The composition and organization of peptidoglycan differ between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, leading to cell wall structure and properties variations.
Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer compared to gram-negative bacteria. In gram-positive bacteria, the peptidoglycan layer is the major component of the cell wall and can constitute up to 90% of its weight. The peptidoglycan layer is highly cross-linked, forming a thick, rigid structure. It consists of multiple layers of peptidoglycan chains stacked together, which gives gram-positive bacteria their characteristic purple color after staining with crystal violet in the Gram staining method.
In contrast, gram-negative bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer, typically constituting 10-20% of the cell wall weight. The peptidoglycan layer in gram-negative bacteria is located in the periplasmic space between the inner and outer membranes. The peptidoglycan chains in gram-negative bacteria are less cross-linked and are arranged as a single layer. This thinner and less rigid peptidoglycan layer is why gram-negative bacteria appear pink or red after Gram staining.
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Question 4
Blood sugar homeostasis plays an important role in our health and well-being. If
blood sugar levels get too low or high, there are serious health complications that
can result. Which two body systems regulate blood sugar levels? Click on the correct
answers.
Select 2 correct answer(s)
A-Nervous System
B-Musculoskeletal System
C-Respiratory System
D-Digestive System
is plasma the liquid portion of blood?
Answer:
Plasma is the liquid portion of blood. About 55% of our blood is plasma, and the remaining 45% are red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets that are suspended in the plasma.
Explanation:
Answer: Plasma is the liquid portion of blood.
Explanation: About 55% of out blood is plasma, and the remaining 45% are red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets that are suspended in the plasma.
How did beadle and tatum’s work on auxotroph’s suggest that metabolism was controlled by protein enzymes?
Beadle and Tatum's work on auxotroph's suggested that metabolism was controlled by protein enzymes by identifying the link between genes and enzymes. This theory is also referred to as "one gene, one enzyme hypothesis" as stated in their experiment.
The experiment was conducted using a bread mold called Neurospora crassa, where they grew the mold on a minimal growth medium that lacked specific nutrients. The scientists observed that certain mutations in the mold led to the inability to grow on this minimal growth medium. They identified the mold that could grow on a medium containing arginine, but failed to grow on a medium that lacked arginine. They then discovered that the mutated molds were deficient in producing specific enzymes required to produce arginine and could only grow on a medium containing arginine.Since the mutants required a specific nutrient that the wild types did not, Beadle and Tatum postulated that the mutations were caused by altered or disrupted genes that affect the enzymes produced by these genes.
Thus, the mutants were unable to produce the required enzymes, which resulted in their inability to grow on the minimal growth medium. Therefore, the experiment concluded that one gene encoded for one enzyme which was responsible for controlling the metabolic pathway of producing arginine. The experiment showed that each gene encoded for a specific enzyme in the metabolic pathway that controlled the production of arginine.
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What do organisms use most of this energy for?
a) so they can continue to digest food
b) so they can continue to move around
c) so they can continue to breathe
d) so they can grow repair and reproduce
e) all of the above
Answer:
E
Explanation:
They need energy to do all these necessary feats.
glutamate is the neurotransmitter released at the rod-bipolar cell synapse. when there is light, the rod membrane potential will
When there is light, the rod membrane potential will hyperpolarize due to the release of glutamate at the rod-bipolar cell synapse.
In the dark, rods are depolarized and continuously release glutamate onto bipolar cells, inhibiting their activity. When light enters the eye and is absorbed by the rod photoreceptor cells, a cascade of events occurs, leading to the closure of sodium channels and hyperpolarization of the rod membrane. This hyperpolarization reduces the release of glutamate from the rod cells onto bipolar cells.
With decreased glutamate release, bipolar cells become disinhibited and can transmit signals to downstream cells in the visual pathway. Therefore, in the presence of light, the rod membrane potential will hyperpolarize, resulting in a reduction of glutamate release at the rod-bipolar cell synapse.
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Which term best describes the number of calories the body uses at rest?
A. basal metabolic rate
B. resting caloric count
C.resting heart rate
D. body mass index
The correct option is (a). The term that best describes the number of calories the body uses at rest is basal metabolic rate (BMR).
