Since the Profitability Index for Option 1 is higher than 1, it is greater than the minimum acceptable threshold of 1. Therefore, Option 1 has a higher profitability index and should be accepted.
Answer to the questionsTo calculate the payback period for each project, we need to determine the time it takes for the cumulative cash flows to equal or exceed the initial investment.
Option 1:
Year 1: $25,000
Year 2: $25,000 + $70,000 = $95,000
Year 3: $95,000 + $115,500 = $210,500
The payback period for Option 1 is less than 3 years since the cumulative cash flows exceed the initial investment.
Option 2:
Year 1: $40,000
Year 2: $40,000 + $37,000 = $77,000
Year 3: $77,000 - $12,500 = $64,500
The payback period for Option 2 is also less than 3 years.
Since both projects have payback periods of less than 3 years, we need to consider other criteria to determine which project to accept.
To calculate the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) for each project, we need to find the discount rate that makes the Net Present Value (NPV) of the cash flows equal to zero.
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, we find:
IRR for Option 1 is approximately 21.68%
IRR for Option 2 is approximately 17.28%
Since the IRR for Option 1 is higher than the IRR for Option 2, Option 1 has a higher return on investment.
To calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) for each project, we discount the cash flows to their present value and subtract the initial investment.
Using a discount rate of 11%:
NPV for Option 1: -$100,000 + $25,000/(1+0.11) + $70,000/(1+0.11)^2 + $115,500/(1+0.11)^3 ≈ $9,221.80
NPV for Option 2: -$60,000 + $40,000/(1+0.11) + $37,000/(1+0.11)^2 + (-$12,500)/(1+0.11)^3 ≈ $8,204.35
Since the NPV for Option 1 is higher than the NPV for Option 2, Option 1 has a higher net present value.
To calculate the Incremental Cash Flow, we subtract the cash flows of Option 2 from the cash flows of Option 1.
Incremental Cash Flow:
Year 1: $25,000 - $40,000 = -$15,000
Year 2: $70,000 - $37,000 = $33,000
Year 3: $115,500 - (-$12,500) = $128,000
To calculate the IRR on the incremental cash flows, we find the discount rate that makes the NPV of the incremental cash flows equal to zero.
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, we find:
IRR on the incremental cash flows is approximately 33.84%
Since the IRR on the incremental cash flows is higher than the discount rate of 11%, we should accept the incremental cash flows.
To calculate the Profitability Index for each project, we divide the present value of cash inflows by the initial investment.
Profitability Index for Option 1:
PV of cash inflows = $25,000/(1+0.11) + $70,000/(1+0.11)^2 + $115,500/(1+0.11)^3 ≈ $119,221.80
Profitability Index = $119,221.80 / $100,000 ≈ 1.19
Profitability Index
for Option 2:
PV of cash inflows = $40,000/(1+0.11) + $37,000/(1+0.11)^2 + (-$12,500)/(1+0.11)^3 ≈ $48,204.35
Profitability Index = $48,204.35 / $60,000 ≈ 0.80
Since the Profitability Index for Option 1 is higher than 1, it is greater than the minimum acceptable threshold of 1. Therefore, Option 1 has a higher profitability index and should be accepted.
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45 of 48 What is the information that a Statement of Work (SOW) provides as an input in the initiate phase of the project? The Statement of Work (SOW) itemizes the key deliverables of the project. The
The Statement of Work (SOW) provides information on the key deliverables of the project as an input in the initiate phase.
It itemizes what work needs to be done and sets the framework for the entire project. The SOW outlines the objectives of the project and the scope of work that needs to be completed to achieve those objectives. It also provides an overview of the project goals, timelines, budget, and resource requirements. The SOW acts as a guide that helps the project team understand what they need to do to achieve the project objectives.
It outlines the roles and responsibilities of all stakeholders and sets the expectations for everyone involved in the project. The SOW is critical in the initiate phase of the project because it sets the foundation for the project and establishes a clear understanding of the project requirements, which is essential for the project's success.
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Betta Bakery
Betta Bakery producers fresh Biscuits
The employees lack good customer
service skills. BB lost most of their
Customers to Quality Bakery.BB had
to replace some
stolen
equipment due
Crime rate in the
orea
its
Quote three challenges for BB from the scenario above
Answer:
Poor customer service.
Betta Bakery has employees that lack good customer service skills. People generally do not like to be helped by people who cannot relate with them appropriately in the service industry and will generally avoid places that have such people. This will therefore lead to a loss of sales for Betta.
Competition from Quality Bakery.
Betta Bakery is facing stiff competition from a rival bakery known as Quality bakery and with the problems they are facing internally such as poor customer service, Quality bakery is able to lure customers away from Betta thus reducing their sales even further.
Stolen Equipment.
Betta bakery is having to spend money on the replacement of their equipment after some were stolen on account of the high crime rate in the area. These replacement costs reduce Betta bakery's profitability.
Bayer AG clustered all of its business operations into six groups under an umbrella company called Bayer World. Each of these six groups have included several subgroups comprised of product categories such as as dyestuffs, fibers, or chemicals. At the same time, each of its administrative and service functions were placed under Bayer World into one of several functional groups, such as marketing, human resources, plant administration, or finance. In addition, top executives who had headed functional groups in the past, were given authority over different geographical regions, which, like the product groups, were supported by and intertwined with the functional groups. The final result of the new organizational structure divided the original nine functional areas into 19 multidisciplinary, interrelated business groups. The new organizational structure that Bayer AG adopted was a _____structure.
