I Calculate the variance in the scenario below and state whether it is positive or negative, favourable or adverse. Explain two challenges of setting budgets. Budgeted profit: £200,000; Actual profit: £410,000 (6 marks)

Discussing American public education from a conservative perspective can be a way of achieving equality of opportunity for all students, depending on how this perspective is applied. At its core, conservatism values individual liberty, personal responsibility, and limited government intervention.

These values can inform policies that promote school choice, parental involvement in education, and accountability for schools. For instance, a conservative approach might support charter schools, vouchers, or tax credits for families who choose to send their children to private schools, as well as rigorous assessments of school performance to ensure that all schools are held to high standards.

However, it is important to note that conservative policies are not a panacea for all the problems in American education. Some critics argue that these policies can exacerbate inequalities by siphoning resources away from public schools, which disproportionately serve low-income and minority students. Moreover, conservative policies may not address the systemic factors that contribute to educational disparities, such as poverty, discrimination, and inadequate funding for schools.

Regarding the Biden administration's view on K-12 education, there are several key priorities that have been outlined. First, the administration aims to reopen schools safely during the COVID-19 pandemic, recognizing the importance of in-person learning for students' academic and social-emotional development. Second, the administration seeks to address the longstanding disparities in education that affect low-income and minority students, by increasing funding for schools that serve these populations, expanding access to early childhood education, and promoting teacher diversity. Finally, the administration aims to promote innovation in education by investing in STEM education, career and technical education, and community college partnerships. Overall, the Biden administration's view on K-12 education is focused on ensuring that all students have access to high-quality educational opportunities that prepare them for success in the 21st century.

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Based on the given information that the amount of costs allocated to the Upper School is calculated to be $240,000, we can conclude that the correct answer is option A.

The allocation of marketing and admin costs to the schools is based on the total tuition revenue for each school. This means that the costs are allocated proportionally to each school based on their respective revenue.

Since the question specifies that the amount of costs allocated to the Upper School is $240,000, it implies that this amount is the result of the allocation process using the tuition revenue as the basis.

It is important to note that without additional information regarding the total tuition revenue of the Upper School and the other schools, we cannot determine the specific allocation rate or the actual revenue amounts of each school. However, given the information provided, the allocated cost to the Upper School is $240,000.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A, $240,000, as it aligns with the given calculation for the number of costs allocated to the Upper School based on tuition revenue.

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The appropriate policy implementation in the given scenario would be option c: lower the interest on reserve balances rate, ON RRP offering rate, and discount rate.

This policy approach aims to stimulate economic activity and encourage lending by reducing borrowing costs for banks and financial institutions. By lowering interest rates, the Federal Reserve can incentivize banks to lend more to businesses and individuals, which can potentially boost spending and investment in the economy. This, in turn, can help address the falling employment levels and support the goal of achieving maximum employment.

Lowering the interest on reserve balances rate can encourage banks to lend excess reserves rather than holding them at the Federal Reserve. This increases the money supply in circulation, making it easier for businesses to access credit and invest in expansion, leading to job creation. Similarly, reducing the ON RRP (overnight reverse repurchase agreement) offering rate makes it less attractive for financial institutions to park their excess funds with the Federal Reserve, prompting them to seek higher returns through lending and investment. Lastly, decreasing the discount rate, which is the interest rate at which the Federal Reserve lends to banks, can encourage borrowing and liquidity in the financial system, further stimulating economic activity.

In conclusion, in a weakening economy with falling employment levels, an appropriate policy implementation would involve lowering interest rates, including the interest on reserve balances rate, ON RRP offering rate, and discount rate.

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Complete Question:

Assume the economy starts to weaken, and the FOMC determines that employment is falling short of maximum employment. Which of the following would best describe an appropriate policy implementation? a. Raise the interest on reserve balances rate, ON RRP offering rate, and discount rate. b. Use open market operations to decrease the level of reserves in the banking system. c. Lower the interest on reserve balances rate, ON RRP offering rate, and discount rate. d. Lower the interest on reserve balances rate and discount rate, and raise the ON RRP offering rate.

Explanation :

In the late Middle Ages, guilds were organizations that regulated and controlled the economic activity of a particular craft or trade. They were comprised of skilled workers, including merchants, craftsmen, and artisans. The guilds' membership was divided into three categories: apprentice, journeyman, and master.

The apprentices were individuals who were in the early stages of learning the trade and were required to work for masters and to live in their homes. Journeymen, on the other hand, were experienced workers who had completed their apprenticeship and were allowed to work for themselves, although they could not own a business.