The term that best describes the number of calories the body uses at rest is basal metabolic rate (BMR). BMR is the amount of energy that your body requires to maintain basic functions like breathing, circulation, and maintaining body temperature while you are at rest. It's influenced by factors such as age, gender, weight, body composition, and genetics. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is a measure of how many calories the body uses when at rest. The basal metabolic rate is the minimum number of calories the body requires to sustain its vital functions, including heartbeat, respiration, and maintenance of body temperature, while at rest. This is typically measured while you are awake, but relaxed and in a fasting state. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) refers to the amount of energy that your body requires to maintain basic functions while at rest, and it is influenced by several factors. BMR accounts for around 60-70% of your total daily energy expenditure, which means that it plays a significant role in weight management. For instance, if you have a high BMR, you will burn more calories even when you are not active, which can help you lose weight or maintain a healthy weight. However, if you have a low BMR, you will burn fewer calories even when at rest, which can make it harder to lose weight.To calculate BMR, one needs to take into account their age, gender, weight, height, and body composition. The formula used to calculate BMR is different for men and women.
For instance, for men, the formula is BMR = 88.362 + (13.397 x weight in kg) + (4.799 x height in cm) - (5.677 x age in years).
For women, the formula is BMR = 447.593 + (9.247 x weight in kg) + (3.098 x height in cm) - (4.330 x age in years).
Knowing your BMR can help you determine how many calories you need to consume daily to maintain your weight or achieve your weight loss goals.
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How do plants obtain their energy?
Answer:
they obtain their energy from the sun and water and pollen
Explanation:
Sorry if I'm wrong have a good one!
(c) Based on the data, describe the time period during which Chlorella approximates exponential growth. Based on
the data and assuming logistic growth, describe the time period during which the Chlorella population has reached
the carrying capacity of the culture. Based the data, calculate the growth rate per day for the 5-day period with
the greatest growth rate.
Populations that experience a logistic growth model depend on the density and available resources. A) 5 - 10 days. B) 25 - 30 days. C) 0.27 x 10⁶cells/mL/day
What is the logistic growth model?In a logistic growth model, the population growth depends on density. Natality and mortality depend on the population size, meaning that there is no independence between population growth and population density.
When a population grows in a limited space, density rises gradually and eventually affects the multiplication rate. The population per capita growth rate decreases as population size increases.
The population reaches a maximum point delimited by available resources, such as food or space. This point is known as the carrying capacity, K.
K is a constant that equals population size at the equilibrium point, in which the natality and the mortality rate get qual to each other.
Assuming that the population size is N, when
N<K, the population can still grow. N approximates to K, the population's growth speed decreases. N=K the population reaches equilibrium, N>K, the population must decrease in size because there are not enough resources to maintain that size.The sigmoid curve represents the logistic growth model.
In the example,
Between 0 and 5 days the population remains relatively stableBetween 5 and 10 days Chlorella approximates exponential growth.Between 10 and 20 days Chlorella experiences exponential growth. Between 20 and 25 days the population is near the K and decreases its growth rate.From 25 to 30 days, the population reached the equilibrium point, and got to stabilize.Time period during which Chlorella,
A) approximates exponential growth ⇒ Between 5 and 10 days
Between 10 and 20 days its already exponential growth.
B) has reached the carrying capacity of the culture ⇒ 25 to 30 days
Finally,
C) Growth rate per day for the 5-day period with the greatest growth rate.
First we need to figure out during which period Chlorella experiences the greatest growth rate. To do it, we just need to make the following substraction,
Growth rate per period = final concentration - initial concentration
Period 0-5 ⇒ 0.08 - 0.01 = 0.07Period 5-10 ⇒ 0.55 - 0.08 = 0.47Period 10-15 ⇒ 1.9 - 0.55 = 1.35Period 15-20 ⇒ 2.8 - 1.9 = 0.9Period 20-25 ⇒ 3.2 - 2.8 = 0.4Period 25-30 ⇒ 3.2 - 3.2 = 0Now we know that during the period from 10 to 15 days, the population experienced its greatest growth rate. But this rate is acchieved in 5 days. Now we need to find out the growth rate per day. So all we need to do, is to divide the result of the substraction per 5 days,
1.35 x 10⁶ / 5 days = 0.27 x 10⁶ cells/mL/day
The answer is 0.27 x 10⁶ cells/mL/day
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5) Describe crossing-over. When does crossing-over occur? What is the result?