Answer: matrix structure
Explanation:
Based on the information provided, we can infer that the new organizational structure that Bayer AG adopted was a matrix structure.
A matrix organizational structure is regarded as a workplace format whereby the workers in the organization typically have two or more managers that they report to.
We should note that in a matrix structure, the chains of command are usually two which are the functional lines and also the project, or the product, lines. This is used by Bayer AG.
it is illegal for your company to open and read email you send and receive at work.
a. true
b. false
The given statement "it is illegal for your company to open and read email you send and receive at work" is false because the legality of employers accessing and monitoring work-related emails can vary depending on the country, region, and specific circumstances. The correct answer is option b.
In some cases, employers may have the legal right to monitor employee communications conducted on company-owned equipment or networks, including work-related emails.
This is often done to ensure compliance with company policies, protect sensitive information, prevent misconduct, or address security concerns.
It is important to consult the applicable laws and employment agreements in your specific jurisdiction to understand the rights and limitations regarding email monitoring in the workplace.
The correct answer is option b.
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after reading the article who is responsible for cyber security in the enterprise? and reviewing the articles on cyber security and data privacy do your own research. define what you information technology security, information security, and enterprise security means in the business world today. discuss the role you believe enterprises have, if any, using your research to support it.
For systems connected to the internet, including their hardware, software, and data, cybersecurity is the protection against cyberthreats. This method is used by both individuals and companies to guard against illegal access to computer systems and data centres.
An effective cybersecurity strategy can provide a strong defence against harmful attacks that aim to access, change, remove, destroy, or extort sensitive data and systems that belong to a business or user. Security precautions are crucial in thwarting attempts to disable or damage a system's or device's functionality.
As there are more people, devices, and programmes in the modern company, coupled with a flood of new data, most of it sensitive or confidential, the need of cybersecurity will only grow.
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• Distinguishing between fact and opinion and point of view Drawing valid inferences and conclusions .
Assessing the credibility or objectivity of the writer
1. Many people want you to see the cause-and-effect relationships that they believe exist, and they often use questionable or outright fallacious reasoning to support their point of view. Consider the following examples:
a) Politicians assure you that a vote for them will result in "a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage".
b) Advertisers tell you that using their detergent will leave your wash "cleaner than clean, whiter than white."
c) Doctors tell you that eating a balanced diet will result in better health.
d) Educators tell you that a college degree is worth an average of $830,000 in additional income over an individual's life.
e) Scientists inform you that nuclear energy will result a better life for all of us.
Distinguishing between fact and opinion is crucial for evaluating the credibility of statements and making informed judgments. Let's examine the examples you provided:
a) The statement made by politicians is an example of a subjective claim that cannot be objectively proven. It appeals to the emotions and aspirations of the voters rather than presenting concrete evidence.
b) The statement made by advertisers falls into the realm of hyperbole or exaggeration, commonly used in marketing. It is not a verifiable fact but a persuasive technique aimed at influencing consumer behavior.
c) The statement made by doctors is based on scientific evidence and can be considered a factual claim. Numerous studies support the link between a balanced diet and better health outcomes.
d) The statement made by educators is a statistical claim based on average earnings data. While it represents a general trend, individual outcomes may vary significantly.
e) The statement made by scientists is a prediction or projection about the potential benefits of nuclear energy. It is based on research and scientific knowledge, but it cannot be stated as an absolute fact until it is realized and observed.
In assessing the credibility or objectivity of the writers in these examples, it is important to critically evaluate the evidence, consider alternative perspectives, and recognize the presence of persuasive techniques or potential biases. By doing so, one can make more informed inferences and conclusions about the statements presented.
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Lake Country Promotional Services uses a job order system for
costing and billing promotional services for dance and ballet
performances. Lake Country has four public relations specialists
plus an off
Lake Country Promotional Services use a job order system for performances. Lake Country has four public relations specialists plus an office manager. The job order cost system is a costing system that is used in situations where a company produces batches of different products in which each batch has its unique characteristics.
The job order cost system is used to track and identify the cost of the materials used, labor expenses, and other costs that are associated with producing each unique batch of products. The job order cost system can also be used to determine the profitability of each batch of products that are produced in a company. For Lake Country, it is used for their performances. When Lake Country receives a request for their services, it is the duty of the office manager to evaluate the request and determine the materials and labor expenses that will be required to produce the unique performance. The manager then assigns the project to one of the public relations specialists, who will coordinate with the client and ensure that the performance is delivered as per the request. During the course of the project, the specialist is responsible for keeping track of the expenses incurred, and once the project is complete, they are also responsible for preparing the invoice that will be sent to the client. The job order cost system is beneficial to Lake Country because it allows them to identify the actual cost incurred in producing each unique performance, which helps them to charge an appropriate price for their services.For such more question on profitability
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P Ltd owns all the share capital of S Ltd. Below are some intragroup transactions that occurred during the financial year ended 30 June 2023 A.. S Ltd sold $50,000 worth of inventory to P Ltd. S Ltd recorded $10,000 profit before tax on this transaction. At 30 June 2023, P Ltd has one-quarter of these goods still on hand. B. S Ltd sold a warehouse to P Ltd for $100,000. This warehouse had originally cost S Ltd $82,000. The transaction took place on 1 January 2023. P Ltd charges a straight-line annual depreciation rate at 5%.
