Tax avoidance refers to the use of legal methods to reduce the amount of tax that an individual or organization pays. Tax avoidance involves taking advantage of the loopholes in the tax laws to minimize tax payments.
Tax avoidance is considered legal and ethical as it involves the use of legal methods to minimize tax payments.Tax avoidance involves the use of legal ways to minimize tax payments. Some of the tax avoidance methods used by individuals and organizations include investing in tax-efficient savings plans, offshore investments, and trust funds, among others. For instance, individuals can invest in Individual Savings Accounts (ISA), which allow them to earn tax-free interest on their savings. Additionally, companies can establish subsidiaries in tax-friendly jurisdictions to reduce their tax liability. While tax avoidance is legal and ethical, tax evasion is illegal. Tax evasion involves the use of illegal means to avoid paying taxes. For example, failing to declare income, exaggerating expenses, and hiding assets are considered tax evasion and are punishable by law.
In conclusion, tax avoidance involves the use of legal means to minimize tax payments, while tax evasion involves the use of illegal means to avoid paying taxes. Tax avoidance is legal and ethical, while tax evasion is illegal and unethical.
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Rotorua Products, Ltd., of New Zealand markets agricultural products for the burgeoning Asian consumer market. The company�s current assets, current liabilities, and sales have been reported as follows over the last five years (Year 5 is the most recent year):
The ratio has improved from 8.67 to 11.25, which indicates that the company has been able to generate more sales with the same amount of working capital. This is a positive sign for the company because it shows that the company is becoming more efficient in using its working capital. Rotorua Products, Ltd., of New Zealand markets agricultural products for the burgeoning Asian consumer market.
The companys current assets, current liabilities, and sales have been reported as follows over the last five years (Year 5 is the most recent year):Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5Current assets$300,000$350,000$370,000$390,000$420,000 Current liabilities 200,000200,000220,000240,000260,000 Sales$1,200,000$1,300,000$1,500,000$1,600,000$1,800,000
Explanation:Current Ratio:Current ratio is the measure of a company's ability to pay off its short-term liabilities with current assets. It is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. A current ratio of 2:1 or more is desirable because it indicates that the company has enough assets to pay off its short-term liabilities comfortably.
Year Current AssetsCurrent Liabilities Current RatioYear 1$300,000$200,0001.5Year 2$350,000$200,0001.75Year 3$370,000$220,0001.68Year 4$390,000$240,0001.63Year 5$420,000$260,0001.62 .From the above table, it is clear that the current ratio of Rotorua Products, Ltd. has declined from 1.75 to 1.62 over the past five years.
The company has not been able to maintain the required current ratio of 2:1 or more, which is a cause for concern. The company needs to take steps to increase its current assets or reduce its current liabilities to maintain a healthy current ratio.
Quick Ratio:Quick ratio is another measure of a company's ability to pay off its short-term liabilities with its most liquid assets. It is calculated by dividing quick assets (current assets minus inventory) by current liabilities. A quick ratio of 1:1 or more is desirable because it indicates that the company has enough liquid assets to pay off its short-term liabilities comfortably.
YearQuick AssetsCurrent LiabilitiesQuick RatioYear 1$250,000$200,0001.25Year 2$300,000$200,0001.5Year 3$320,000$220,0001.45Year 4$340,000$240,0001.42Year 5$370,000$260,0001.42From the above table, it is clear that the quick ratio of Rotorua Products, Ltd. has also declined from 1.5 to 1.42 over the past five years.
The company has not been able to maintain the required quick ratio of 1:1 or more, which is a cause for concern. The company needs to take steps to increase its quick assets or reduce its current liabilities to maintain a healthy quick ratio.
Sales to Working Capital Ratio:Sales to working capital ratio is a measure of a company's efficiency in using its working capital to generate sales. It is calculated by dividing sales by the difference between current assets and current liabilities (working capital). A higher ratio indicates that the company is using its working capital more efficiently to generate sales.
YearSalesWorking CapitalSales to Working Capital RatioYear 1$1,200,000$100,00012.00Year 2$1,300,000$150,0008.67Year 3$1,500,000$150,00010.00Year 4$1,600,000$150,00010.67Year 5$1,800,000$160,00011.25.
From the above table, it is clear that the sales to working capital ratio of Rotorua Products, Ltd. has fluctuated over the past five years. The ratio has improved from 8.67 to 11.25, which indicates that the company has been able to generate more sales with the same amount of working capital.
This is a positive sign for the company because it shows that the company is becoming more efficient in using its working capital.
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D Question 18 The producer of product Z has gathered some information regarding product Z: • in 2020 the price was £4.95 • in 2020 the firm sold 58,000 units of product Z • in 2021 the price was £4.50 • the firm sold 60,000 units of product Z in 2021 • product Z is an inferior product. a) Calculate the price elasticity of demand for product Z. Show your calculations. (6 points) b) Is your answer at question a) elastic or inelastic? Explain your answer. (3 points) c) Based on your answer of question a), did total revenue increase or decrease in 2021? Explain your answer (3 points) d) Give an example of the value of the income elasticity of product Z. Explain your example. (4 points) Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt Paragraph B IUA 2 T² 00. v
Answer(a): The price elasticity of demand for product Z is -0.38.
Answer(b): The price elasticity of demand for product Z is inelastic because the absolute value of price elasticity is less than 1.
Answer(c): The total revenue decreased in 2021 because the decrease in price resulted in a decrease in total revenue.
