The microenvironment is the environment surrounding a cell. It includes the extracellular matrix, the other cells in the tissue, and the nutrients and oxygen available to the cell.
How does alteration of microenvironment lead to toxic effects?One way is by disrupting the cell's ability to maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis is the ability of the cell to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment. When the microenvironment is altered, the cell may be unable to maintain homeostasis, leading to damage or death.
Another way that alteration of the microenvironment can lead to toxic effects is by activating stress pathways. Stress pathways are pathways that are activated in response to environmental stressors. When these pathways are activated, they can lead to cell damage or death.
Apoptosis can occur under a number of conditions, including:
DNA damage. When DNA is damaged, the cell may undergo apoptosis to prevent the damage from spreading to other cells.Hormonal signals. Some hormones can trigger apoptosis, such as the hormone that signals the death of cells in the lining of the uterus during menstruation.Growth factor deprivation. When cells are deprived of growth factors, they may undergo apoptosis.Cell-to-cell signaling. Cells can send signals to each other that trigger apoptosis.Necrosis can occur when cells are exposed to:
Toxins. Toxins can damage cells, leading to necrosis.Injury. Physical injury, such as a cut or a burn, can damage cells, leading to necrosis.Ischemia. Ischemia is a lack of blood flow to a tissue. This can damage cells, leading to necrosis.Find out more on toxic effects here: https://brainly.com/question/1235358
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The primers you used in lab amplified 145 base pairs that were adjacent, but not included in the repeat. If you used a different primer that only amplified 130 base pairs adjacent to a 14 base pair repeat, and you had 4 repeats in your product, what was the size of your final PCR product?
186
214
158
200
172
Answer:
186
Explanation:
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique used in molecular biology to amplify small segments of DNA. This technique uses a pair of oligonucleotide sequences called 'primers' which bind to opposite strands of the heat-denatured DNA template in order to amplify this target DNA sequence. In this case, the DNA template is composed of a single unit of 130 base pairs (bp) and four repetitive units of 14 bp, so the final PCR product will have 186 bp >>> 130 bp + (14 bp x 4) = 130 + 56 = 186.
explain how inbreeding dogs for good or perfect trait also produces bad or disease traits as well
Answer:
Inbreeding can cause a weaker dog from inbreeding it will not be as immune to stuff that non inbreed dogs would be if that makes since.
Explanation:
I know this cuz my gramps shows and breeds dogs and i breed goats. If you don't get it tell me in the comments.
Inbreeding depression can produces bad or disease traits as well.
Inbreeding between two closely related species can result in the expression of lethal recessive allele which are otherwise masked by dominant allele.These recessive gene allele can code for certain diseases which are otherwise eliminated by outbreeding.What is inbreeding depression?It is the reduced survival and fertility of offspring of related individual.It is often the result of population bottleneck.To know more about inbreeding depression here
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A forest has many trees and bushes that produce nuts. This is a major food sources for many species, including a particular bird. Birds of this species have a variety of beak shapes ranging from long and pointy to short and hard beaks. The birds with short and hard beaks are able to eat the nuts better than the birds with long and pointy beaks. According to this scenario and the principles of natural selection what will happen to this bird population over time. Group of answer choices
Answer:
There are four principles at work in evolution—variation, inheritance, selection and time. These are considered the components of the evolutionary mechanism of natural selection. After a while the birds will get old and their beaks will get weaker, eventually they will die, when there is a shortage of food they will start harming each other in order for it, that’s selection.
Explanation:
4. A bacterial cell is prokaryotic, while the protist, Euglena, is eukaryotic. Which structure is present
in both organisms?*
(10 Points)
Answer:
There are a couple different possible answers, since there are multiple different structures that are present in both types of cells. So you have to make the choice of what to put.
The structures that prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common are: plasma membrane, ribosomes, and cytoplasm
which is the most primitive of the robust australopithecines?
Answer:
Robust australopithecines are conventionally sorted into
three species: a single species from South Africa, Australopithecus robustus [1.8 to 1.5 million years ago (Ma)] (1), and in East Africa, A. aethiopicus (2.7 to 2.3 Ma) and A. boisei (2.3 to 1.3 Ma) (2).
The ___the contour lines are
together the steeper the slope.
The steeper the slope, the ___ stream's velocity.
Answer:
hi
Explanation:
Which adaptation is most likely found in tropical trees?
Answer:
birds and squirrels
Explanation:
Answer:
The leaves of forest trees have adapted to cope with high rainfall. Many tropical rainforest leaves have a drip tip. It is thought that these drip tips enable rain drops to run off quickly.
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Look at the chart below to answer this question. Which substance is the LEAST dense of the three substances?
Substance A
Substance B
Substance C
Answer:
Substance B
Explaination: Density is a measure of how heavy something is compared to its size. If an object is more dense than water it will sink when placed in water, and if it is less dense than water it will float. Density is a characteristic property of a substance and doesn’t depend on the amount of substance.