Finally, the masters were individuals who had completed their training and had demonstrated their mastery of the trade. They were allowed to own businesses and train apprentices. The guilds had a significant influence on business practices during the late Middle Ages.

They were responsible for setting standards for the quality of goods produced by their members and for regulating the price of goods. They also helped to create a sense of community among their members and provided a social safety net by offering assistance to members who were in need. The guilds played a critical role in the economy of the time by ensuring that the trades they represented maintained their quality and integrity.

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Ryan wants $54000 after 15 years. The interest rate available on a specific investment, which he is interested in, is 11% per annum. he should invest today to receive the desired amount invest approximately $12,897.22

John has $35000 as savings and he wants to invest them  John should choose Option 1, which offers a 5% interest rate for 5 years, for his investment.

A $1845 face value bond with an 116% coupon rate is issued .bondholders will receive an interest amount of approximately $2,139.20.

1. Calculating the Investment Amount for Desired Future Value:

To calculate how much Ryan should invest today to receive $54,000 after 15 years with an interest rate of 11% per annum, we can use the formula for calculating the present value of a future amount:

Present Value = Future Value / (1 + Interest Rate)^Number of Periods

Plugging in the values, we get:

Present Value = $54,000 / (1 + 0.11)^15

Calculating this using a calculator or spreadsheet, we find that Ryan should invest approximately $12,897.22 today to receive $54,000 after 15 years.

2. Comparing Investment Options for John:

Option 1 offers a 5% interest rate for 5 years, while Option 2 offers a 3% interest rate for 8 years. To determine which option John should choose, we need to calculate the future value of his savings for each option and compare the results.

Option 1:

Future Value of Option 1 = $35,000 * (1 + 0.05)^5

Calculating this, we find that the future value of Option 1 is approximately $43,856.48.

Option 2:

Future Value of Option 2 = $35,000 * (1 + 0.03)^8

Calculating this, we find that the future value of Option 2 is approximately $41,156.41.

Comparing the future values, we can see that Option 1 offers a higher return, with a future value of $43,856.48 compared to Option 2's future value of $41,156.41. Therefore, John should choose Option 1, which offers a 5% interest rate for 5 years, for his investment.

3. Calculating the Bondholders' Interest:

To calculate the amount of interest the bondholders will receive for a $1,845 face value bond with a 116% coupon rate, we can use the formula:

Interest Amount = Face Value * Coupon Rate

Plugging in the values, we get:

Interest Amount = $1,845 * 116% = $1,845 * 1.16

Calculating this, we find that the bondholders will receive an interest amount of approximately $2,139.20.

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This is True, The View tab of Excel ribbon provides spell check, the thesaurus, and also commands for working with cell comments and worksheet protection.

What is the Excel Ribbon?The Excel Ribbon is the term for the toolbar on top of the Excel worksheet window that contains various tabs with buttons and commands for various Excel operations. The Excel Ribbon was first introduced in Excel 2007 and has since been updated with each new version of Excel.The tabs on the Excel Ribbon are Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Review, and View.

The View tab, one of the tabs in the Excel Ribbon, includes various features for modifying how you see your Excel worksheets. This tab includes commands for working with gridlines, headings, and other worksheet display elements, as well as zoom controls that enable you to zoom in and out on your worksheets.

What are Cell Comments? When you add a comment to a cell in Excel, it's known as a cell comment. You can use cell comments to include additional information about a cell, explain formulas or functions, or provide clarification about data on a worksheet. Cell comments display in a small box adjacent to the cell, and you can view and edit them by selecting the cell and then clicking the Review tab on the Excel Ribbon.

Therefore, the View tab of the Excel ribbon provides spell check, the thesaurus, and also commands for working with cell comments and worksheet protection.

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The Vernon Corporation is looking to allocate costs to achieve smoothing. To determine the amount of overhead, you'll need to perform some calculations.

To allocate costs in order to accomplish smoothing, the Vernon Corporation must first calculate the amount of overhead. The estimated overhead costs are $22,600 per month, with the exception of January when the corporation pays the annual $137,040 annuity. The total overhead for the year can be calculated by multiplying the monthly overhead by 12 and then adding the one-time January expense.
The monthly overhead for 11 months is $22,600 x 11 = $248,600. The total overhead for the year is $248,600 + $137,040 = $385,640. To determine the average monthly overhead, divide the total overhead for the year by 12, which gives you $32,136.67 per month.
Next, to allocate costs in order to achieve smoothing, you need to calculate the difference between the actual overhead and the average monthly overhead. If the actual overhead is greater than the average monthly overhead, then you have a favorable variance, which can be used to offset unfavorable variances in other months. If the actual overhead is less than the average monthly overhead, then you have an unfavorable variance, which must be offset in other months.
For example, if the actual overhead for February is $34,000, then the variance is $1,863.33 ($34,000 - $32,136.67). If the actual overhead for March is $30,500, then the variance is -$1,636.67 ($30,500 - $32,136.67). In this case, the favorable variance from February can offset the unfavorable variance from March, resulting in a net favorable variance of $226.67.
By allocating costs in this manner, the Vernon Corporation can achieve smoothing, which helps to reduce fluctuations in its monthly expenses.