Answer(d): An example of the value of the income elasticity of product Z is -0.5. This means that if the income of consumers decreases by 10%, the quantity demanded for product Z would decrease by 5%.
a) Calculation of price elasticity of demand:
Let's start by calculating the percentage change in price:
Percentage change in price = ((New price - Old price) / Old price) * 100Percentage change in price
= ((£4.50 - £4.95) / £4.95) * 100
Percentage change in price = -9.09%
Next, we need to calculate the percentage change in quantity demanded:
Percentage change in quantity = ((New quantity - Old quantity) / Old quantity) * 100
Percentage change in quantity = ((60,000 - 58,000) / 58,000) * 100
Percentage change in quantity = 3.45%
Now we can calculate the price elasticity of demand:
Price elasticity of demand = (% Change in quantity demanded) / (% Change in price)
Price elasticity of demand = 3.45% / -9.09%
Price elasticity of demand = -0.38
b) The value of price elasticity of demand for product Z is -0.38. Since the absolute value of price elasticity of demand is less than 1, the demand for product Z is inelastic.
c) Since the demand for product Z is inelastic, a decrease in price leads to a proportionally smaller increase in quantity demanded. Therefore, the decrease in price results in a decrease in total revenue. As the price of product Z decreased from £4.95 to £4.50, the total revenue decreased.
d) The income elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded to a change in income. For an inferior good, income elasticity of demand is negative. In the case of product Z, as an inferior good, the income elasticity of demand would be negative.
Suppose the income of consumers decreases by 10%. If the income elasticity of demand for product Z is -0.5, the quantity demanded for product Z would decrease by 5%. This is because product Z is an inferior good, so as income decreases, people are more likely to switch to a higher quality substitute.
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Match the investment t conglomerate investment Vertical investments Horizontal investments These investments run the risk of being taken over by the government because they are export- Usually rated h
A conglomerate investment is an investment strategy that involves holding a diversified portfolio of assets and companies across a range of industries and sectors.
Horizontal and vertical investments are two types of investments that can be made within a conglomerate investment portfolio. Horizontal investments involve investing in companies that are similar to the investor's existing companies, while vertical investments involve investing in companies that are in different stages of the same supply chain.
Vertical investments usually involve a higher level of risk than horizontal investments because they are more directly tied to the success or failure of the investor's existing companies. This is because vertical investments are typically made in companies that are suppliers, customers, or distributors of the investor's existing companies.
On the other hand, horizontal investments are less risky because they are made in companies that are similar to the investor's existing companies. This means that they are less directly tied to the success or failure of the investor's existing companies.
When investing in either vertical or horizontal investments, there is always the risk of government takeover. This is because these investments are often export-oriented, and the government may take action to protect its own interests in the event of a dispute with the investor's home country.
Therefore, it is important to carefully consider the risks associated with these types of investments before making any investment decisions.
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(T/F) The demand function for apple juice in Davis is P-200-0.5QP where P is in $ per 1,000 gallons and Q is in thousands of gallons per month. Currently consumers in Davis drink 20,000 gallons of app
True.
The given demand function for apple juice in Davis is P-200-0.5QP where P is in $ per 1,000 gallons and Q is in thousands of gallons per month. Currently, consumers in Davis drink 20,000 gallons of apple juice. Given this information, we can determine the price at which the apple juice is currently selling. According to the demand function for apple juice, we know that the demand curve is P = 200 + 0.5Q. Since the demand function is given, we can use this formula to calculate the current price of apple juice in Davis. Current quantity consumed by the consumers = Q = 20,000 gallons So, putting this value in the demand function, we have; P = 200 + 0.5(20,000) P = 21000Hence, the current price of apple juice is $21 per 1,000 gallons.
A demand function is typically described as a decreasing function of x and is defined as p=f(x), where p is the unit price and f are the number of units of the commodity in question. that is, p=f(x) p = f ( x ) diminishes as x increments.
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A house that is separated from any adjoining structure with at least some open land on all four sides is: a detached house patio house second home. zero-lot house
A house that is separated from any adjoining structure with at least some open land on all four sides is a detached house.
A detached house refers to a standalone residential structure that is not physically connected to any adjacent buildings. It is surrounded by open land on all four sides, allowing for a significant amount of space and separation between the house and neighboring structures.
Detached houses typically have their own individual lot or parcel of land, providing homeowners with more privacy, independence, and freedom compared to attached or semi-detached houses.
In a detached house, there is no shared wall or roof with neighboring properties, distinguishing it from other types of housing such as townhouses, duplexes, or row houses. This separation allows for greater control over the property, potential for outdoor spaces like gardens or yards, and reduced noise transmission from adjacent units.
Detached houses are commonly found in suburban or rural areas where there is ample land available for residential development. They offer homeowners the advantage of having their own separate structure and land, providing opportunities for customization, expansion, and a sense of autonomy.
Overall, a detached house provides a distinct living arrangement that offers more space, privacy, and autonomy compared to attached or semi-attached housing options.
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a monopoly firm can sell 150 units of output for $10 per unit. alternatively, it can sell 151 units of output for $9.98 per unit. the marginal revenue of the 151st unit of output is
a.$0.02.
b. $2.45
c. $6.98
d. $9.98
The marginal return for the 151st production unit is approximately $6.98.
Option c is correct .
To determine the marginal profit for the 151st unit of production, we need to understand how the total profit changes when one more unit is sold.
Given:
Selling 150 units at $10 per unit
151 units sold at $9.98 per unit
To find the marginal return, we need to compare the total return from selling 151 units with the total return from selling 150 units.
Total revenue from selling 150 units = 150 units x $10 per unit = $1500
Total revenue from selling 151 units = 151 units x $9.98 per unit = $1508.98
We can now calculate the marginal return.
Marginal revenue = Total revenue from selling 151 units - Total revenue from selling 150 units
Marginal Return = $1508.98 - $1500
Marginal return ≈ $ 6.98
Hence ,Option c is correct .
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Unlike even-numbered prices, odd-numbered prices:
a.
connote a bargain.
b.
have elastic demand.
c.
make consumers feel they are paying a higher price for a product.
d.
are used for "prestige" items.
Odd-numbered prices, as compared to Products even-numbered prices, have elastic demand. The given statement is true. Elastic demand occurs when consumers are sensitive to price changes and demand for a good or service responds in a more significant way to changes in the price.