Which of the following is considered a abiotic 
A : algae bloom
B : fish life
C : animals waste
D : sediment deposition
Answer:
sediment deposition
Explanation:
Abiotic factors are the non-living pieces of the climate that can regularly affect living creatures. Abiotic factors incorporate water, daylight, oxygen, soil and temperature.
Brainliest?
Answer:
D: sediment deposition
Explanation:
An abiotic factor in an environment is a factor that is not, nor has ever been alive, and it didn't come from a living organism. The opposite of abiotic is biotic; a biotic factor is alive. So, sediment deposition would be abiotic because, unlike the other options, it was never alive and did not come from a lining thing.
When a population is split into smaller groups, why do these groups develop different traits?
A. Traits that form in one group form evolutionary forces quickly spread through populations
B. Separating the two groups decreases the chance that the two groups will diverge
C. Gene flow is increased in the two subgroups that are formed
D. Forces like natural selection and genetic drift affect the genes of the two subgroups differently
If I was to guess, It would be D.............
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What property of silver may discourage people from buying silver jewelry?
A. it can’t float
B. it’s not green
C. it can tarnish
D. it’s not transparent
Answer: C
Explanation: Because if silver is tarnished it will lose its luster, thus making it not attractive.
ASAP!! HELP ME WITH THESE pls :(
Question 1.Which moon phase starts and ends in the moon cycle?
Question 2 : How many days between each moon phase ?
Answer:
1. new moon
2. seven
Explanation:
:)
Answer:
there are 4 important phase. full moon is the first phase and new moon is what it ends.
it takes 27days between each moon phase
according to tinbergen, if you are examining a trait in order to determine how it contributes to the survival and reproduction of an organism, what are you studying?
According to Tinbergen, if you are examining a trait to determine how it contributes to the survival and reproduction of an organism, you are studying the trait's adaptive value or fitness.
Niko Tinbergen was a renowned ethologist who proposed four questions to understand behavior in animals, including the study of traits. One of these questions pertains to the adaptive value or fitness of a trait, which focuses on how the trait affects the survival and reproduction of an organism.
By examining the trait's contribution to an organism's ability to survive in its environment and successfully reproduce, researchers can gain insights into the evolutionary significance of the trait. This approach helps in understanding the selective pressures that have shaped the trait over time, as traits that enhance survival and reproduction are more likely to be favored by natural selection.
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Photosynthesis occurs in cells with?
Answer:
with the help of chlorophyll.
Explanation:
The green color pigment chlorophyll traps sunlight and this is why photosynthesis occur.
Answer:
chlorophyll
Explanation:
ANSWER QUICK PLZ
The photo shows several Volvox, one of the simplest multicellular living things. Volvox have no tissues.
What other three things do Volvox also likely lack?
Answer:
A, B, D.
Explanation:
Incinerating or burning trash is the best way to get rid of the majority of it. True or False
Answer:
Emissions from burning waste worsen environmental inequalities, create ... and municipal solid waste incinerators have sparked resistance in many places. ... Nonetheless, 72 incinerators are still operating today in the U.S. Most of ... Wastes that are not recycled or composted typically are either burned or ... So false
Explanation:
Which is characteristic of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
a]stimulates digestion
b]dilates the bronchi
c]slows the heart rate
d]converts glucose to glycogen
What type of graph is used for a PH test
4.
What is the salinity of seawater?
1.5 percent
3.5 percent
10 percent
5.5 percent
Answer:
I think the answer is 3.5%
Explanation:
35 parts per thousand of seawater contains salt therefore your answer is 3.5
What part of the bacteriophage attaches and anchors itself to the bacteria?
Answer: Proteins in the "tail" of the phage bind to a specific receptor (in this case, a sugar transporter) on the surface of the bacterial cell. Entry: The phage injects its double-stranded DNA genome into the cytoplasm of the bacterium.
Explanation:
Station 1: Strepsirhine or haplorhine? Look at the specimens in your lab and note the form of the listed features in the table below, then place the specimens into suborders (Strepsirhini or Haplorhini). In the absence of lab specimens, see Figures A through D below. Specimen A B C D Fused mandibular symphysis? (is the mandible one bone or two?)* Fully enclosed orbit? Cranium size (braincase) relative to face Toothcomb? (lower incisors jut forward) *If a suture line is visible, the mandibular symphysis is unfused. (Hint: A species with a toothcomb
The completed table is in the attached image.
The classification of specimens into suborders Strepsirhini or Haplorhini is based on several key anatomical features, including the structure of the mandibular symphysis (fused or unfused), the presence or absence of a toothcomb, and the type of orbit (fully enclosed or not).