Answer:
Crossing over occurs between prophase I and metaphase I and is the process where two homologous non-sister chromatids pair up with each other and exchange different segments of genetic material to form two recombinant chromosome sister chromatids.
Explanation:
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which statement best describes a cause and its effect during the process or muscle contraction?
Answer. The most appropriate statement that is explaining the effect and cause during muscle contraction is. “The release of calcium ions causes myosin and actin to attach to each other.” The activation of muscles helps in the generation of muscles that send out the signals to the neurons.
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need help asap please :( I think its C but I don't think that's right
Which of the following most correctly represents biomanipulation through the top-down model?
Addition of quaternary consumers, so that tertiary consumers can decrease
Removal of tertiary consumers, so that secondary consumers can increase
Addition of primary producers, so that secondary consumers can increase
Removal of secondary consumers, so that tertiary consumers can increase
Answer: I am taking this flvs test right now and I think it might be A or B
I think the final answer would be A
Explanation:
The reason I don't think its C because the addition of primary producers wouldn't directly affect secondary consumers. It would first affect the primary consumers.
The only answer that would directly affect a certain group is A.
Prokaryote regulate gene expression at which of the following levels?
1. mRNA transcription
2. mRNA translation, mRNA translation and epigenetic inheritance
3. epigenetic inheritance only
4. mRNA translation and epigenetic inheritance
5. alternative mRNA processing and chromatin compaction.
Please help to choose the best answer.
Prokaryotes regulate gene expression at 1. mRNA transcription level.
Prokaryotes largely control mRNA transcription when it comes to controlling gene expression. Prokaryotic gene regulation entails regulating the start of transcription by enhancing or impairing RNA polymerase's affinity for the promoter region of the gene. The binding of transcription factors, presence of activators and repressors, and presence of certain DNA sequences are only a few of the techniques used to achieve this control.
Prokaryotes also have other levels of control of gene expression, including as mRNA translation, mRNA processing, chromatin compaction, and epigenetic inheritance, although these levels are not as important as mRNA transcription in terms of primary regulation. These extra degrees of control over gene expression are more typical of eukaryotic cells.
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Help please <3 Thank you
Answer:
The answer is C
:::::::::::::::::::
Select all of the following that are true regarding mutations.
a) All mutations are harmful
b) Some mutations have little to no effect on protein folding
c) A mutation that drastically changes a protein is likely to be beneficial
d) Mutations can be the cause of diseases
e) Mutations are alterations in DNA sequences
The true statements regarding mutations are: Mutations can be the cause of diseases and Mutations are alterations in DNA sequences (Option D, E).
Mutations are defined as changes or alterations in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome. They can occur spontaneously or as a result of exposure to certain substances (mutagens) or radiation. Mutations can result in a change in the protein that is made by a gene. The two true statements regarding mutations are Mutations can be the cause of diseases and Mutations are alterations in DNA sequences. Some mutations have little or no effect on protein folding, but others can result in the creation of a non-functional protein or one that does not perform as it should. Mutations that drastically change the protein are unlikely to be beneficial because they can result in the protein losing its function or in a harmful function. Therefore, mutations can cause diseases.
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Which pair of microscope views represents a eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell?
Answer: it might Be C or B
Explanation:
Why are Wind Turbines being moved offshore?
Answer:
Wind turbines are being moved offshore because the wind comes at the right time: Offshore winds are usually higher throughout the day, allowing for more reliable and productive electricity output when market demand is highest. The majority of land-based wind resources are more efficient at night when demand for electricity is smaller.
28. Eubacteria can be distinguished from archaebacteria by
a.The presence of a true nucleus
b. Being multicellular
Difference in the makeup of cell wall
d. The presence of organelles
Answer: D
Explanation:
i am sorry if this is wrong
How could you describe the levels of organization in a decomposer?
an organism, especially a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate, that decomposes organic material.