In other words, if the price of a product increases, consumers' demand for it decreases, whereas if the price decreases, consumers' demand for it increases.
Even-numbered pricing is a pricing strategy that involves setting prices at even figures, such as $10, $20, $50, $100, and so on.
Even-numbered prices, according to research, make consumers feel they are paying a fair price for a product or service.
Odd-numbered pricing, on the other hand, refers to a pricing strategy that involves setting prices at odd figures, such as $9.99, $13.95, and so on. Odd-numbered pricing is used to communicate value, convince consumers that they are getting a deal or discount, and make products more appealing to customers.
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Evaluate the extent to which Livestock Wealth is implementing the concepts of "shared value" and "inclusive business" to Livestock Wealth. Provide examples to support your answer.
Livestock Wealth is implementing the concepts of shared value and inclusive business to a great extent. The concept of Shared Value refers to creating economic value in a way that also creates value for society by addressing its challenges.
Shared Value is a business strategy that aims to create long-term social and economic value by identifying and addressing societal needs and challenges. It seeks to address economic and social problems and create a competitive advantage by making a positive impact on society. Inclusive Business refers to the strategy of engaging the poor, or low-income people, as suppliers, distributors, or consumers in the company's value chain. This strategy aims to create a mutually beneficial relationship between the business and its stakeholders. Livestock Wealth has implemented these concepts by creating an online platform that connects investors with farmers. This platform creates shared value by addressing the challenge of poverty and unemployment by providing a sustainable income source for small-scale farmers. Investors purchase cows, and the cows are raised by the farmers. The investor receives a return on their investment, and the farmer receives a sustainable income source.
This model is an example of inclusive business as the company engages the poor as suppliers, in this case, the farmers, and creates value for them.The main answer is that Livestock Wealth is implementing the concepts of shared value and inclusive business to a great extent. The company has created an online platform that connects investors with small-scale farmers. This platform addresses the challenge of poverty and unemployment by providing a sustainable income source for the farmers, who are the suppliers. Investors receive a return on their investment, and the farmers receive a sustainable income source. This model is an example of inclusive business as it creates a mutually beneficial relationship between the business and its stakeholders. In conclusion, Livestock Wealth has implemented the concepts of shared value and inclusive business by creating a platform that addresses societal needs and challenges while creating economic value for the company.
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What is the β for a stock with a yield of 11%, Risk free of 2%
and market return of 14%?
a) Βeta = .75
b) Βeta = .78
c) Βeta = 1.02
d) Βeta = 1.00
The β for a stock with a yield of 11%, Risk-free of 2%, and market return of 14% is .75. Thus the correct option is A.
A stock's beta indicates how sensitive it is to changes in the market. It is determined by dividing the market return variance by the correlation of the stock's returns with market returns.
To calculate the beta, we need the stock's yield, risk-free rate, and market return.
Given:
Yield = 11%
Risk-free rate = 2%
Market return = 14%
The formula to calculate beta is:
β = (Yield - Risk-free rate) / (Market return - Risk-free rate)
Substituting the given values:
β = (0.11 - 0.02) / (0.14 - 0.02)
β = 0.09 / 0.12
β = 0.75
Therefore, option A is appropriate.
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The profit for the year for Bluebell Limited for the year ended 30 April 2022 was $20 million. At 1 May 2021 Bluebell had in issue 42 million equity shares and a $12 million 6% convertible loan note. The loan note will mature in 2023 and will be redeemed at par or converted to equity shares on the basis of 40 shares for each $100 of loan note at the loan-note holders’ option.
On 1 August 2021, Bluebell made a fully subscribed rights issue of two new share for every five shares held at a price of $3.20 each. The market price of the equity shares of Bluebell immediately before the issue was $4.75.
The earnings per share (EPS) reported for the year ended 30 April 2021 was 42 cents.
Bluebell’s tax rate is 30%.
Required:
Calculate the basic EPS figure for Bluebell Limited for the year ended 30 April 2022 and include the comparatives.
Calculate the diluted EPS figure for Bluebell Limited for the year ended 30 April 2022.
Basic Earnings Per Share (EPS) is calculated as a profit or net income for the year available to shareholders.
It is computed by dividing the total earnings for the year by the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year. The computation of basic EPS is done using the formula: Basic EPS= (Net Income - Preferred Dividends)/ Weighted Average of Outstanding SharesFor Bluebell Limited, the basic EPS for the year ended 30 April 2022 would be calculated as follows:Net income for the year= $20 million. Weighted average of outstanding shares= (42,000,000 x 11/12) + (2,000,000 x 8/12) = 39,500,000 sharesBasic EPS= ($20,000,000/39,500,000) = 50.63 cents.Diluted Earnings Per Share (EPS)Diluted EPS is calculated using the assumption that all convertible securities were converted into shares during the year. Convertible securities are issued to allow the holder to convert it into equity shares of the issuer at a predetermined price. In this case, we use the treasury stock method to account for the conversion of convertible debt into equity shares.For Bluebell Limited, the diluted EPS for the year ended 30 April 2022 would be calculated as follows:Net income for the year= $20 million. Interest on the convertible loan note= ($12 million x 6%) x (8/12) = $360,000. Adjusted net income= Net income + Interest on convertible loan note= $20,360,000. Convertible loan note= $12 million. Conversion ratio= 40 shares per $100 of loan note. Number of shares resulting from the conversion of the loan note = ($12,000,000/$100) x 40= 4,800,000. Weighted average number of shares assuming the conversion of the loan note = 39,500,000 + 4,800,000 = 44,300,000.Diluted EPS= ($20,360,000/44,300,000) = 45.95 cents.
Therefore, the basic EPS for Bluebell Limited for the year ended 30 April 2022 is 50.63 cents. The diluted EPS for Bluebell Limited for the year ended 30 April 2022 is 45.95 cents.
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You purchased a machine for $1.05 million three years ago and have been applying straight-line depreciation to zero for a seven-year life. Your tax rate is 35%. If you sell the machine today (after three years of depreciation) for $764,000, what is your incremental cash flow from selling the machine?
To calculate the incremental cash flow from selling the machine, we need to consider the tax implications and the difference between the selling price and the book value of the machine.
1. Book Value of the Machine:
Since the machine has a seven-year life and has been depreciated straight-line over three years, the accumulated depreciation is (3/7) * $1.05 million = $450,000.Therefore, the book value of the machine after three years of depreciation is $1.05 million - $450,000 = $600,000.2. Taxable Gain/Loss:
The taxable gain or loss is the difference between the selling price and the book value of the machine. In this case, it is $764,000 - $600,000 = $164,000.3. Tax on Gain:
The tax rate is given as 35%. Therefore, the tax on the gain is 35% * $164,000 = $57,400.4. Incremental Cash Flow:
The incremental cash flow is the difference between the selling price and the tax on the gain. In this case, it is $764,000 - $57,400 = $706,600.Therefore, the incremental cash flow from selling the machine is $706,600.
About Value
Value in mathematics refers to results or numbers that represent a measure or amount in a mathematical context. Values can represent various concepts such as numbers, variables, or functions. In mathematics, values are often used to perform calculations, comparisons or modeling of mathematical phenomena.
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hi-tek manufacturing, incorporated, makes two types of industrial component parts—the b300 and the t500. an absorption costing income statement for the most recent period is shown:
hi-tek manufacturing, incorporated, makes two types of industrial component parts—the b300 and the t500. An absorption costing income statement for the most recent period is shown as the traditional income statement. Correct option is A.
The conventional income statement, also known as the absorption costing income statement, is produced using absorption costing. In this income statement, costs are broken down into product costs and period costs to examine costs. Due to the fact that it accounts for all production-related expenses, absorption costing is sometimes referred to as complete costing.
Direct labour and material costs are examples of variable costs. Rent, security, and insurance charges are examples of fixed costs. Absorption costing's key benefit is that it complies with GAAP and records profits more precisely than variable costing. In contrast to variable costing, which solely takes into account variable costs, absorption costing accounts for all production expenses.
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The question is incomplete, complete question is as under:
hi-tek manufacturing, incorporated, makes two types of industrial component parts—the b300 and the t500. an absorption costing income statement for the most recent period is shown:
A. The traditional income statement
B. Variable costing statement
C. Fixed costing statement
D. All of them
Which set of indicators would be most helpful in analyzing trading range markets?
The set of indicators would be most helpful in analyzing trading range market oscillators.
The option (B) is correct.
Oscillators are force-based markers that waver between fixed upper and lower limits. They give bits of knowledge into the strength and bearing of cost developments, assisting merchants with distinguishing potential inversion focuses or times of union. By estimating the connection between current costs and verifiable cost information, oscillators can show whether a market is overbought or oversold.
Examples of popular oscillators incorporate the General Strength Record (RSI), Stochastic Oscillator, and Moving Normal Intermingling Dissimilarity (MACD). These pointers can be utilized to recognize cost divergences, overbought and oversold conditions, and potential pattern inversions inside a trading range.
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This question is not complete, Here I am attaching the complete question:
Which set of indicators would be most helpful in analyzing trading range markets?
a. Moving averages
b. Oscillators
c. Cycles
d. Elliott Wave
How you get the answer would really help I have trouble with
service cost.
A partially completed pension spreadsheet showing the relationships among the elements that constitute Carney, Inc.'s defined benefit pension plan follows. Six years earlier, Carney revised its pensio
Here are the missing amounts in the pension spreadsheet:
The Missing Amounts in the pension spreadsheetsPension Expense PBO Plan Assets Service Cost Interest Cost Expected Return on Assets Adjust for: Loss on Assets Amortization of Prior Service Cost Net Loss Loss on PBO Prior Service Cost Cash Funding Retiree Benefits Bal., Dec. 31, 2016
12 820 640 20 92 68 -12 -10 -6 -22 -40 40 12 730
The $22 million deficit is a result of the contrast between the $12 million spent on pensions and the $12 million allocated for funding.
A $40 million deficit on PBO emerged because the plan assets of $640 million fall short of the PBO of $820 million. $40 million is the cost that was added to the pension plan after modifying the formula at the end of 2016, also known as prior service cost.
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The Complete Question
A partially completed pension spreadsheet showing the relationships among the elements that constitute Carney, Inc.'s defined benefit pension plan follows. Six years earlier, Carney revised its pension formula and recalculated benefits earned by employees in prior years using the more generous formula. The prior service cost created by the recalculation is being amortized at the rate of $6 million per year. At the end of 2016, the pension formula was amended again, creating an additional prior service cost of $40 million. The expected rate of return on assets and the actuary's discount rate was 10%, and the average remaining service life of the active employee group is 10 years. (Enter your answers in millions (i.e., 10,000,000 should be entered as 10).) Required: Fill in the missing amounts. (Amounts to be deducted should be indicated with a minus sign 1. s indicate credits debits otherwise Prior Net Pension Net Loss- AOCI Pension Expense (S in millions) PB0 Plan Assets Service Cash (Liability) Asset Cost-A0CI (820) 640 Balance, Jan. 1,2016 Service cost interest cost Expected return on assets Adjust for: 20 92 68 Loss on assets Amortization of, Prior service cost Net loss Loss on PBO Prior service cost Cash funding Retiree benefits Bal., Dec. 31, 2016 (12) 730
How much is $250 to be received in exactly one year worth to you today if the interest rate is 15%?
The present value of $250 to be received in exactly one year today at an interest rate of 15% is $217.39.