Strepsirhini:
Mandibular symphysis: Unfused (two separate bones)Toothcomb: PresentOrbit: Typically not fully enclosedHaplorhini:
Mandibular symphysis: Fused (single bone)Toothcomb: AbsentOrbit: Fully enclosedTo learn more about Strepsirhini or Haplorhini, here
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A species that lacks adaptation to a changing environment is more likely
to
Answer:
become extinct over time......
Referring to the illustration below, answer the following questions:
a. What process is represented here?
b. How do you know? (Give two reasons.)
c. Is the parent cell a somatic cell or a gamete? (Think before writing your answer!)
d. What is the end result of this process?
e. How similar or different are the daughter cells from one another? If they are different, explain why.
The genetic material in each daughter cell is identical to that in the parent cell, and the process of mitosis ensures that each daughter cell receives a copy of each chromosome.
a. The process represented here is cell division. b. The reasons why this process is cell division are:
1. The parent cell is dividing into two daughter cells.
2. The daughter cells are genetically identical to each other. c. The parent cell is a somatic cell. It is not a gamete because gametes are produced by meiosis, not mitosis. d. The end result of this process is two genetically identical daughter cells. e. The daughter cells are genetically identical to each other. They are the same because they are produced by mitosis, which involves only one round of cell division and results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other. The genetic material in each daughter cell is identical to that in the parent cell, and the process of mitosis ensures that each daughter cell receives a copy of each chromosome.
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1. Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a biome?
A Regions that have the same plant communities
B Regions that have the same animal communities
C Small habitat such as a tree stump that contains its own ecosystem
D Large areas of the Earth that have similar climates and organisms
Small habitat such as a tree stump that contains its own ecosystem is not a characteristic of biome.
What is a biome?A biome is a large geographic region on Earth that is characterized by a specific set of climatic and environmental conditions, as well as a distinctive community of plants and animals. Biomes are defined by their dominant vegetation, which is adapted to the specific climate and environmental factors of the region. There are several different types of biomes, including forests, grasslands, tundra, deserts, and aquatic biomes such as oceans and freshwater ecosystems. Biomes are important for maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance, and are also valuable for human use, providing resources such as timber, food, and water. The study of biomes is an important aspect of ecology, and helps us understand how living organisms interact with their environment.
Which of these is not a characteristic of a biome?c) Small habitat such as a tree stump that contains its own ecosystem. The other options are all characteristics of a biome. Biomes are large areas of the Earth that have similar climates and organisms, and are characterized by the same plant and animal communities. Biomes are typically defined by their predominant vegetation type and are classified based on factors such as temperature, precipitation, and soil type. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
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A male peacock's tail is an adaptation to increase his chances of
A)survival
B)finding food
C)getting a mate
D)standing out in a crowd
Answer:
D
Explanation:
That is a form of copulatory behaviour in peacocks
Answer:
C) getting a mate
Explanation:
A male peacock's tail is a adaptation to attract other peacocks
Even more Explanation:I took the USA TEST PREP assignment and got it correct. the answer below or above me is wrong. trust me
hi please help i’ll give brainliest
Answer:
C the moom rotates around itself slower than eath rotates around itself
Explanation:
Click an item in the list or group of pictures at the bottom of the problem and, holding the button down, drag it into the correct position in the answer box. Release your mouse button when the item is place. If you change your mind, drag the item to the trashcan. Click the trashcan to clear all your answers.
Make a Punnett Square for two smooth seed hybrid pea plants (Ss)
Click once to select an item at the bottom of the problem.
Click again to drop the item in its correct place.
Answer:
Explanation:
(blank) (S) (s)
(S) (SS) (Ss)
(s) (Ss) (ss)
Eutrophication is caused by ___
A. Erosion
B. Pollution
C. High winds
D. Ultraviolet rays
Fears of malpractice lawsuits are playing a part in the increased use of expensive diagnostic equipment. T F
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
True, Fears of malpractice lawsuits are playing a part in the increased use of expensive diagnostic equipment.
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porque los alimentos se oscurecen?(platanos, palta, manzana, papa, etc) respondan pls✋
Answer:
Una enzima es una sustancia, generalmente una proteína, en la célula de un organismo que acelera las reacciones químicas.
Durante el pardeamiento enzimático, una enzima llamada fenolasa y otro compuesto orgánico que se encuentra en las células de la fruta llamados fenoles pasan por una reacción de oxidación cuando se exponen al oxígeno. La fenolasa regula la reacción, convirtiendo los fenoles en melanina.
Por lo general, las enzimas de la fruta están encerradas en tejido. Las enzimas están metidas en sus células, trabajando para madurar la fruta. Pero cuando esas células se descomponen, ya sea por una causa externa como si alguien muerde o corta la fruta o por causas naturales como el envejecimiento, las enzimas se liberan y entran en contacto con el oxígeno, lo que desencadena la reacción química y hace que la fruta se vuelva marrón.