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Corporate governance's fixed investment model requires that firms acting as borrowers must meet two conditions in order to obtain funding from lenders.

The following is how Phoenix should explain these two conditions thoroughly:

Condition 1: The borrower must maintain the agreed-upon debt-to-equity ratio

The borrower must maintain the agreed-upon debt-to-equity ratio according to the first condition of corporate governance's fixed investment model. This ratio can be defined as the proportion of the borrower's borrowed funds to their equity.

This condition ensures that the borrower does not take on too much debt, which can be a danger to the lender's money. As a result, if a borrower defaults, the lender has the option to liquidate the borrower's assets to recover their money.

Condition 2: Borrower's income must exceed a specific amount

The borrower must have an income that exceeds a specific amount according to the second condition of corporate governance's fixed investment model. This condition ensures that the borrower has sufficient cash flow to make timely payments.

As a result, the borrower is required to have a financial statement that includes their income and expenditures, as well as other relevant information. Lenders may use this statement to determine the borrower's creditworthiness.

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To calculate Sophie's gross investment during 2017, we need to consider the initial value of the tanning beds and the cost of the new beds purchased. The initial value of the 4 tanning beds owned on January 1, 2017, is given as $20,000. Additionally, Sophie's purchased 3 new beds during the year at a total cost of $12,000. Therefore, the total gross investment for the year is $20,000 + $12,000 = $32,000.

To calculate Sophie's depreciation during 2017, we need to determine the change in the value of the tanning beds from the beginning of the year to the end of the year. The market value of all of Sophie's beds at the end of the year is given as $24,000. Thus, the depreciation during the year is the difference between the initial value and the ending value: $32,000 - $24,000 = $8,000.

Therefore, Sophie's gross investment during 2017 was $32,000, and her depreciation during the year was $8,000.

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The methods that can be used by investors and businesses to reduce and reallocate risk are diversification and hedging.

Diversification is the process of investing in a variety of assets to spread out risk. It's done by investing in different industries, companies, and asset classes to avoid putting all of your eggs in one basket. The idea behind diversification is that if one asset class or industry performs poorly, the other assets will still provide a return, reducing the overall risk.

Hedging is a strategy that involves taking on an opposite position to an existing investment to reduce the risk. For example, if an investor has a long position in a stock, they may choose to take a short position in the same stock to hedge against potential losses.

By diversifying and hedging their investments, investors and businesses can minimize the risk of loss and reallocate risk to protect their portfolio.

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A global marketing manager, foreign entry manager, and local marketing manager each have distinct skills, abilities, and experiences that set them apart in their roles.

1. Scope of Responsibility: A global marketing manager is responsible for overseeing marketing strategies and campaigns on a global scale, while a foreign entry manager focuses specifically on entering new foreign markets, and a local marketing manager focuses on marketing within a specific local market.

2. Cultural Knowledge: A global marketing manager requires a deep understanding of various cultures and their impact on consumer behavior worldwide. A foreign entry manager needs in-depth knowledge of the specific foreign market's culture, while a local marketing manager possesses in-depth knowledge of the local market's culture.

3. Language Skills: A global marketing manager may need to be proficient in multiple languages to effectively communicate and connect with diverse audiences. A foreign entry manager typically needs fluency in the language of the specific foreign market, while a local marketing manager primarily relies on the local language.

4. Market Research: A global marketing manager conducts extensive market research on a global scale to identify trends and opportunities. A foreign entry manager focuses on researching the specific foreign market they are entering, while a local marketing manager concentrates on gathering insights within their local market.

5. Adaptability: A global marketing manager must be highly adaptable to different market conditions, consumer preferences, and regulatory environments across multiple countries. A foreign entry manager must adapt to the specific foreign market's dynamics, while a local marketing manager adapts to the local market's nuances.

6. Strategic Planning: A global marketing manager develops global marketing strategies aligned with overall business objectives. A foreign entry manager creates market entry strategies tailored to the specific foreign market, while a local marketing manager develops marketing strategies for the local market.

7. Cross-Cultural Communication: A global marketing manager facilitates effective communication and collaboration among diverse teams across different countries and cultures. A foreign entry manager navigates communication challenges within the foreign market, while a local marketing manager focuses on local communication channels.

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Yes, I agree with the statement that one of the main critiques of the learning organization literature is that management is typically unlikely to 'give up' and share power in the way necessary to facilitate proper learning and self-reflection.

What sharing power with workers can do to achieve potential advantages for all are given below:

Shared power with workers can potentially enable to attain the following benefits: Improved innovation and creativity: When power is shared among all employees, it provides an opportunity to share their ideas, insights, and experiences freely. It enables to work collaboratively and thus, generates more creative and innovative ideas that help to achieve success in the organization.

Employees feel valued: When power is shared with workers, it shows that the management values the input and ideas of all employees. It makes employees feel more motivated and engaged in their work, and they become more committed to achieving organizational goals.

Increased job satisfaction and retention: Sharing power with workers provides them autonomy and a sense of control in the decision-making process. It makes employees feel satisfied and appreciated, and hence, it motivates them to stay with the organization for a longer time.

Better problem-solving: When power is shared with workers, it helps to involve everyone in the decision-making process, and thus, enables to solve problems and make decisions more efficiently and effectively.

Increased performance: Shared power promotes a positive work environment, and employees feel valued, motivated, and engaged in their work. Hence, it results in increased performance and productivity in the organization.

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The economic event that Mandeville is describing when he explains the effect of declining prices, mass layoffs, and companies struggling to survive in the hive is deflation. The Correct option is A

Deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services. It is the reverse of inflation. This leads to a decrease in the amount of money in circulation. It also leads to a reduction in overall demand and spending. When there is a decline in prices, companies are less likely to make a profit. This is due to the decrease in demand for their products.

As a result, many businesses will struggle to remain afloat during a period of deflation. They may be forced to lay off workers or even close their doors. These effects can lead to a decrease in economic activity, which can cause the economy to enter a recession. Therefore, deflation is a critical factor that needs to be monitored carefully by policymakers and economists.

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Answer:

The answer is A.

Explanation:

Just took test

Answer:

A

Explanation:

on edge

According to the limited liability company, each member is liable for company debts C) in the amount of each member's capital contribution to the limited liability company, but not more.

In a limited liability company, the members’ liabilities are limited to the amount of their investment in the company. This means that the personal assets of each member will be safe from any liabilities that the company may incur. This is different from a partnership or sole proprietorship, where the personal assets of the owners may be used to pay off the debts of the business.

However, in a limited liability company, the members’ liabilities may vary according to their capital contribution. This means that each member will only be liable for the debts of the company up to the amount of their investment in the company. They will not be held liable for any additional debts that may be incurred by the company.In conclusion, each member of a limited liability company is liable for company debts C) in the amount of each member's capital contribution to the limited liability company, but not more. This is the basic principle of a limited liability company.

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5 years Is the maximum length of time may a salesperson's real estate license be inactive before reactivation ceases to be possible without retaking and passing the licensing examination. The correct answer is D.

According to the Pennsylvania Department of State, a salesperson's real estate license may be inactive for up to 5 years before reactivation ceases to be possible without retaking and passing the licensing examination.

Here is a quote from the Pennsylvania Department of State website:

"If your license is currently inactive or expired, you have five years from the date of inactivity or expiration to reactivate your license without taking the licensing examinations. Your completed application for reactivation must be received in our office before your five year deadline."

Therefore, the correct option is D, 5 years.

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Quincey Corporation is a company that has issued 4,000, 6%, 5-year, $1,000 bonds dated January 1, 2014, at 100.

This means that each bond was sold for $1,000, and the company received a total of $4,000,000 ($1,000 x 4,000) from the sale of these bonds. A journal entry is needed to record the sale of these bonds on January 1, 2014. The journal entry to record the sale of these bonds on January 1, 2014 would be:Debit Cash 4,000,000Credit

Bonds Payable 4,000,000Explanation:In the above entry, Cash is debited because cash is coming into the company. Bonds Payable is credited because bonds payable is a liability, and when a liability increases, we credit it. Thus, the issuance of bonds increases the liability of Quincey Corporation, so Bonds Payable is credited for $4,000,000.

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Here is the statement of cash flows for Sky Company using the direct method, in 140 words:

Sky Company Statement of Cash Flows

For the Year Ended December 31, 2019

(In thousands of dollars)

Cash flows from operating activities:

* Cash received from customers $790

* Cash paid for merchandise purchased $630

* Cash paid for wages and other operating expenses $340

* Cash paid for interest $29

* Cash paid for income taxes $10

* Net cash provided by operating activities $1,181

Cash flows from investing activities:

* Sale of investments $50

* Purchase of land $46

* Improvements to buildings $20

* Sale of equipment $4

* Net cash used by investing activities $30

Cash flows from financing activities:

* Issuance of bonds payable $100

* Issuance of common stock $20

* Payment of dividends $10

* Net cash provided by financing activities $110

Net increase in cash $201

Cash at the beginning of year $100

Cash at end of year $301

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The company's payments for the CNC machine maintenance costs amount to approximately $1.22 million, rounded to the nearest thousand dollars.