The value of $250 to be received in exactly one year today if the interest rate is 15% is calculated as follows;Amount to be received in one year = $250Principal amount = ?Interest rate = 15%Time period = 1 yearThe present value (PV) of an amount to be received in the future is calculated using the present value formula;PV = FV / (1 + r)nWhere;FV is the future value, n is the time period and r is the interest rate.Substituting the given values into the formula;PV = 250 / (1 + 0.15)¹PV = 217.39Therefore, the present value of $250 to be received in exactly one year today at an interest rate of 15% is $217.39.
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Exercise 3-12 Preparing a classified balance sheet LO C3 Account Title Credit Debit $ 6,000 Cash Accounts receivable 26,000 7,000 Office supplies Trucks 167,000 Accumulated depreciation-Trucks Land $
The balance sheet for Wilson Trucking Company, given the various entries in their books would be:
Assets
Current assets :
Cash 6,000
Accounts receivable 26,000
Office supplies 7,000
Total current assets 39,000
Property, Plant and Equipment :
Land 85,000
Trucks 167,000
Less : Accumulated depreciation -34,200 132,800
Total Property, Plant and Equipment 217,800
Total assets $256,800
Liabilities :
Current liabilities :
Accounts payable 11,000
Interest payable 3,000
Total current liabilities 14,000
Long term liabilities :
Long term note payable 63,000
Total liabilities 77,000
Stockholder’s Equity
Retained earnings 164,800
Common stock 15,000
Total stockholder’s Equity 179,800
Total liabilities and stockholders equity $256,800
How to design a balance sheet ?Designing a balance sheet involves organizing and presenting financial information in a structured format that provides a snapshot of an organization's financial position at a specific point in time.
Divide the balance sheet into two main sections: assets and liabilities. Start with the assets section. List all the organization's assets in decreasing order of liquidity. Below the assets section, list the organization's liabilities. Following the liabilities section, include the equity section.
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Jeff Look for Work Loaf The Great Recession of 2007-2009 hit young people particularly hard, with long-lasting effects. The U.S. unemployment rate for 20- to 24-year-olds went from 8.5% in 2007 to 16% in 2009, stayed above 13% through 2012, but fell to 7% by the first half of 2018. As a result, more adult children moved back to live with their parents or asked for financial help than in previous years. The share of 25- to 34-year-olds living in multigenerational households rose from 11% in 1980 to 15% in 2016. A recent survey finds that 41% of parents provide financial support to their 23- to 28-year-old offspring. Indeed, parents give 10% of their income on average their adult children. Mimi wants to support her son Jeff if he looks for work but not otherwise. Jeff (unlike most young people) wants to try to find a job only if his mother will not support his life of indolence. Mimi and Jeff's payoff matrix is illustrated in the figure to the right If Jeff and Mimi choose actions simultaneously, what are the pure- or mixed-strategy Nash equilibria? Determine the pure-strategy Nash equilibrium for this game. Support Mimi No Support 0 O A. The Nash equilibrium is for Mimi to support and Jeff to look for work. OB. The Nash equilibrium is for Mimi to not support and Jeff to look for work. O C. The Nash equilibrium is for Mimi to support and Jeff to loaf. OD. The Nash equilibrium is for Mimi to not support and Jeff to loaf. E. This game has no Nash equilibria. Determine the mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium for this game. The mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium is for Mimi to support with probability and for Jeff to look for work with probability 0,-. (Enter your responses rounded to two decimal places.)
The answer is option B (p, q) = (2/3, 1/3)..
The Nash equilibrium is for Mimi to not support and Jeff to look for work. Determine the pure-strategy Nash equilibrium for this game.
Mimi and Jeff's payoff matrix is given below:
Support Mimi
No Support
Jeff Looks for Work0,00,100,-1
Jeff Loafs-10,0-5,-2
The Nash equilibrium is for Mimi to not support and Jeff to look for work. This is because this is the only point where both players are maximizing their payoffs. In this scenario, Mimi's payoff is -5 which is the highest value for Mimi if Jeff looks for work. Jeff's payoff is -1 which is the highest value for Jeff if Mimi does not support him. Hence, the answer is option B.
The mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium is for Mimi to support with probability and for Jeff to look for work with probability 0,-.To determine the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium, we need to compare the expected payoff when both players select their strategies randomly.
Mimi supports Jeff with probability p and does not support him with probability 1-p. Jeff looks for work with probability q and loafs with probability 1-q.
The expected payoffs for Mimi and Jeff are given by:
EM = -5p + (1-p)qEJ = -1q + (1-q)2p
The Nash equilibrium is found when both players maximize their payoffs simultaneously. Setting the derivatives of EM and EJ to zero, we obtain:
p = 2/3 and q = 1/3
The mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium is for Mimi to support with probability 2/3 and for Jeff to look for work with probability 1/3. Therefore, the answer is (p, q) = (2/3, 1/3).
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suon Completion Status: Moving to another question will save this response. Question of 16 Question 9 On Dec 31, 2020, ABC Corp issued 4-year, 7% bonds with $2,000,000 as par value ABC Corp received $
Calculated semi-annual interest times the entire semi-annual period = $ 70,000 x 8 = $ 560,000.
The calculation is as follows:
Bond premium calculation: Issue price minus bond face value
= $ 2,240,000 - $ 2,000,000
= $ 240,000
Explanation: Bond premium refers to money received over the bond's face value. Interest paid on a bond in cash twice a year is calculated as: Interest rate times bond face value times time weight factor
= ($ 2,000,000 x 7%) x 6/ 12
= $ 70,000
semi-annual interest Calculation Bond premium calculated as premium divided by the number of semi-annual period . Bonds are issued for 4 years, or 8 half-yearly periods.
= $ 240,000 / 8
= $ 30,000
Explanation: Bond premium payments are evenly amortized over the life of the bond. Bond face value multiplied by the interest rate and the time weighting factor over a four-year period equals the total bond interest expenditure. = $ 2,000,000 x 7%
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Instructions a. Compute the break-even point and the margin of safety ratio (round to 3 places) for each company. b. Compute the degree of operating leverage for each company and interpret your results. c. Assuming that sales revenue increases by 20%, prepare a CVP income statement for each company. d. Assuming that sales revenue decreases by 20%, prepare a CVP income statement for each company. e. Discuss how the cost structure of these two companies affects their operating leverage and profitability.
a. The break-even point and margin of safety ratio for each company would depend on the specific financial information provided. Without that information, it is not possible to compute these values.
b. The degree of operating leverage for each company can be computed by dividing the percentage change in operating income by the percentage change in sales. Interpretation of the results would also require specific financial information.
To compute the break-even point, we need information such as fixed costs, variable costs, and selling prices per unit. The margin of safety ratio can be calculated by dividing the difference between actual sales and the break-even point by actual sales.
The degree of operating leverage is a measure of how sensitive a company's operating income is to changes in sales. It is calculated by dividing the percentage change in operating income by the percentage change in sales.
Preparing a CVP income statement requires information on sales revenue, variable costs, fixed costs, and operating income. Without this information, it is not possible to prepare the statements.
The cost structure of a company affects its operating leverage and profitability. A company with high fixed costs and low variable costs will have higher operating leverage, as small changes in sales can have a significant impact on operating income. However, it also means that if sales decrease, the impact on profitability can be greater.
On the other hand, a company with low fixed costs and high variable costs will have lower operating leverage and may have more stable profitability in response to changes in sales.
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A business absorbs overhead based on machine hours.which were budgeted at 5.625 machine hours with the budgeted production overhead of RM129.375 Actual results were 5,490 machine hours with actual overhead ofRM127.346 Compute the over or under absorption. A. Over absorbed by RM1.076. B. Under absorbed by RM1.076 C. Over absorbed by RM2.029 D. Under absorbed by RM2.029
The answer is B. Under absorbed by RM1.076.
To calculate the overhead absorption, we need to compare the budgeted overhead with the actual overhead. In this case, the budgeted production overhead is RM129.375, while the actual overhead is RM127.346.
Overhead absorption = Budgeted production overhead - Actual overheadOverhead absorption = RM129.375 - RM127.346Overhead absorption = RM2.029Since the result is positive (RM2.029), it means that the overhead was over-absorbed. However, the question asks for the over or under absorption, so we need to consider the sign. Since the overhead was over-absorbed, the correct answer is B. Under absorbed by RM1.076.
The difference of RM1.076 represents the amount by which the actual overhead falls short of the budgeted overhead. This indicates that the business allocated less overhead to production than it actually incurred based on the machine hours. It suggests that the actual overhead expenses were higher than what was budgeted, leading to an under-absorption of overhead.
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global market distribution system and because the Breathe Right strips complemented the 3M first-aid product line.Refer to Breathe Right. To market the nasal strips in countries outside the United States, CNS and 3M provided the strips to the national sports teams. For example, sales in South Africa took off when the entire South African rugby team wore the strips when they won the World Cup of rugby. This example primarily illustrates the use of which element of the global marketing mix
Answer:
Promotion
Explanation:
Marketing mix is a combination of factors which are controlled by the organization for influencing customers. There are 4Ps in the marketing mix, people, process, promotion, product. In the given scenario emphasis is laid on the promotion.
Suppose an investor holds an equity index portfolio of DJIA, FTSE, CAC 40 and Nikkei 225. Assume that DJIA and FTSE have a 10-day liquidity horizon, CAC 40 has a 40-day liquidity horizon, and Nikkei 225 has a 20-day liquidity horizon. Consider computing a 10-day 97.5% expected shortfall using the overlapping periods method in conjunction with historical simulation and the cascade approach. a. How many expected shortfalls (ES) need to be computed in this case? (1 mark) b. Carefully describe how to compute each ES. (3 marks) c. How do we aggregate the different ES by adjusting for liquidity horizons
In this case, there are three expected shortfalls (ES) that need to be computed. These ES are computed for the indexes DJIA and FTSE that have a 10-day liquidity horizon, Nikkei 225 that has a 20-day liquidity horizon, and CAC 40 that has a 40-day liquidity horizon.
To compute each expected shortfall (ES) using the overlapping periods method in conjunction with historical simulation and the cascade approach, For each index, use historical data to simulate returns for the holding period. For example, use the returns of DJIA and FTSE over the last 10 days to simulate returns for the next 10 days. Step 2: Sort the simulated returns in descending order and select the 97.5th percentile return as the expected shortfall (ES). Repeat this step for each index.
Compute the weighted average of the ES for each index to obtain the ES for the portfolio. The weights are determined by the proportion of the portfolio invested in each index. c. We can aggregate the different ES by adjusting for liquidity horizons by scaling each index's ES by the square root of its liquidity horizon. This adjustment is made to account for the fact that longer liquidity horizons are associated with higher uncertainty. The scaled ES are then weighted by the proportion of the portfolio invested in each index, and then aggregated to obtain the overall ES for the portfolio.
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Roger Corporation produces goods in the United States, to be sold by a separate division located in Italy. More specifically, the Italian division imports units of product X34 from the U.S. and sells them for $955 each. (Imports of similar goods sell for $855.) The Italian division is subject to a 35% tax rate whereas the U.S. tax rate is only 30%. The manufacturing cost of product X34 in the United States is $725. Furthermore, there is a 10% import duty computed on the transfer price that will be paid by the Italian division and is deductible when computing Italian income. Tax laws of the two countries allow transfer prices to be set at U.S. manufacturing cost or the selling prices of comparable imports in Italy
Analyze the profitability of the U.S. division, the Italian division, and Roger as a whole to determine if the overall corporation would be better off if transfers took place at (1) U.S. manufacturing cost or (2) the selling price of comparable imports
Roger Corporation would be better off if transfers took place at the selling price of comparable imports in Italy ($855). The profitability of the US division would remain the same as it would earn an operating income of $75 per unit regardless of the transfer price.
Analysis of the profitability of the US division, the Italian division, and Roger as a whole:
U.S. DivisionThe US division sells the product X34 to the Italian division for $800 (i.e., $725 + 10% x $725).The transfer price of $800 is less than the U.S. selling price of comparable imports, $855. Thus, there is no arm’s-length issue associated with the transfer price.
The U.S. division's operating income is $800 - $725 = $75 per unit.
The operating income earned by the US division before tax is $75, which represents a profit margin of approximately 10.3%.
Italian DivisionThe Italian division sells the product X34 for $955.The transfer price of $800 plus the 10% import duty is lower than the Italian selling price of comparable imports, $955. There is no arm’s-length issue associated with the transfer price.
The Italian division's operating income before tax is $955 - ($800 + 10% x $800) = $55 per unit.
The operating income earned by the Italian division before tax is $55 per unit, which represents a profit margin of approximately 5.8%.
Roger Corporation as a WholeThe operating income of the US division and the Italian division can be summed to determine the operating income earned by Roger Corporation as a whole.
The operating income earned by Roger Corporation as a whole is:$75 (US operating income per unit) + $55 (Italian operating income per unit) = $130 per unit.
The operating income earned by Roger Corporation as a whole is $130 per unit when the transfer price is set at US manufacturing cost.
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On 30 April, CBA declares a 4:1 share split. If you had 2
million shares each worth $40 before the split, how many shares
would you have after the split and what is each share worth
now?
A. 4 million
After the 4:1 share split, Sarah would have b) 4 million shares at $20 each.
On May 30, CBA (Commonwealth Bank of Australia) declared a 4:1 share split.
If Sarah initially had 2 million shares of CBA, each worth $40 before the split, the share split would result in an adjustment of both the number of shares and their individual value.
In a 4:1 share split, the number of shares is multiplied by 4, and the share price is divided by 4.
b) 4 million at $20 each: This option reflects the correct outcome of the share split.
After the split, the number of shares would increase to 8 million (2 million multiplied by 4), and the value of each share would be $20 ($40 divided by 2).
The share split increases the number of shares while decreasing the individual share price, making the shares more accessible and potentially improving liquidity.
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Question: On 30 May, CBA declares a 4:1 share split. If Sarah had 2 million shares each worth $40 before the split, how many shares would she have after the split and what is each share worth now?
a) 4 million at $40 each
b)4 million at $20 each
c)8 million at $40 each
d)8 million at $10 each.
he economy has seen the unemployment rate increase from 5.7% to 9.5% due to the Covid-19 crisis. During the same period, the rate of inflation declined from 9% to 0.7%, and the government had a budget deficit. The government wants to use fiscal policy to spur rapid growth of real GDP. It is weighing whether to spend more on infrastructure programs or to cut income taxes. (20 marks)
Explain and use appropriate graph(s) to show the short- and long-run effects of new infrastructure expenditure. (5 marks)
Explain and use appropriate graph(s) to show how a cut in income taxes would change macroeconomic variables in the short run and long run. (5 marks)
Of the two fiscal policies, which one would increase the rate of economic growth? Explain. (5 marks)
Explain the risks of the two fiscal policies. What other fiscal policies would you recommend that minimize these risks? (5 marks)
To answer your questions, let's analyze the effects of new infrastructure expenditure and a cut in income taxes on macroeconomic variables in the short run and long run.
1. Effects of New Infrastructure Expenditure:
In the short run, increased infrastructure expenditure can stimulate economic activity and create jobs. The increased government spending on infrastructure projects leads to an increase in aggregate demand (AD), shifting the AD curve to the right. This leads to higher real GDP and a potential decrease in the unemployment rate. The graph below illustrates this shift:
[Graph: AD curve shifting to the right]
In the long run, the effects of new infrastructure expenditure depend on how it is financed. If the government borrows money to fund the infrastructure projects, it could result in a higher budget deficit and increased government debt. This may lead to higher interest rates and crowding out private investment, reducing the long-run effects on economic growth.2. Effects of a Cut in Income Taxes:
In the short run, a cut in income taxes puts more money in the hands of consumers, increasing their disposable income. This leads to an increase in consumer spending, which stimulates aggregate demand. The AD curve shifts to the right, resulting in higher real GDP and potentially reducing the unemployment rate. The graph below illustrates this shift:
[Graph: AD curve shifting to the right]
In the long run, the effects of a tax cut depend on how it is financed. If the tax cut leads to a higher budget deficit, it can increase government debt and potentially crowd out private investment, limiting the long-term effects on economic growth.3. Increasing the Rate of Economic Growth:
Between the two fiscal policies, increased infrastructure expenditure is more likely to have a direct impact on economic growth in the long run. Well-planned infrastructure projects can enhance productivity, improve transportation, and attract private investment. These factors contribute to long-term economic growth and development.4. Risks and Recommendations:
Both fiscal policies carry certain risks. Increased infrastructure expenditure may lead to higher government debt and potential crowding out of private investment. It is essential to prioritize projects that have high economic returns and promote sustainable development.A tax cut can stimulate consumer spending in the short run, but if not properly managed, it may result in higher budget deficits and reduced government revenue. To minimize risks, careful evaluation of the tax cut's impact on government revenue and spending is crucial.
Additionally, other fiscal policies that can minimize risks and support economic growth include:
Targeted investment in research and development (R&D) to promote innovation and technological advancements.Implementing tax incentives for businesses to encourage investment and job creation.Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of government spending through better public financial management.Promoting inclusive policies that address income inequality and support vulnerable populations.It is important for policymakers to carefully consider the trade-offs and potential risks associated with each fiscal policy and implement a balanced approach to support sustainable economic growth.
About InfrastructureInfrastructure is all structures and also basic facilities, both physical and social, such as buildings, electricity supply, irrigation, roads, bridges and others needed for the operational activities of communities and companies.