Required:
1. Prepare the adjusting journal entries to eliminate the sale of inventory and its tax effect accounting for the consolidation worksheet at 30 June 2023 assuming an income tax rate of 30% and that all income of sale of assets is taxable and expenses are deductible. Narrations are not required
2. Prepare the adjusting journal entries to eliminate the sale of the warehouse
1. Adjusting journal entries to eliminate the sale of inventory and its tax effect at 30 June 2023:
a) Eliminating the sale of inventory:
P Ltd's Inventory (current asset) $12,500
S Ltd's Inventory (current asset) $12,500
b) Eliminating the profit on the intercompany sale:
P Ltd's Inventory (current asset) $2,500
S Ltd's Inventory (current asset) $2,500
P Ltd's Equity in Subsidiary Earnings
(retained earnings) $10,000
c) Eliminating the tax effect on the profit:
Income Tax Expense (current liability) $3,000
Deferred Tax Liability (non-current liability) $3,000
2. Adjusting journal entry to eliminate the sale of the warehouse:
P Ltd's Warehouse (non-current asset) $100,000
S Ltd's Warehouse (non-current asset) $100,000
Depreciation Expense (income statement) $4,100
Accumulated Depreciation - P Ltd's Warehouse
(non-current asset) $4,100
Note: These adjusting entries are made in the consolidation worksheet to eliminate the effects of intercompany transactions and ensure accurate consolidation of financial statements. The specific accounts used may vary depending on the company's chart of accounts and accounting policies.
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Internal failure costs are associated with testing, labs, and inspectors. O True O False
The statement "Internal failure costs are associated with testing, labs, and inspectors." is false as are costs incurred as a result of defects or failures in products or services before they are delivered to customers.
Internal failure costs are expenses incurred as a result of poor quality and flaws in a business's internal procedures. These expenses are related to actions taken to find and fix errors prior to the delivery of goods or services to customers, such as testing, inspections and rework.
Costs associated with repairing flaws, discarding defective goods, conducting inspections, and resolving production holdups or disruptions are a few examples of internal failure costs. Companies can cut costs, increase efficiency, boost customer satisfaction and safeguard their reputation in the market by addressing internal flaws and investing in quality improvement.
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What is Project A's MIRR? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places. What is Project A's MIRR? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places. % What is Project B's MIRR? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places. If the projects were independent, which project(s) would be accepted according to the MIRR method? If the projects were mutually exclusive, which project(s) would be accepted according to the MIRR method?
To calculate the Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR) for Project A and Project B, I would need specific information about the cash flows associated with each project, including the initial investment and future cash inflows/outflows. Without this data, I cannot provide the exact MIRR values for Project A and Project B.
However, I can explain how to determine which project would be accepted according to the MIRR method:
1. If the projects were independent:
- Calculate the MIRR for each project.
- Compare the MIRR values. If the MIRR for Project A is higher than the MIRR for Project B, Project A would be accepted. If the MIRR for Project B is higher, then Project B would be accepted. If the MIRR values are equal, either project can be accepted.
2. If the projects were mutually exclusive:
- Calculate the MIRR for each project.
- Compare the MIRR values. The project with the highest MIRR would be accepted. If the MIRR values are equal, neither project would be accepted.
To perform the calculations and determine the MIRR for Project A and Project B, please provide the relevant cash flow information for each project.
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1)a) Describe the theoretical justification for using carbon
trading to address negative environmental externalities. (25
points)
b. What can we learn about the success of emissions trading as
an inst
The theoretical justification for using carbon trading to address negative environmental externalities is based on the Coase theorem.
a) This theorem states that in the presence of well-defined property rights and low transaction costs, bargaining between affected parties can result in an efficient allocation of resources that will maximize the benefits of those affected parties. This is the case with carbon emissions, as greenhouse gases contribute to climate change and other negative environmental externalities. Carbon trading schemes allow firms to purchase emissions permits to offset their own emissions or sell them to other firms that need them. This allows for a market-based approach to reducing carbon emissions, which can result in a more efficient allocation of resources.
b. The success of emissions trading as an instrument to address negative environmental externalities depends on a number of factors. One of the key factors is the stringency of the emissions cap. If the cap is set too high, there will be little incentive for firms to reduce their emissions, which will undermine the effectiveness of the scheme. Additionally, the success of emissions trading depends on the transparency and accuracy of emissions reporting, as well as the integrity of the regulatory framework that oversees the scheme. Finally, the success of emissions trading also depends on the availability of alternative technologies and practices that can help firms reduce their emissions at a reasonable cost. If these conditions are met, emissions trading can be an effective instrument to address negative environmental externalities.
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Demand for Rover dogwalking services in Harrisonburg is given by the following inverse demand function: Pa(g) = 30 9. 1 10 while the supply of dogwalking services is given by the following inverse supply function: 2 P.(g) 10% where q denotes the number of dogwalks demanded or supplied. (a) (6) What is the equilibrium price and quantity of dogwalks in Harrisonburg? How high are consumer and producer surplus? (b) (4) The City of Harrisonburg aims to increase government revenue by implementing a tax on producers of $3 for every dog walked. What will be the result of this new tax on the equilibrium price that consumers pay, the price producers receive, and the number of dogwalks that occur? (c) (6) How much tax revenue will be generated as a result of this tax? What are consumer and producer surplus after the tax is implemented? (d) (2) How much dead weight loss does the tax generate? (e) (10) For this part of the question, suppose that supply is perfectly inelastic at the original equilibrium quantity. If the same $3 production tax is imposed, what happens to the equilibrium price that consumers pay, the price producers receive, the number of dogs walked, the tax revenue) that is generated, and the deadweight loss that arises after the tax is implemented? You need five separate answers for this part - no detailed math is necessary, but a picture might help. In one sentence, summarize your results - don't simply re-state them, but provide intuition.
The imposition of a production tax affects the equilibrium price, the price received by producers, the quantity of dogwalks, tax revenue, and deadweight loss.
(a) The equilibrium price and quantity of dogwalks in Harrisonburg can be determined by setting the quantity demanded equal to the quantity supplied. In this case, we have:
Pa(g) = Ps(g)
30 - 9Qd = 2 + 0.1Qs
Solving this equation, we find that the equilibrium quantity is Q = 28 and the equilibrium price is P = $12. Consumer surplus can be calculated as the area below the demand curve and above the equilibrium price, which is equal to $216. Producer surplus can be calculated as the area above the supply curve and below the equilibrium price, which is equal to $64.
(b) The implementation of a $3 tax on producers will increase the cost of supplying dogwalks. As a result, the supply curve will shift upwards by $3. The new equilibrium price that consumers pay will increase to $15, while the price producers receive will decrease to $12. The number of dogwalks that occur will decrease from 28 to 25.
(c) The tax revenue generated can be calculated by multiplying the tax per unit ($3) by the quantity supplied after the tax (25). Therefore, the tax revenue will be $75. After the tax is implemented, consumer surplus will decrease to $125, while producer surplus will decrease to $25.
(d) The deadweight loss represents the loss in total surplus due to the tax. It can be calculated as the triangle between the supply and demand curves, above the new equilibrium quantity and below the initial equilibrium quantity. The exact amount of deadweight loss would depend on the specific area of the triangle.
(e) If the supply is perfectly inelastic, the equilibrium quantity remains unchanged at 28. However, the entire burden of the tax falls on producers, resulting in a decrease in the price received by producers to $9. The price paid by consumers will increase to $15, generating tax revenue of $84. Since the supply is inelastic, there is no deadweight loss.
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Explain Porters Diamond, and using a specific industry and
country, illustrate through discussion how it applies to offer
competitive advantage. (10 marks)
Porter's Diamond is a framework developed by Michael Porter to explain the competitive advantage of nations and how companies and industries can gain a competitive advantage within a particular country.
Firstly, factor conditions refer to a nation's endowment in resources and the quality of its infrastructure. Thailand is the world's second-largest producer of rice and a significant producer of other agricultural products such as sugar and cassava, providing the country's food and beverage industry with access to low-cost inputs. Additionally, Thailand has developed a relatively high standard of infrastructure that includes a well-developed transportation system and robust logistics capabilities.
In conclusion, Porter's Diamond provides a useful framework for understanding the competitive advantage of nations and the industries operating within them. This essay has illustrated how the framework applies to the food and beverage industry in Thailand, providing companies within this sector with a competitive advantage.
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A bond that pays a yearly interest rate of $100 is for sale. The interest rate was 10 percent and now is 5 percent. The price of the bond has ____. A. decreased from $1,000 to S500. B. decreased from $.2000 to $1,000 ; C. increased from $1,000 to $2,000. D. increased from $500 to $2,000
A bond that pays a yearly interest rate of $100 is for sale. The interest rate was 10 percent and now is 5 percent. The price of the bond has Increased from $1,000 to $2,000. The correct option is C.
The bond has a $100 annual interest rate. The interest rate was initially 10% it is currently 5%. We must compare the bond prices at the two different interest rates in order to ascertain the bond's price change.
A bond's price and the current interest rate are inversely correlated. Existing bond prices typically rise when interest rates decline. Bond prices on the other hand usually fall as interest rates rise.
We can assume that the price of the bond would generally rise given that the interest rate has dropped from 10% to 5%.
The falling interest rate would cause the bond's price to increase, raising the present value of the bond's future cash flows. The correct option is C.
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At the beginning of 2007 (the year the iPhone was introduced), Apple's beta was 1.3 and the risk-free rate was about 3.6%. Apple's price was $82.42. Apple's price at the end of 2007 was $190.07. If you estimate the market risk premium to have been 5.2%,did Apple's managers exceed their investors' required return as given by the CAPM?
Yes, Apple's managers exceeded their investors' required return as given by the CAPM.
To determine if Apple's managers exceeded their investors' required return as given by the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), we need to compare the actual return of Apple's stock with the required return calculated using the CAPM.
The CAPM formula is:
Required Return = Risk-free Rate + Beta * Market Risk Premium
Given that the risk-free rate in 2007 was about 3.6% and the market risk premium was estimated to be 5.2%, we can calculate the required return.
Required Return = 3.6% + 1.3 * 5.2% = 10.28%
Next, we compare the required return with the actual return of Apple's stock. The actual return is calculated as the percentage change in stock price:
Actual Return = (Ending Price - Beginning Price) / Beginning Price * 100
In this case:
Beginning Price = $82.42
Ending Price = $190.07
Actual Return = ($190.07 - $82.42) / $82.42 * 100 ≈ 130.24%
The actual return of 130.24% is greater than the required return of 10.28% as calculated using the CAPM. Therefore, Apple's managers exceeded their investors' required return.
This suggests that Apple's stock outperformed expectations, generating higher returns for investors than what was required given its risk level.
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2-Tell me different business classifications?
The different business classifications are as follows:
Industry Classification: This classification categorizes businesses based on the industry they operate in, such as healthcare, technology, retail, finance, or manufacturing. It helps identify similarities and differences between companies within the same sector.Legal Structure: This classification distinguishes businesses based on their legal status. For example, sole proprietorships, partnerships, limited liability companies (LLCs), corporations, and cooperatives. Each structure has its own legal and financial implications.Size Classification: This classification considers the size of a business, typically measured by factors like revenue, number of employees, or total assets. It ranges from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to large multinational corporations.Geographic Classification: This classification groups businesses based on their geographic scope. They can be local, regional, national, or multinational, depending on their presence and operations in specific geographical areas.Ownership Classification: This classification categorizes businesses based on ownership types, such as privately owned (owned by individuals or a small group), publicly traded (owned by shareholders), or government-owned (owned and operated by the government).These classifications provide a framework for understanding the diversity of businesses and their characteristics. Keep in mind that some businesses may fall into multiple classifications simultaneously, depending on their nature and characteristics.
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Appalachian Registers, Inc. (ARI) has current sales of $50 million. Sales are expected to grow to $70 million next year. ARI currently has accounts receivable of $9 million, inventories of $14 million, and net fixed assets of $14 million. These assets are expected to grow at the same rate as sales over the next year. Accounts payable are expected to increase from their current level of $17 million to a new level of $22 million next year. ARI wants to increase its cash balance at the end of next year by $1 million over its current cash balances, which average $3 million. Earnings after taxes next year are forecasted to be $10 million. Next year, ARI plans to pay dividends of $2 million, up from $500,000 this year. ARI's marginal tax rate is 34 percent. How much external financing is required by ARI next year?
Explanation :
Given, Sales of Appalachian Registers, Inc. (ARI) = $50 million
Expected sales next year = $70 million
Accounts receivable = $9 million
Inventories = $14 million
Net fixed assets = $14 million
Accounts payable = $17 million
Cash balance = $3 million
Earnings after tax next year = $10 million
Dividends next year = $2 million
Marginal tax rate = 34%
Therefore, total asset growth = (Sales growth rate) (Total assets) = 20/50 (50+9+14+14) = $37.2 million
Total liabilities growth = (Sales growth rate) (Total liabilities) = 20/50 (17) = $6.8 million
Total retained earnings = $10 – $2 (dividends) – [0.34($10 – $2)] (taxes) = $4.78 million
Therefore, total financing needed = $37.2 – 6.8 – 3 – 4.78 = $22.62 million
Therefore, $22.62 million external financing is required by ARI next year. This explains that external financing that is required by ARI next year is $22.62 million.
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Chavin Company had the following results during August: net operating income, $400,000; turnover, 6; and ROI 23%. Chavin Company's average operating assets were:
a.$1,739,130
b. $2,400,000
c. $92,000
d. $66,667
Chavin Company had the following results during August: net operating income, $400,000; turnover, 6; and ROI 23%. Chavin Company's average operating assets were: $1,739,130.
The correct answer is option a) $1,739,130.
To calculate the average operating assets of Chavin Company, we can use the Return on Investment (ROI) formula:
ROI = Net Operating Income / Average Operating Assets
Given that the ROI is 23% and the Net Operating Income is $400,000, we can rearrange the formula to solve for Average Operating Assets:
Average Operating Assets = Net Operating Income / ROI
Average Operating Assets = $400,000 / 0.23
Average Operating Assets ≈ $1,739,130
Therefore, the correct answer is option a) $1,739,130.
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A money supply boost will boost output in the long run and prices in the short run.
a. true
b. false
The statement "A money supply boost will boost output in the long run and prices in the short run" is true.
This is because a monetary policy that is expansive has a long-run impact on the economy's actual production of goods and services. A boost in the money supply occurs when there is a rise in the amount of money available for commercial banks to loan to individuals and businesses. This has the effect of increasing the overall money supply in circulation. This approach has the potential to help the economy's long-term performance by increasing the quantity of cash available for investment. The short-term influence of the money supply boost is on pricing, which will rise as a result of the higher demand for goods and services. These effects, however, are usually temporary, and inflation should ultimately return to its long-run pattern. A money supply boost will boost output in the long run and prices in the short run. While prices in the short run can increase, they may have an impact on the economy's long-term performance by increasing the quantity of money available for investment.
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Charlie Brown works in a local accounting firm as an auditor. He caught up with his friends Linus, Marcie and Franklin on the weekend. It turns out that Charlie is involved in the audit of the company Linus currently works for as their management accountant. Charlie was talking about how the company seems to be in desperate need of an injection of funds to remain in operation and that his boss, the audit partner, is considering whether he needs to include a "going concern" qualification in the audit report this year. Charlie said that to try and preserve Linus' job he would attempt to convince the partner that the finance is coming. He encouraged Linus to amend the latest arrangement with the bank that finishes on 20/6/2022 to 2023. List 2 breaches of the fundamental principles of ethics APES110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants and explain why it has been breached
Auditors are required to comply with ethical standards, and the fundamental principles of ethics are a part of these standards. As an auditor, Charlie Brown has breached two of the fundamental principles of ethics as stated in the APES110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants.
Auditors are required to comply with ethical standards, and the fundamental principles of ethics are a part of these standards. As an auditor, Charlie Brown has breached two of the fundamental principles of ethics as stated in the APES110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. First, the principle of integrity has been breached. This principle requires auditors to be honest and straightforward in all professional and business relationships. Charlie's attempt to convince his boss to provide a positive opinion in the audit report without proper evidence breaches this principle. He is misleading the stakeholders by presenting an opinion that is not backed up by sufficient evidence, thereby compromising his integrity as an auditor.
Secondly, the principle of objectivity has been breached. The principle requires auditors to be unbiased and not allow any personal or professional conflicts of interest to affect their objectivity. Charlie's relationship with Linus, his personal interest in preserving his friend's job, and his attempt to extend the bank's financing arrangement without proper justification undermines his objectivity as an auditor. He is no longer impartial in his audit work and is influenced by his personal interests, which is a breach of the principle of objectivity. In conclusion, Charlie Brown's actions have breached the fundamental principles of ethics, namely the principles of integrity and objectivity, and therefore, he should not be allowed to participate in the audit of the company.
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If India becomes a lender of credit
then the capital account will be a. Deficit
b. Surplus c.
Balance d. Zero
If India becomes a lender of credit, it means that India has a surplus in its balance of payments, specifically in the capital account. The correct answer is option B. surplus. This means that India's exports of goods and services are greater than its imports, resulting in a surplus.
In this situation, India would have more foreign exchange than it needs to conduct international trade. This extra foreign exchange can be lent out to other countries, hence India becomes a lender of credit.
Balance of payments refers to the record of a country's transactions with the rest of the world. It is divided into two accounts: the current account and the capital account. The current account records the transactions in goods and services, while the capital account records the transactions in financial assets.
A surplus in the capital account results in a positive balance of payments, while a deficit in the capital account results in a negative balance of payments.A balance is achieved when the value of imports equals the value of exports. In this case, India would neither be a lender nor a borrower of credit.
A zero balance of payments means that there is no surplus or deficit in the country's transactions with the rest of the world. It means that the value of exports equals the value of imports, and there is no need to borrow or lend any foreign exchange.
In conclusion, if India becomes a lender of credit, it means that India has a surplus in its balance of payments, specifically in the capital account. If there is a balance, then India neither borrows nor lends credit, and if there is a zero balance, then there is no surplus or deficit in India's transactions with the rest of the world.
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Explain the concept of the product life cycles. Assuming you are the marketing manager for the Apple i-phone X13, describe your promotion and pricing strategy at each stage of the product life cycle?
The product life cycle is the stages that a product goes through from conception to market withdrawal. There are four stages of a product life cycle including introduction, growth, maturity and decline. The concept of the product life cycle is used by businesses to understand the changes in the market demand for the product.
Below are the pricing and promotion strategies to be implemented by the marketing manager for the Apple i-phone X13 at each stage of the product life cycle:Introduction stage: At this stage, the product is introduced to the market. Since the product is new, it requires an aggressive promotion strategy to make people aware of the product. A penetration pricing strategy is implemented to ensure the price is low to attract more customers.Growth stage: At this stage, the product starts to become popular, and the sales start to increase.
A selective distribution strategy is used to ensure the product is available in key markets. A price skimming strategy is implemented to ensure the company maximizes profits.Maturity stage: At this stage, the product becomes widely accepted, and the competition becomes intense. A sales promotion strategy is used to create incentives to buy the product. A competitive pricing strategy is used to ensure the company can compete with rivals.
Decline stage: At this stage, the product sales decline, and the company may decide to withdraw the product from the market. A discount pricing strategy is implemented to clear stock and recover any losses.
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Choose one of the following theories of migration and intercultural adaptation: the U-curve model; the W-curve model; migrant-host modes of relationship; migrant network approaches; or Young Yun Kim's integrative theory of cultural adaptation. Then, explain how examples from The Economics of Happiness can be used to demonstrate three concepts that are specific to the theory you chose.
Choose one of the following sets of concepts from Stuart Hall: 1) dominant readings, negotiated readings, and oppositional readings; 2) meaning structures 1, meaning structures 2, and positionality. Then, explain how examples from The Economics of Happiness can be used to demonstrate the three concepts you chose.
Choose one of the following topic areas: Robbins and Dowty's characterization of the working class; the commodification of culture; or the culture of capitalism. Then, explain how examples from The Economics of Happiness can be used to demonstrate three concepts that are specific to the topic area you chose.
I will choose the topic area of the commodification of culture.
Example 1: Cultural Appropriation
The Economics of Happiness provides examples that demonstrate the concept of cultural appropriation within the commodification of culture. The documentary explores how cultural elements, such as traditional clothing or spiritual practices, are often taken out of their original cultural context and used for commercial gain. It presents instances where cultural symbols and traditions are misappropriated, resulting in the exploitation of marginalized communities and the dilution of cultural meaning. The film raises awareness about the need for cultural sensitivity and respect in the face of commodification.
Example 2: Tourism and Cultural Commodity
The film also examines the impact of tourism on the commodification of culture. It highlights how tourist destinations sometimes transform cultural practices and traditions into marketable commodities. The Economics of Happiness showcases instances where local communities modify their cultural expressions to cater to tourist expectations, leading to the creation of inauthentic representations of culture. This example demonstrates how the tourism industry can commodify culture for economic gain, raising questions about the preservation of cultural authenticity and the ethical considerations of turning culture into a commodity.
Example 3: Global Brands and Cultural Symbols
The Economics of Happiness addresses the influence of global brands on the commodification of culture. It showcases how multinational corporations appropriate cultural symbols or traditions to market their products. This process can diminish the cultural significance of these symbols and reduce them to mere commodities. The film raises concerns about the power dynamics between global brands and local cultures, as well as the potential consequences for cultural diversity and identity.
These examples from The Economics of Happiness illustrate the concepts of cultural appropriation, tourism's impact on cultural commodification, and the influence of global brands on cultural symbols. They provide insights into the complex dynamics of the commodification of culture and its implications for society.
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In April 2020, there was shortage of Ghacem cement in the country which led to a rise in the price of Ghacem cement. The government then intended to put a price ceiling on cement in the country to minimize the loss to users of cement for construction purposes. Some people were of the view that "the fixing of a price ceiling for cement in the country will not have any effect". Briefly discuss with the aid of an appropriate diagram, the effect of the imposition of price ceiling on Ghacem cement in the market.
As a result, a long queue of buyers will form as buyers compete for the limited amount of cement available at the price ceiling. This diagram can be used to represent the situation. The imposition of price ceiling on Ghacem cement in the market will have a negative effect, according to the above analysis.
When the demand for a commodity is greater than the supply of the commodity, a shortage occurs. When the demand for cement, particularly Ghacem cement, exceeded the supply, a scarcity occurred, and the price of cement increased in response to the excess demand. In response to the price surge, the government intends to put a price ceiling on cement in the country to minimize the loss to users of cement for construction purposes.
However, some people believe that imposing a price ceiling will not have any effect on the market. This is because a price ceiling will limit the amount that suppliers may charge for cement. The market equilibrium price, on the other hand, is determined by the interaction of supply and demand. As a result, the price ceiling will be ineffective since it will be lower than the market equilibrium price. Because the supply of cement is limited and the demand is high, there will be a queue of buyers at the market equilibrium price of P1. However, if the government imposes a price ceiling of P2, which is lower than P1, a shortage of cement will occur. Since the price is lower than the market equilibrium price, the amount of cement supplied will be lower than the amount demanded.
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Exercise 7-6 Percent of sales method; write-off LO P3 At year-end (December 31), Chan Company estimates its bad debts as 0.40% of its annual credit sales of $802,000. Chan records its Bad Debts Expense for that estimate. On the following February 1, Chan decides that the $401 account of P. Park is uncollectible and writes it off as a bad debt. On June 5, Park unexpectedly pays the amount previously written off. Prepare Chan's journal entries for the transactions. View transaction list Journal entry worksheet 1 2 3 4 Record the estimated bad debts expense. Date Dec 31 Note: Enter debits before credits. General Journal Debit Credit Journal entry worksheet < 1 2 3 Date Feb 01 Wrote off P. Park's account as uncollectible. Note: Enter debits before credits. 4 General Journal Debit Credit > Journal entry worksheet < 1 2 3 Reinstated Park's previously written off account. Note: Enter debits before credits. Date Jun 05 General Journal Debit Credit > Journal entry worksheet < 1 2 3 Record the cash received on account. Note: Enter debits before credits. Date Jun 05 General Journal Debit Credit
The Chan Company uses the percentage of sales approach to forecast bad debt costs. Bad debt costs are estimated to be 0.4 percent of the company's total annual credit sales of $802,000.
As a result, bad debt costs will be $3,208 ($802,000 x 0.4 percent).
The journal entry for the year-end adjustment would be to charge $3,208 to Bad Debt Expense and credit the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for $3,208.
The entry for writing off P. Park's account on February 1 would be a debit to Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for $401 and a credit to Accounts Receivable for $401.
The entry to reinstate the account previously written off on June 5 would be a debit to Accounts Receivable for $401 and a credit to Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for $401.
The entry to record the cash received on June 5th would be a debit to Cash for $401 and a credit to Accounts Receivable for $401.
Bad debt cost is an expense that a business incurs as a result of extending credit to clients and customers. The Chan Company utilizes the percentage of sales approach to estimate bad debt costs. Bad debt costs are predicted to be 0.4 percent of the company's total annual credit sales of $802,000 as per the given information.
As a result, bad debt costs will be $3,208 ($802,000 x 0.4 percent).
Bad Debt Expense will be charged $3,208 and the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts will be credited $3,208 for year-end adjustment. The company determines that P. Park's $401 account is uncollectible and writes it off as a bad debt on February 1st. As a result, the allowance for doubtful accounts is debited $401 and accounts receivable is credited $401 in the entry for writing off P. Park's account. On June 5th, Park unexpectedly pays the amount previously written off. The accounts receivable is debited $401, and the allowance for doubtful accounts is credited $401 in the entry to reinstate the account that was previously written off.
Finally, Chan records the cash received on account, which is debited to cash for $401 and credited to accounts receivable for $401.
As a result, the final journal entry for the transactions would be a debit of $401 to Cash and a credit of $401 to Accounts Receivable.
Conclusion: The bad debt expense is a crucial component of any business that extends credit to its clients and customers. The Chan Company uses the percentage of sales approach to calculate bad debt costs, which is a straightforward method. The journal entries for the estimated bad debts expense, writing off P. Park's account, reinstating the account previously written off, and recording the cash received on account have been provided in response to the query.
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If the board of directors authorizes a $70,000 restriction of retained earnings for a future plant expansion, the effect of this action is to:
A. decrease total retained earnings and increase total liabilities.
B. reduce the amount of retained earnings available for dividend declarations.
C. increase stockholders' equity and decrease total liabilities.
D. decrease total assets and total stockholders' equity.
The correct answer is B. reduce the amount of retained earnings available for dividend declarations.
When the board of directors authorizes a restriction of retained earnings for a future plant expansion, it means that a portion of the retained earnings is set aside and designated for a specific purpose, in this case, the plant expansion. This restriction limits the amount of retained earnings that is available for dividend distributions to shareholders.
Retained earnings represent the accumulated profits of a company that have not been distributed to shareholders as dividends. By restricting a portion of the retained earnings, the company is indicating its intention to allocate those funds for a specific investment or use, rather than distributing them to shareholders as dividends.
Therefore, the effect of this action is to reduce the amount of retained earnings available for dividend declarations.