To find the amount of the company's payments for the CNC machine maintenance costs, we need to account for inflation and calculate the equivalent equal payments in actual dollars.

Given:

Maintenance costs for years 1 to 5: $29,000, $31,000, $34,000, $37,000, $39,000

Inflation rate: 4% per year

Return (interest) rate: 13% per year

To calculate the equivalent equal payments, we will use the concept of present worth. The present worth is the current value of future cash flows.

Step 1: Adjust the maintenance costs for inflation to bring them to today's dollars.

The adjusted maintenance costs are calculated by dividing each year's maintenance cost by the cumulative inflation factor.

Cumulative inflation factor = (1 + inflation rate)^number of years

In this case, the cumulative inflation factor = (1 + 0.04)^5 = 1.2167.

Adjusted maintenance costs:

Year 1: $29,000 / 1.2167 = $23,810

Year 2: $31,000 / 1.2167 = $25,448

Year 3: $34,000 / 1.2167 = $27,935

Year 4: $37,000 / 1.2167 = $30,402

Year 5: $39,000 / 1.2167 = $32,087

Step 2: Calculate the equivalent equal payments using the present worth formula.

Present worth = (annual payment) * (1 - (1 + interest rate)^(-number of years)) / interest rate

Substituting the values:

$23,810 + $25,448 + $27,935 + $30,402 + $32,087 = (annual payment) * (1 - (1 + 0.13)^(-5)) / 0.13

Simplifying the equation, we can solve for the annual payment:

Annual payment = $139,682.63 / (1 - 0.8857)

Annual payment = $139,682.63 / 0.1143

Annual payment = $1,220,161.29

Therefore, the amount of the company's payments for the CNC machine maintenance costs is $1.22 million (rounded to the nearest thousand).

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Answer:

Sheila has a plan to save $45 a month for 18 months so that she has $810 to remodel her bathroom. After 13 months Sheila has saved $510. If the most Sheila can possibly save is $70 per month, which of the following statements is true?

a.} Sheila will meet her goal and does not need to adjust her plan.

b}  Sheila must save $50 per month to achieve her goal.

c}  Sheila must save $60 per month to achieve her goal. <<CORRECT

d}  Sheila will not be able to achieve her goal.

Explanation:

Edge 2021

Sheila will meet her goal and does not need to adjust her plan. The correct option is a.

Savings is the amount left over after an individual's consumption demands have been satisfied. Individuals who make purchases using credit and are subject to increasing EMI obligations would have little to no monthly savings. Savings aid in accumulating money for the future.

To find out if Sheila will be able to achieve her goal, we need to determine how much more she needs to save in the remaining 5 months.

Sheila's goal is to save $810, and after 13 months, she has saved $510. Therefore, she needs to save an additional:

$810 - $510 = $300

in the remaining 5 months.

If the most Sheila can save is $70 per month, then the maximum amount she can save in the remaining 5 months is:

$70 x 5 = $350

Since $350 is more than the $300 she needs to save, Sheila will be able to achieve her goal and does not need to adjust her plan.

Thus, the ideal selection is option a.

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1. The number of small casings that should be produced per setup to minimize total setup and carrying costs is 40,000. Here’s how to compute it:EOQ for small casings = √[(2 × 2,400,000 × $18,000) ÷ $6]= √[19,200,000] = 4,384 units per order

The total number of small casings produced per year is 2,400,000. Therefore, the number of setups per year required to produce this amount is 2,400,000 ÷ 4,384 = 547 setups.The total carrying cost for small casings is ($6 × 2,400,000) ÷ 2 = $7,200,000.The total setup cost is $18,000 × 547 = $9,846,000.Total cost = $7,200,000 + $9,846,000 = $17,046,000Carrying cost per unit of small casings = $6.\

The setup, carrying, and total costs associated with the economic order quantity for small casings are:EOQ for small casings = √[(2 × 2,400,000 × $18,000) ÷ $6]= √[19,200,000] = 4,384 units per orderTotal carrying cost for small casings = ($6 × 4,384) ÷ 2 = $13,152Total setup cost for small casings = $18,000Total cost = $13,152 + $18,000 = $31,1523. The data analytic type used in Requirement 1 is prescriptive.

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Cost drivers are various factors that influence the cost of a commodity or a service and cost pools are the groups of costs that are associated with a specific activity.

Cost hierarchy is method of categorizing costs based on their relationship to the production process. Hierarchy for the following data is as follows-

1. Cost hierarchy level for each cost category:

   Direct materials-backpacks and purses: Unit-level cost

   Direct manufacturing labor-backpacks and purses: Unit-level cost

   Setup: Batch-level cost

   Shipping: Batch-level cost

   Design: Product-level cost

   Plant utilities and administration: Facility-level cost

2. Cost driver for each cost category:

Direct materials & labor -backpacks and purses: No. of backpacks and purses. (It is easily traceable with respect to no. of output produced)

Set up & Shipping: No. of Batches (as the costs incurred for each batch changeover and related)

Design cost: No. of design or design hour (It is attributed to design per product)

Plant utilities and administration: Total production hour (It is related to  overall operation and maintenance of the facility)

3. To calculate the budgeted cost per unit of cost driver for each cost category:

Direct materials—purses:

Cost per unit of cost driver: $342,200 / 2,900 = $118 per purse

Direct materials—backpacks:

Cost per unit of cost driver: $470,850 / 6,450 = $73 per backpack

Direct manufacturing labor—purses:

Cost per unit of cost driver: $87,000 / 2,900 = $30 per hour of production for purses

Direct manufacturing labor—backpacks:

Cost per unit of cost driver: $116,100 / 6450 = $18 per hour of production for backpacks

Setup:

Cost per unit of cost driver: $90,675 / 195 = $465 per batch

Shipping:

Cost per unit of cost driver: $71,370/ 195 = $366 per batch

Design:

Cost per unit of cost driver: $165,000 / 6 = $27,500 per design

Plant utilities and administration:

Cost per unit of cost driver: $221,000 / 4,250 = $52 per hour of production

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The complete question is:

Payton Bags (PB) is a designer of high-quality backpacks and purses. Each design is made in small batches. Each spring, PB comes out with new designs for the backpack and for the purse. The company uses these designs for a year and then moves on to the next trend. The bags are all made on the same fabrication equipment that is expected to operate at capacity. The equipment must be switched over to a new design and set up to prepare for the production of each new batch of products. When completed, each batch of products is immediately shipped to a wholesaler. Shipping costs vary with the number of shipments. Budgeted information for the year is as follows:

Payton Bags

Budget for Costs and Activities

For the Year Ended February 28, 2014

Direct materials—purses = $342,200

Direct materials—backpacks = 470,850

Direct manufacturing labor—purses = 87,000

Direct manufacturing labor—backpacks = 116,100

Setup = 90,675

Shipping = 71,370

Design = 165,000

Plant utilities and administration = 221,000

Total = $1,564,195

Other budget information follows:

Backpacks,  Purses,  Total

Number of bags = 6,450, 2,900,  9,350

Hours of production= 1,665, 2,585, 4,250

Number of batches = 115, 80, 195

Number of designs = 4, 2, 6

1. Identify the cost hierarchy level for each cost category.

2.Identify the most appropriate cost driver for each cost category. Explain briefly your choice of cost driver.

3. Calculate the budgeted cost per unit of cost driver for each cost category.

The most important environmental influence for McDonald's decision to honor Apple Pay was the increasing consumer demand for convenient and contactless payment options.

When McDonald's decided to honor Apple Pay, several environmental influences likely played important roles in their decision-making process. The following factors could be considered as key environmental influences:

1. Technological advancements: The increasing adoption of mobile payment systems, including Apple Pay, influenced McDonald's decision. With the growing popularity of mobile payment options among consumers, McDonald's recognized the need to cater to evolving customer preferences and stay competitive in the market.

2. Consumer demand and behavior: The changing habits and expectations of consumers played a significant role. McDonald's likely observed a rising demand for convenient and contactless payment options. By honoring Apple Pay, McDonald's could offer a seamless and secure payment experience to customers, aligning with their preferences and enhancing customer satisfaction.

3. Competitive landscape: Analyzing the actions of competitors within the fast-food industry would have been important for McDonald's decision. If rival companies were already accepting Apple Pay or other mobile payment solutions, it would have put pressure on McDonald's to adopt similar options to remain competitive and not lose market share.

4. Partnership with Apple: McDonald's decision to honor Apple Pay could be influenced by a strategic partnership or collaboration with Apple. Such partnerships can offer benefits like brand association, cross-promotion, and access to a broader customer base, potentially driving increased customer traffic and revenue.

5. Brand image and customer perception: McDonald's may have considered the impact of accepting Apple Pay on its brand image and customer perception. By aligning with a reputable and innovative brand like Apple, McDonald's could enhance its image as a technologically progressive and customer-centric company, appealing to a broader range of consumers.

It's important to note that the specific influences and considerations within McDonald's decision-making process can vary, and the importance of each factor may differ based on internal strategies, market research, and consumer insights available to the company.

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Cost of the new machine = $200,000 Cost of replacing parts in the third year = $10,100Selling price of the machine after 5 years = $9,000Cost to operate the machine per year = $8,100Cost of present method per year = $41,000Increase in production = 8,000 boxes per yearContribution Margin = $1.40 per boxRate of return required = 20%

First, let's find the net cash inflows produced by the new dipping machine: Net cash inflows = Annual cash inflow - Annual cash outflow from the given data, Annual cash inflow = Increase in contribution from the new machine per year Annual cash outflow = Cost to operate the new machine per year - (Amount of cost saved by the new machine per year + Depreciation per year)

The cost saved by the new machine per year = Cost of present method per year - Cost to operate the new machine per year depreciation per year = (Cost of the new machine - Selling price of the new machine after 5 years - Cost of replacing parts in the third year) / (Useful life of the machine in years)

Now, substitute the given data in the formulae to find the annual net cash inflows: Cost saved by the new machine per year = $41,000 - $8,100 = $32,900

Depreciation per year = ($200,000 - $9,000 - $10,100) / 5 years = $36,980Annual cash outflow = $8,100 - ($32,900 + $36,980) = -$61,780Annual cash inflow = 8,000 boxes per year x $1.40 per box = $11,200Annual net cash inflows = $11,200 - (-$61,780) = $72,980

Therefore, the annual net cash inflows produced by the new dipping machine is $72,980.

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To determine whether Han Products should make or buy part S-6, we need to compare the costs of manufacturing it in-house versus buying it from the outside supplier. Here's how we can calculate the costs for each option:

Make Option:

Direct materials cost per unit: $6.25

Direct labor cost per unit: $12.25

Variable overhead cost per unit: $5.25

Fixed overhead cost per unit: $10.65 (applied to all 57,500 units)

Total cost per unit: $34.40

Total fixed overhead cost applied to part S-6: $10.65 * 57,500 units = $612,375

Total cost of manufacturing part S-6 in-house:

Total cost per unit * Number of units = $34.40 * 57,500 = $1,978,000

Additional fixed overhead cost if part S-6 is manufactured in-house: $612,375

Total cost of manufacturing part S-6 in-house, including additional fixed overhead cost:

$1,978,000 + $612,375 = $2,590,375

Buy Option:

Purchase cost per unit from the outside supplier: $30.25

Number of units purchased: 50,500

Total cost of purchasing part S-6 from the outside supplier:

Purchase cost per unit * Number of units = $30.25 * 50,500 = $1,525,125

Additional rental cost if facilities are rented to another company: $106,000

Total cost of buying part S-6 and renting facilities to another company:

$1,525,125 + $106,000 = $1,631,125

Avoided fixed overhead cost if part S-6 is purchased: One-third (1/3) of $612,375 = $204,125

Total cost of buying part S-6, considering avoided fixed overhead cost:

$1,631,125 - $204,125 = $1,427,000

Based on the analysis, here are the cost comparisons:

Make Option:

Total cost of manufacturing part S-6 in-house: $2,590,375

Buy Option:

Total cost of buying part S-6, considering avoided fixed overhead cost: $1,427,000

Comparing the two options, it is more cost-effective for Han Products to buy part S-6 from the outside supplier, as it results in a lower total cost of $1,427,000 compared to the total cost of $2,590,375 for manufacturing it in-house.

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The price should curled metal quote for an 11.5-inch pad to kendrick foundation is $3.57 per pad. Objective behind the pricing decision The primary objective behind the pricing decision is to achieve profit maximization by setting prices that cover costs and generate revenue.

Curled Metal Inc. (CMI) is to provide Kendrick Foundation with an 11.5-inch pad. The price quote for the same is to be determined with the company's objective being profit maximization. Kendrick Foundation would be supplied with around 15,000 to 20,000 pads a year, with an additional 5,000 to 10,000 pads supplied to other construction companies, in the upcoming year.

The objective behind this pricing decision is to maintain the balance between profit maximization and revenue generation, considering the market competition. The cost of manufacturing 11.5-inch pads was $1.75, with an overhead cost of 36% added to this amount. The overhead expenses included administrative salaries, advertising expenses, and sales expenses.

Therefore, the total cost of manufacturing 11.5-inch pads would be:

Total manufacturing cost = $1.75 + ($1.75 * 36%) = $2.38Now, if the company aims to earn a profit of 50%, then the price quote of 11.5-inch pads would be:Price = Total cost of manufacturing + profit Price = $2.38 + ($2.38 * 50%) = $3.57 per pad.

Objective behind the pricing decision The primary objective behind the pricing decision is to achieve profit maximization by setting prices that cover costs and generate revenue. The company must consider various factors while deciding the price of the 11.5-inch pad, including manufacturing costs, competition, and the impact of pricing on Kendrick Foundation's purchasing decisions.

Setting a price too high could lead to Kendrick Foundation looking for other suppliers, while setting a price too low could result in low-profit margins or losses. Hence, CMI must strike a balance between profit maximization and revenue generation to maintain its competitive edge in the market.

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The professional code of ethics related to this case is the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants.

Specifically, the sections relevant to this case are the fundamental principles of integrity, objectivity, professional competence and due care, and professional behavior. These principles guide accountants in performing their duties with integrity, independence, and in the best interests of their clients or employers. In this case, the managing director's request to inflate the stock valuation violates the principle of integrity, which requires accountants to be straightforward and honest in all professional and business relationships.

The threat associated with this case is a self-interest threat. The managing director's request to inflate the stock valuation is driven by self-interest, as it aims to present a more favorable financial position to the prospective buyer and increase the likelihood of a successful deal. This threat arises when the personal or financial interests of an individual, such as the managing director, create a conflict with their professional duties and responsibilities. In this situation, the managing director's self-interest threatens the integrity and objectivity of the financial statements.To manage this situation, as the finance director, it is crucial to adhere to ethical principles and act in the best interests of the company and its stakeholders. First, gather all relevant information and evidence regarding the slow-moving stock and the managing director's request. This will help in presenting a factual and objective case for the appropriate treatment of the stock in the year-end accounts.

Next, engage in a professional dialogue with the managing director, emphasizing the importance of accurate financial reporting and the potential legal and ethical consequences of misrepresenting the stock valuation. Highlight the principles of integrity, objectivity, and professional competence to reinforce the need for fair presentation.

If the managing director persists in his request, it is advisable to seek guidance from the company's board of directors or an external authority, such as an accounting regulatory body or an ethics hotline. Whistleblower protection laws may safeguard you against any retaliation.

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The specification you are referring to is known as a "functional specification." A functional specification outlines the specific functions and performance requirements that a product or system should exhibit, as well as the interfaces it should have. It provides a detailed description of the desired functionality, including inputs, outputs, processing logic, and any constraints or limitations.

A functional specification typically includes information such as:

1. Functional requirements: This defines the specific functions or operations the product should perform and the desired performance criteria or benchmarks.

2. Performance requirements: This specifies the expected performance levels, such as speed, accuracy, capacity, and response times.

3. Interface requirements: This outlines the interfaces or connections the product should have with other systems, devices, or users, including data formats, protocols, and communication channels.

4. Constraints and limitations: This includes any constraints or limitations on the product, such as regulatory requirements, compatibility with existing systems, or operational restrictions.

By providing a clear and detailed description of the desired function, performance, and interfaces, a functional specification serves as a guide for product development, ensuring that the final product meets the specified requirements and aligns with the intended purpose.

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According to the Pauli Exclusion Principle for n = 4, the occupation limit of electrons is 32.

The Pauli Exclusion Principle is a fundamental principle in quantum mechanics that states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers. The quantum number "n" represents the principal quantum number, which indicates the energy level or shell of an electron. In this case, n = 4 refers to the fourth energy level or the fourth shell.

Each energy level or shell can hold a maximum number of electrons based on the formula 2n², where n is the principal quantum number. Therefore, for n = 4, the occupation limit can be calculated as 2 × 4² = 2 × 16 = 32. This means that the fourth energy level can accommodate a maximum of 32 electrons according to the Pauli Exclusion Principle.

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The expected return of the portfolio held by Eva, given the returns on the two stocks, can be found to be 12. 441 %.

Eva invested 57 % of her portfolio in stock A and the remaining 43% in stock B .

Expected Return of Portfolio = ( Weight of Stock A x Expected Return of Stock A ) + ( Weight of Stock B x Expected Return of Stock B )

Weight of Stock A = 57% = 0. 57

Weight of Stock B = 43% = 0. 43

Expected Return of Stock A = 8 .7 %

Expected Return of Stock B = 17. 4 %

Expected Return of Portfolio = (0. 57 x 8.7 % ) + ( 0.43 x 17.4% )

Expected Return of Portfolio = 0. 04959 + 0. 07482

Expected Return of Portfolio = 0. 12441

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