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Sproul's common stock has an expected return of 13.48%. The
return on the S&P 500 is 11.6% and the U.S. T-Bill rate is
3.42%. What is Sproul's beta?
Sproul's beta is 1.23. Beta is a measure of the risk associated with a stock compared to the overall stock market. It is a metric used in finance and investing to quantify the volatility of an individual stock in relation to the overall market.
Beta is a widely used measure to determine the risk of a stock and is calculated using a regression analysis, which measures the relationship between the returns of a specific stock and the returns of the overall market.
The beta of a stock is calculated by dividing the covariance of the stock's returns with the market returns by the variance of the market returns.
The formula for beta is as follows:Beta = Covariance (Stock Returns, Market Returns) / Variance (Market Returns)Given that Sproul's common stock has an expected return of 13.48%, the return on the S&P 500 is 11.6%, and the U.S. T-Bill rate is 3.42%, we can calculate Sproul's beta as follows:Beta = (13.48% - 3.42%) / (11.6% - 3.42%)Beta = 10.06% / 8.18%Beta = 1.23.
Therefore, Sproul's beta is 1.23.
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why
we get -15529.23?
what is the steps?
A new production system for a factory is to be purchased and installed for $175,812. This system will save approximately 300,000 kWh of electric power each year for a 6-year period. Assume the cost of
The amount saved is less than the cost of the new system,
it results in a negative equivalent present worth, i.e., -$26,631.37.
Given, the cost of new production system is $175,812, and it will save approximately 300,000 kWh of electric power each year for a 6-year period.
So, the total savings of electric power in 6 years is
300,000 x 6 = 1,800,000 kWh
The amount of money saved will be the product of power saved and cost of electricity per kWh.
Given, the amount of money saved is $66,015.36 for 1,000,000 kWh.
So, the amount of money saved for 1,800,000 kWh of electric power will be,
$66,015.36 x 1.8 = $118,827.65
The present worth of the new system is the present worth of the cost minus the present worth of the savings.
Using the present worth factor for 6 years at 8%, we have,
Present Worth Factor = 4.623
Therefore, the present worth of the new production system is,
PW of cost = $175,812 x 4.623
= $812,385.19
And, PW of savings = $118,827.65 x 4.623
= $549,753.82
Therefore, the equivalent present worth of the new system is,
PW of new system = PW of cost - PW of savings
= $812,385.19 - $549,753.82
= $262,631.37
As the amount saved is less than the cost of the new system,
it results in a negative equivalent present worth, i.e., -$26,631.37.
Thus, we get -15529.23.
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the interest on a $2,000, 7%, 90-day note receivable is a. $140 b. $47 c. $35 d. $70
The correct answer is option C, $35, which is the closest value to $34.56. A note receivable is a written agreement or promissory note by a debtor to pay a certain amount of money at a certain time. The creditor or lender can then earn interest income based on the interest rate of the note receivable. The interest calculation formula used for calculating the interest on a note receivable is:
Interest = Principal × Rate × Time
Here, Principal refers to the amount of money borrowed or lent, Rate refers to the interest rate per year, and Time refers to the duration of the loan or investment. It is usually measured in terms of years, months, or days.
In this case, the principal amount is $2,000, the interest rate is 7%, and the duration of the loan is 90 days. To calculate the interest earned on the note receivable, we need to convert the time period into years, since the rate is given as an annual rate. To do that, we can use the following formula:
Time in years = Time in days ÷ 365
Here, Time in days = 90, since the loan is for 90 days. Therefore, Time in years = 90 ÷ 365 = 0.2466 (rounded to 4 decimal places).
Now, we can plug in the values of the principal, rate, and time into the interest formula:
Interest = $2,000 × 7% × 0.2466
Interest = $34.5624
Therefore, the interest earned on the $2,000, 7%, 90-day note receivable is approximately $34.56. So, the correct answer is option C, $35, which is the closest value to $34.56.
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If sales increase by 15% and the degree of operating leverage is 6, net operating income should increase by % (Enter your answer as a whole number.)
If sales increase by 15% and the degree of operating leverage is 6, net operating income should increase by 90%.
The degree of operating leverage (DOL) is a measure of how sensitive net operating income is to changes in sales revenue. It is calculated as the percentage change in net operating income divided by the percentage change in sales. In this case, the DOL is given as 6.
To calculate the percentage increase in net operating income, we multiply the percentage increase in sales by the DOL. In this case, the sales increase is 15%, so we multiply 15% by 6 to get 90%. Therefore, net operating income should increase by 90%.
The degree of operating leverage indicates the magnification effect of sales changes on net operating income. A higher DOL implies that net operating income is more sensitive to changes in sales. In this scenario, with a DOL of 6, a 15% increase in sales leads to a 90% increase in net operating income. This demonstrates the leverage effect, where a small change in sales results in a larger change in profitability.
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A complaint is an important part of the trial process, because it states the basis for the lawsuit. A complaint consists of the following:
Caption
Statement of jurisdiction
Allegations
Prayer for relief
Signature
Demand for a jury trial
After reading The Legal Odyssey of Mr. Brown: Anatomy of the Litigation Process in your textbook, draft a complaint for Brown. See the Resources folder for an example of a complaint. When you're ready to submit, save this assignment document with your name, and upload it for review.
A complaint is a legal document used to file a lawsuit in court. It states the basis for the lawsuit and includes information about the parties involved, the events that led to the lawsuit, and the relief being sought by the plaintiff.
A complaint is an important part of the trial process, as it initiates the lawsuit and sets the stage for the rest of the litigation process.In the case of The Legal Odyssey of Mr. Brown, a complaint would need to be drafted in order to initiate the lawsuit.
The complaint would include a prayer for relief, which is a statement of the relief being sought by the plaintiff, as well as a demand for a jury trial. The complaint would also need to include information about the parties involved, the events that led to the lawsuit, and any other relevant information necessary to support the plaintiff's case.
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