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Suppose that each firm in a perfectly competitive market has the following cost function: c(y) = 176 + 11y2 What is the long-run market price? O A. 22 OB. 44 O C. 46 O D. 50 OE. 88
The long - run market price, given that this is a perfectly competitive market would be E. 88.
How to find the long - run market price ?We are given the cost function as :
c ( y ) = 176 + 11 y ²
Differentiating the function gives:
d ac /dy = 11 - 176/y² = 0
y = 4 units
The long run equilibrium price is therefore:
Price =174 / 4 + 11 x 4
= 43. 5 + 44
= 87. 5
= $ 88
In conclusion, the long run market price can be found to be rounded up to $ 88.
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fast please
Explain what's fiscal competitiveness and which are the Smith's idiom referring to the tax system?
Fiscal competitiveness refers to the capacity of a country to attract foreign investment, create jobs, and enhance economic growth by implementing sound fiscal policies. Smith's idiom, on the other hand, refers to the ability of a country to have a tax system that is easy to understand, simple to comply with, and does not hinder economic development in any way
Fiscal competitiveness: Fiscal competitiveness is the capacity of a country to attract foreign investment, create jobs, and enhance economic growth by implementing sound fiscal policies. It refers to the ability of a country to maintain macroeconomic stability, control public spending, and manage its debt.
A fiscally competitive country is one that provides a favorable environment for businesses to operate in and attracts foreign investment. It is a critical factor in economic development as it helps to improve the standard of living of citizens.
Smith's idiom: Smith's idiom is an expression that refers to the ability of a country to have a tax system that is easy to understand, simple to comply with, and does not hinder economic development in any way. It was named after Adam Smith, a Scottish economist who is widely regarded as the father of modern economics.
According to Smith, a good tax system should be based on the principle, which means that the burden of taxation should be distributed fairly among citizens. Additionally, a good tax system should be simple and transparent, and it should not create any disincentives for people to work and invest.
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Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz works 40 hours per week, during which he can produce 400 packs of bubble gum or 240 ice-cream cones. Perry the Platypus, who also works 40 hours per week, can produce 250 packs of bubble gum or 200 ice-cream cones. Give a range of prices of one pack of bubble gum in terms of the number of ice-cream cones per a pack of bubble gum at which both of these characters would be willing to trade. Which way they will trade? Briefly explain your answer.
To find out the range of prices of one pack of bubble gum in terms of the number of ice-cream cones per a pack of bubble gum at which both Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz and Perry the Platypus would be willing to trade, first, we can find the opportunity cost of one pack of bubble gum for both the characters.
Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz opportunity cost: Opportunity cost of 1 pack of bubble gum = 240/400 = 0.6 ice-cream cones So, Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz would be willing to trade 1 pack of bubble gum for anything more than 0.6 ice-cream cones. Perry the Platypus opportunity cost: Opportunity cost of 1 pack of bubble gum = 200/250 = 0.8 ice-cream cones So, Perry the Platypus would be willing to trade 1 pack of bubble gum for anything more than 0.8 ice-cream cones.
Range of prices of one pack of bubble gum in terms of the number of ice-cream cones per a pack of bubble gum at which both characters would be willing to trade = 0.6 to 0.8 ice-cream cones per pack of bubble gum. Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz would trade the bubble gum if he gets more than 0.6 ice-cream cones per pack of bubble gum. Perry the Platypus would trade the bubble gum if he gets more than 0.8 ice-cream cones per pack of bubble gum. Therefore, they will trade if they agree on the exchange rate which is between 0.6 to 0.8 ice-cream cones per pack of bubble gum.
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Purple Corp. was organized on January 1, 2008 wit authorized capital of 100,000 shares of P20 par value common stock. During 2008, Purple Corp had the following transactions affecting the stockholders' equity. Jan. 10 Issued 25,000 shares at P22 per share Mar. 25 Issued 1,000 shares for legal service when the fair value was P24 per share Sept. 30 Issued 5,000 shares for a piece of equipment when the fair value was P26 per share How much is the balance of the common stock account as of September 30? a.) P620,000 b.) P700,000 c.) P704,000 d.) P674,000 48. Refer to No. 47, what amount should be reported as paid-in capital in excess of par? a.) P84,000 b.) P54,000 c.) P45,000 d.) P50,000
The paid-in capital in excess of par is P704,000 - P620,000 = P84,000. The correct answer is P84,000.(option a)
To determine the balance of the common stock account as of September 30, we need to calculate the total number of shares issued and multiply it by the par value. Let's calculate the number of shares issued:
On January 10, Purple Corp issued 25,000 shares at P22 per share. So the total value of shares issued is 25,000 * P22 = P550,000.On March 25, Purple Corp issued 1,000 shares for legal services at a fair value of P24 per share. So the total value of shares issued is 1,000 * P24 = P24,000.
On September 30, Purple Corp issued 5,000 shares for a piece of equipment at a fair value of P26 per share. So the total value of shares issued is 5,000 * P26 = P130,000.
Now, let's calculate the total number of shares issued: 25,000 + 1,000 + 5,000 = 31,000 shares.
Since the par value of the common stock is P20 per share, the balance of the common stock account as of September 30 is 31,000 * P20 = P620,000.
Therefore, the correct answer is option a) P620,000.
To determine the amount reported as paid-in capital in excess of par, we need to subtract the total par value from the total amount received from issuing the shares.
The total par value of the shares issued is 31,000 * P20 = P620,000.
The total amount received from issuing the shares is P550,000 + P24,000 + P130,000 = P704,000.
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