a 0.13 min increase in walk time will result in a 1 L/min increase in VO2max.
(b) What is the expected value of VO2max when weight is 76 kg, age is 25 yr, walk time is 14 min, and heart rate is 138 b/m?
L/min
(c) What is the probability that VO2max will be between 0.59 and 2.03 for a single observation made when the values of the predictors are as stated in part (b)? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)
a) Interpret β1: Holding all other variables constant, a 1 kg increase in weight will result in a 0.01 L/min decrease in VO2max. Option B is correct.
b) The expected value of VO2max when weight is 76 kg, age is 25 yr, walk time is 14 min, and heart rate is 138 b/m is 3.682 L/min. Option A is correct.
c) The probability that VO2max will be between 0.59 and 2.03 for a single observation made when the values of the predictors are as stated in part (b) is 0.0000. Option D is correct.
a) Interpret β1: Holding all other variables constant, a 1 kg increase in weight will result in a 0.01 L/min decrease in VO2max.
Option B is correct.
b) To find the expected value of VO2max when weight is 76 kg, age is 25 yr, walk time is 14 min, and heart rate is 138 b/m.
We can calculate it by plugging the values in the regression equation as follows:
Y = 5.0 + 0.01x1 − 0.05x2 − 0.13x3 − 0.01x4 + ϵ
= 5.0 + (0.01 * 76) - (0.05 * 25) - (0.13 * 14) - (0.01 * 138)
= 3.682 L/min.
Hence, the expected value of VO2max when weight is 76 kg, age is 25 yr, walk time is 14 min, and heart rate is 138 b/m is 3.682 L/min.
Option A is correct.
c) To find the probability that VO2max will be between 0.59 and 2.03 for a single observation made when the values of the predictors are as stated in part (b).
We can find it by standardizing the values and using the Z table as follows:
z-score for 0.59 = (0.59 - 3.682) / 0.4
= -8.055z-score for 2.03
= (2.03 - 3.682) / 0.4
= -4.175P(0.59 < Y < 2.03)
= P(z-score between -8.055 and -4.175)
= P(z > 8.055) - P(z > 4.175)
≈ 0.0000 (from the Z table)
Hence, the probability that VO2max will be between 0.59 and 2.03 for a single observation made when the values of the predictors are as stated in part (b) is 0.0000.
Option D is correct.
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20, 17, 14
Write donn
the
4 th
term
Answer:
11
Step-by-step explanation:
you subtract 3 every time, so 14-3 = 11
Compute y' and y". The symbols C₁ and C₂ represent constants. y = C1e* + C2xe* y'(x) C₁et + C₂(x + 1) et y"(x) = C₁et + C₂ (2 + x) ex
The first derivative of y is y'(x) = C₁e^x + C₂(x + 1)e^x, and the second derivative of y is y''(x) = C₁e^x + C₂(2 + x)e^x.
To compute the first derivative, we apply the power rule and the product rule of differentiation. For y = C₁e^x + C₂xe^x, the derivative of the first term C₁e^x is C₁e^x, and the derivative of the second term C₂xe^x involves both the product rule and the chain rule.
Using the product rule, we differentiate C₂x and e^x separately, and then multiply them together. The derivative of C₂x is C₂, and the derivative of e^x is e^x. Then, we apply the chain rule to the second term, resulting in (x + 1)e^x. Therefore, the first derivative is y'(x) = C₁e^x + C₂(x + 1)e^x.
To compute the second derivative, we differentiate y'(x) with respect to x. Both terms in y'(x) involve the derivative of e^x, which is e^x. The derivative of C₁e^x is C₁e^x, and the derivative of C₂(x + 1)e^x involves the product rule and the chain rule similarly to the first derivative. Applying these rules, we find that y''(x) = C₁e^x + C₂(2 + x)e^x.
Therefore, the first derivative of y is y'(x) = C₁e^x + C₂(x + 1)e^x, and the second derivative is y''(x) = C₁e^x + C₂(2 + x)e^x.
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Solve for xx to the nearest tenth.
Answer:
in right angled triangleBCD
BC=√{DC²-BC²)=√{10²-6²)=8
again in right angled triangle ABC
AB=√(BC²-AC²)
x=√(8²-7²)=3.87
x
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2.
3
f(x)
14
6
CO
O
-4
-6
-6
-4
0
6
Based on the table, which statement best describes a prediction for the end behavior of the graph of f(x)?
O As x = 0,f(x) = -00, and as x -o, f(x) o
As x = 0,f(x) - 00, and as x = -00,f(x) = 0
O As x - ,f(x) 0, and as x - -0,f(x) --
O AS X - c.f(x) - --, and as x + -0,f(x) ---
The solution is : Option C, function is → f(x) = x + 2
What is function?Function, in mathematics, an expression, rule, or law that defines a relationship between one variable (the independent variable) and another variable.
here, we have,
From the table give in the picture,
Let the linear function represented by the table is,
f(x) = mx + b
Here, m = Slope of the line
b = y-intercept
Slope of a line passing through two points (-2, 0) and (1, 3) will be,
m = y2 - y1 / x2 - x1
= 1
Equation of the function will be,
f(x) = x + b
Since, a point (1, 3) lies on he given function,
3 = 1 + b
b = 3 - 1
b = 2
Therefore, function is → f(x) = x + 2
Option C will be the correct option.
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complete question:
X f(x)
-2 0
5. Which function matches the function table at the right?
A. f(x) = x+3
B.f(x) = 2x
C.f(x) = x + 2
D. f(x) = 4x - 1
Pls help
factor the trinomial 16x2 + 14x + 3
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
16x²+14x+3
=16x²+8x+6x+3
=8x(2x+1)+3(2x+1)
=(2x+1)(8x+3)
GIVING BRAINLIST ANYONE WHO CAN SOLVE ANY OF THEM!!!!
Answer:
x=36
x=127
x=36
Answer:
1. 36
2. 127
3. x = 36
Step-by-step explanation:
A line is 180 degrees.
1. 180 - 144 = 36
2. 38 + 15 = 53, 180 - 53 = 127
3. 180 - 92 = 88, 88 - 16 = 72, 72 ÷ 2 = 36
Miss smith buys avocados for a family reunion. She needs 12 avocados, and she buys them in bags of 5. How many bags does Miss Smith need?
Answer:
3 bags
Step-by-step explanation:
Since the avocados come in bags of 5, she will need to buy 3 bags. This will give her 15 avocados which is more than the 12 avocados that she needs but we have to buy 3 bags or else she won't have enough. So she will just have 3 avocados left over.
hope that made sense lol but I know the answer is 3 bc u can't buy half a bag. <3
b + -73 = -58
help please
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
b-73=-53
b=-53+73
b=+73-53
b=73-53
b=20
warning number 777777777777777777777777777777
Answer: What is the warning for???? anyway your answer x= -3, x=-5
Step-by-step explanation:
Hope this helps you! Have a good day! :)
Find the missing side. round to the nearest tenth.
Answer:
14.6
Step-by-step explanation:
Sin (59) = x/17
17*sin (59) = x
17*0.857=14.57
The value of x in the triangle is x = 14.581
We have,
From the triangle,
using the sin function.
Now,
sin = perpendicular/hypotenuse
So,
sin 59 = x/17
Now,
To solve for x in the equation sin(59°) = x/17, we can use the properties of trigonometric functions and algebraic manipulation.
First, let's isolate x by multiplying both sides of the equation by 17:
17 x sin(59°) = x
Using a calculator to evaluate sin(59°), we find:
17 x 0.857167 = x
Therefore,
The value of x is x = 14.581
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9. Let H be the set of all vectors of the form 3s. Find a 2s vector v in R3 such that H that H is a subspace of IR 3? Span {v). Why does this show 2t 10. Let H be the set of all vectors of the form 0.Show that H is a subspace of R3. (U'se the method of Exercise 9.) 11. Let W be the set of ali vectors of the formb where b and c are arbitrary. Find vectors u and v such that W Span (u, v. Why does this show that W is a subspace of R3? St 2s-t 4t 12 Let W be the set of all vectors of the form Show that W is a subspace of R4. (Use the method/of Exercise 11.)
9. H is a subspace of R3 as it contains a 2s vector [0, 2s, 0].
10. H is a subspace of R3 as it consists of the zero vector [0, 0, 0].
11. W is a subspace of R3 as it is spanned by the vectors [1,0,0] and [1,1,0].
12.W is a subspace of R4 as it is spanned by the vectors [1,2,0,0] and [0,-1,4,0].
9. To find a 2s vector v in R3 such that H is a subspace of R3, we can choose v = [0, 2s, 0]. This vector satisfies the condition of H being a subspace since it is of the form 2s, and any scalar multiple of v will also be of the form 2s, which is within H. Therefore, H is a subspace of R3.
0. Let H be the set of all vectors of the form [0, 0, 0]. To show that H is a subspace of R3, we can use the method from Exercise 9. By choosing v = [0, 0, 0],
we can see that H is closed under scalar multiplication and addition, as any scalar multiple or sum of the zero vector will still result in the zero vector. Therefore, H is a subspace of R3.
11. Let W be the set of all vectors of the form [b, c, 0], where b and c are arbitrary. To show that W is a subspace of R3, we need to find vectors u and v such that W is spanned by (u, v).
We can choose u = [1, 0, 0] and v = [0, 1, 0]. Any vector in W can be expressed as a linear combination of u and v, and therefore W is spanned by (u, v). This shows that W is a subspace of R3.
12. Let W be the set of all vectors of the form [s, 2s - t, 4t] in R4. To show that W is a subspace of R4, we can use the method from Exercise 11. By choosing u = [1, 2, 0, 0] and v = [0, -1, 4, 0],
we can observe that any vector in W can be expressed as a linear combination of u and v. Hence, W is spanned by (u, v), indicating that W is a subspace of R4.
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answer this please
don't send a link
Answer:
Supplementary angles
Step-by-step explanation:
AEB and BEC form a straight line.
They add to 180 degrees
AEB+ BEC
150+30
180
That means that they are supplementary angles
Answer: https://www.wattpad.com/story/73852998-feathers-itachi-uchiha-deidara-x-reader-lemon
Step-by-step explanation:
Please help me with this
Answer:
x=8
Step-by-step explanation:
The ratio of a side of PQRS to the corresponding side in TUVW. is 6:4=3:2.
The ratio of RS:VW=3:2. RS=12, and VW=x. 12:x=3:2. 3 multiplied by 4 is 12, so 2 multiplied by 4 is x. So, the makes x=8.
Lemma 1 Let g = (V, E, w) be a weighted, directed graph with designated root r e V. Let E' = {me(u): u E (V \ {r})}. Then, either T = (V, E') is an RDMST of g rooted at r or T contains a cycle. Lemma 2 Let g = (V, E, w) be a weighted, directed graph with designated root reV. Consider the weight function w': E → R+ defined as follows for each edge e = (u, v): w'le) = w(e) - m(u). Then, T = (V, E') is an RDMST of g = (V, E, W) rooted at r if and only if T is an RDMST of g = (V, E, w') rooted at r.
Lemma 1 states that in a weighted, directed graph with a designated root, if we create a new set of edges E' by removing edges from the root to each vertex except itself.
Lemma 1 introduces the concept of an RDMST (Rooted Directed Minimum Spanning Tree) in a weighted, directed graph and highlights the relationship between the set of edges E' and the existence of cycles in the resulting graph T. It states that if T is not an RDMST, it must contain a cycle, indicating that removing certain edges from the root to other vertices can lead to cycles.
Lemma 2 focuses on the weight function w' and its impact on determining an RDMST. It states that the resulting graph T is an RDMST rooted at the designated root in the original graph if and only if it is an RDMST rooted at the designated root in the graph with the modified weight function w'. This lemma demonstrates that adjusting the weights of the edges based on the weights of the vertices preserves the property of being an RDMST.
Overall, these two lemmas provide insights into the properties and characteristics of RDMSTs in weighted, directed graphs and offer a foundation for understanding their existence and construction.
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