Which of the following is a correct representation of secondary
succession?
A. bare rock -> lichens + mosses -> grass -> shrubs -> trees
B. trees -> shrubs
-> flowers -> grass
C. soil -> grass -> shrubs -> trees
D. grass -> bare rock -> soil -> trees
Which of the following best explains why ligase is required for DNA replication?
Ugase facilitates the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter region.
Ligase enables the newly synthesized DNA to twist into a double helix
Ligase forms the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases in the two strands of DNA
The lagging strand cannot be replicated continuously, and ligase is needed to join the fragments
The lagging strand cannot be replicated continuously, and the need for ligase to join the fragments best explains why ligase is necessary for DNA replication. Here option D is the correct answer.
DNA replication is the process by which a cell duplicates its DNA prior to cell division. It involves the synthesis of two new strands of DNA, the leading strand, and the lagging strand. The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments called Okazaki fragments.
The lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction of DNA unwinding, making it necessary to synthesize it discontinuously. As the replication fork progresses, short Okazaki fragments are synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction away from the replication fork. However, these fragments are not yet connected to form a continuous strand.
This is where ligase comes into play. Ligase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in DNA replication by catalyzing the joining (ligation) of the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand. It forms phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides, sealing the gaps between the fragments and creating a continuous, double-stranded DNA molecule.
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Complete question:
Which of the following best explains why ligase is required for DNA replication?
A - Ugase facilitates the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter region.
B - Ligase enables the newly synthesized DNA to twist into a double helix
C - Ligase forms the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases in the two strands of DNA
D - The lagging strand cannot be replicated continuously, and ligase is needed to join the fragments
Digestive enzymes in your stomach and intestines help digest the food you eat. If you are lactose intolerant and cannot digest milk products, it is the result of a mutated message in your...
Group of answer choices
lysosomes
nucleolus
chromosomes
X and Y chromosome
Answer:
chromosomes
Explanation:
that is what your genes are located in
Division creates 2 types of B Cells: _________________ and Memory B Cells
Lymphocyte is the anwer
Answer:
Hello There!!
Explanation:
The answer is plasma cells.
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how do animals contribute to the carbon cycle
Answer:
hope it helps have a nice day
Answer: All animals, from humans to the dinosaurs are part of the carbon cycle. When animals eat food, they get carbon in the form of carbohydrates and proteins. The carbon combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide [CO2] and is released back into the atmosphere as a waste product when animals breathe and exhale.
how does geosphere effect the rock cycle?
Hydrosphere and Atmosphere: The erosion of rocks, a major part of the rock cycle and change in the geosphere over time, turns rock into sediment and then, sometimes, to sedimentary rock. ... Different combinations of sedimentary rocks form in environments with different climate conditions.
8th grade science plsss answer
Answer:
Type the question
Explanation:
I can't see
Answer:
me neither
Explanation:
Which type of reproduction produces offspring with more genetic variations?
(Include the terms "mitosis" and "metosis" in your answer)
Answer: Meiosis
Explanation:
Mitosis results in clones that are genetically identical to their parents. Meiosis has processes like crossing over and the law of independent assortment which allow for genetic variatoin and recombinants.
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If two or more elements chemically combine what do they make?
Just a random question cuz why not? Brainliest to whoever answers correctly!
What is the difference between biology and chemistry?
Answer:
Biology is science about life and how it survives, breeds, and dies,
Whereas chemistry is about chemical concoctions such as sulfuric acid.
When you hear a phone number and write it down, your brain uses: ____
A. long-term memory.
B. eidetic memory.
C. flashbulb memory.
D. short-term memory.
Answer:
D. short-term memory.
Explanation:
When you hear a phone number and write it down, your brain uses short term memory.Short-term memory refers to the things that people are thinking about in the moment and that are available during a small period as it has a limit to what you can hold. According to this, when you hear a number and write it down your brain uses short-term memory because it is a recent event that you remember in the moment but that you will forget after a period of time.
28)
What is a molecule made from joining together small molecules called monomers?
A)
amino acid
B)
glucose molecule
C)
nucleotide
ne
D)
polymer
20
Answer: D)
polymer
Explanation: