1a. To verify the purity of the E.coli culture, the streak plate method can be used. 1b. If the culture was not pure, different colonies would be noticed on the plate. 2. The common mode of contamination is usually due to improper sterilization of equipment or improper handling of the culture. 3. A bacterial colony is a visible group of bacteria grown on a solid media surface. 4. Bacterial growing media is a substance used to support the growth of bacteria. 5. If the plate is kept upright during incubation, the condensation that forms can fall back onto the colonies and disrupt their growth.
1a. To verify the purity of the E.coli culture, you can use the streak plate method. This involves streaking the culture onto a plate with a sterile loop and then incubating the plate. If all the resulting colonies have the same morphology (appearance), then the culture is likely pure.
1b. If the culture was not pure, different colonies would be noticed growing on the plate, indicating contamination.
2. The common mode of contamination for undesired colonies growing on a streak plate is usually due to improper sterilization of equipment or improper handling of the culture. This can introduce other bacteria or fungi into the plate.
3. A bacterial colony is a visible group of bacteria grown on a solid media surface.
4. Bacterial growing media is a substance used to support the growth of bacteria. This can include things like agar, broth, or other nutrient-rich substances.
5. If the plate is kept upright during incubation, the condensation that forms can fall back onto the colonies and disrupt their growth. This can result in uneven or incomplete growth on the plate.
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new world monkeys are group of answer choices all arboreal and some have prehensile tails. generally all the same small body size. all arboreal and diurnal. almost exclusively terrestrial.
New world monkeys are primarily arboreal, meaning they spend most of their time in trees. Some species have prehensile tails, which are adapted to grasp and hold onto branches while moving through the trees.
They are also diurnal, which means they are active during the day. Unlike old world monkeys, they are generally small in body size. However, they are not almost exclusively terrestrial, as they rely on trees for their survival.
New World monkeys are a group of primates that are all arboreal and some have prehensile tails. They are also generally diurnal, meaning they are active during the day. These characteristics set them apart from other primates and allow them to thrive in their forest habitats.
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Why does a heart chamber (lumen) get smaller and force the blood out through a valve when cardiac muscle is stimulated to shorten? Signals from voluntary motor neurons cause calcium to activate sarcomeres. Muscle fibers wrap around each of the chambers of the heart. Cardiac muscle does not shorten end-to-end but, rather, toward the middle. All of the above. None of the above.
When a heart chamber (lumen) is stimulated to shorten, it gets smaller and forces blood out through a valve due to the contraction of the cardiac muscle. This process occurs because of the following reasons:
1. Signals from involuntary motor neurons trigger the release of calcium ions, which activate the sarcomeres (the basic contractile units of muscle fibers).
2. The cardiac muscle fibers wrap around each of the heart chambers, which enables a coordinated contraction to generate the necessary force to push blood out.
3. Unlike other muscle types, cardiac muscle fibers do not shorten end-to-end, but instead contract towards the middle, creating a squeezing effect on the heart chamber.
So, the correct answer is "All of the above" as all these factors contribute to the heart chamber getting smaller and forcing blood out through a valve when cardiac muscle is stimulated to shorten.
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Como seria más probable que una especie de presa se viera afectada si la enfermedad matara a la mayoría de las especiés de depredadores
When most of the predator species gets killed, the effect of prey species would be that they will overgrow resulting in intraspecific competition, eventually leading in their death.
Predator is any species which hunts and feeds upon another species. The species being eaten is called prey. And this symbiotic relation in which one species is benefitted while the other loses is called predation.
Intraspecific competition is phenomenon in which the organisms of a single species fight against each other. This usually happens when there is a scarcity of resources or lack of space in the habitat. The organisms of such species eventually die, some due to loss in competition, and rest due to depletion of resources.
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The given question is in Spanish language, the question in English language is:
How would a prey species be most likely to be affected if the disease killed most predator species?
A Robertsonian translocation is considered non-reciprocal because _______. A Robertsonian translocation is considered non-reciprocal because _______. an uneven number of gametes is produced in each meiosis the smaller of the two reciprocal products of translocated chromosomes is lost for every viable gamete formed, there are two inviable gametes formed trisomies of chromosome 21 are viable, whereas monosomies of the same chromosome are no
A Robertsonian translocation is considered non-reciprocal because the smaller of the two reciprocal products of translocated chromosomes is lost.
This results in an uneven number of gametes being produced in each meiosis. While trisomies of chromosome 21 are viable, monosomies of the same chromosome are not. In addition to viable gametes, there are two inviable gametes formed in a Robertsonian translocation.
A Robertsonian translocation is considered non-reciprocal because the smaller of the two reciprocal products of translocated chromosomes is lost. This results in an uneven number of gametes produced in each meiosis, and for every viable gamete formed, there are two inviable gametes formed. Additionally, trisomies of chromosome 21 are viable, whereas monosomies of the same chromosome are not.
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is there a free version of this website
also i just clicked biology bc it was close to the subject i was looking for yet this website doesn't have it
Answer:
i don't know if there are any other websites like this that are free. i'm currently using a school computer and this website is available and free for me so that's why i use this website.
Explanation:
cellular example of catabolite repression biology
Cellular example of catabolite repression in biology can be observed in the regulation of the lac operon in E. coli bacteria.
Catabolite repression is a control mechanism in which the presence of a preferred energy source, such as glucose, inhibits the expression of genes related to the metabolism of alternative energy sources. In the case of the lac operon, this system is responsible for the metabolism of lactose when glucose is scarce.When glucose levels are high, cAMP levels decrease, which in turn prevents the activation of the catabolite activator protein (CAP).
CAP is required to initiate the transcription of the lac operon by binding to the promoter region. In the absence of CAP binding, RNA polymerase cannot effectively bind to the promoter, leading to reduced transcription of the genes encoding for lactose metabolism enzymes. Thus, the bacteria prioritize the utilization of glucose over lactose through this catabolite repression mechanism, promoting efficient energy consumption. Cellular example of catabolite repression in biology can be observed in the regulation of the lac operon in E. coli bacteria.
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Purpose: Please describe in complete sentences and in your own words, the purpose of this experiment. Complete the following table by predicting colors of bacteria with and without cell wall as they are processed through the steps of Gram staining Steps of Gram Staining Bacteria containing thick cell wall Bacteria containing thin cell wall (LPS) Crystal violet treatment Todine Decolorization Safranin
The predicted colors of bacteria through the steps of Gram staining are :
Crystal violet treatment: - Bacteria with thick cell wall (Gram-positive): Purple - Bacteria with thin cell wall (LPS) (Gram-negative): Purple Iodine treatment: - Bacteria with thick cell wall (Gram-positive): Purple - Bacteria with thin cell wall (LPS) (Gram-negative): Purple Decolorization: - Bacteria with thick cell wall (Gram-positive): Purple - Bacteria with thin cell wall (LPS) (Gram-negative): Colorless Safranin: - Bacteria with thick cell wall (Gram-positive): Purple - Bacteria with thin cell wall (LPS) (Gram-negative): PinkThe purpose of the Gram staining experiment is to differentiate between two major types of bacteria based on their cell wall composition: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall, while Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer surrounded by an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
During the Gram staining process, crystal violet is first applied to the bacteria, which stains all cells purple. Then, iodine is added as a mordant to fix the crystal violet in the cells. Decolorization with alcohol or acetone is the next step, which removes the crystal violet from Gram-negative bacteria but not from Gram-positive bacteria due to the difference in their cell wall structure. Finally, safranin is applied as a counterstain to stain Gram-negative bacteria pink or red, while Gram-positive bacteria remain purple.
Therefore, in the table, bacteria with thick cell walls (Gram-positive) are predicted to be purple after crystal violet treatment, remain purple after iodine treatment, and remain purple after decolorization. Bacteria with thin cell walls (Gram-negative) are predicted to be purple after crystal violet treatment, remain purple after iodine treatment, but turn pink or red after decolorization due to the removal of the crystal violet stain. Gram negative are stained pink or red by safranin.
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a.) what purpose does it serve to warm the extraction buffer and tissue sample?
b.) what is the function of guanine hydrochloride?
c.) how does 95% ethanol help precipitate DNA?
a.) Warming the extraction buffer and tissue sample helps to facilitate the breakdown of cell membranes and release of DNA from the nucleus. The heat helps to disrupt the bonds between the DNA and proteins, making it easier for the DNA to be extracted.
b.) Guanine hydrochloride is a salt that is often added to DNA extraction buffers to aid in the purification of DNA. It helps to remove contaminants and other unwanted substances from the sample, leaving only the DNA behind.
c.) 95% ethanol is added to the DNA sample to help precipitate the DNA out of solution. DNA is not soluble in ethanol, so when it is added to the sample, the DNA molecules will clump together and become visible as a white, stringy material. This allows the DNA to be easily collected and purified for use in further experiments.
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Why can't a female lizard have both high fecundity and high survival? The more energy the female devotes to offspring the less that can be devoted to her survival In only rare cases, do lizards have both hith fecundity and high survival The female is already maximizing the number of she lays and if she attempts to nest later in the season, there will not be enough food for her young Competition for resources prevents this Feesale luzards are able to produce only one set of offspring What is the connection between global latitude (North vs South) and the species-energy hypothesis behind biodiversity? The polar regions receive more light than the other latitudes due to the curvature of the globe. The equator receives the highest concentration of light per unit area. The pattern of movement in the Ferrel cells drives the increased levels of biodiversity The latitudes tilted towards the Sun are able to support the highest amount of biodiversity,
A female lizard cannot have both high fecundity and high survival because the more energy she devotes to producing offspring, the less energy she has available for her survival. The species-energy hypothesis suggests that areas with higher energy availability, such as those closer to the equator, can support greater biodiversity.
A female lizard's resources are limited, and she has to allocate those resources between reproduction and survival. The more energy and resources a female lizard allocates towards producing offspring, the less energy and resources she has for her survival. Therefore, there is a trade-off between high fecundity and high survival in female lizards, and it is difficult for them to achieve both simultaneously.
As for the connection between global latitude and biodiversity, the species-energy hypothesis suggests that areas with higher energy availability, such as those closer to the equator, can support greater biodiversity. This is due to the higher concentration of light per unit area at the equator and the movement of Ferrel cells, which drive increased levels of biodiversity. Therefore, latitudes tilted towards the Sun can support the highest amount of biodiversity.
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What do we call the set of genes that is found within the collection of species present in a particular environment?
Group of answer choices: CHOOSE ONE
Pan-genome
Core genome
Metagenome
Transgenome
Pathogenome
Answer:
correct answer is Metagenome
Red foxes can often have messiness near their dens. How does this cause problems for red foxes?
Answer:
Red foxes are known to be territorial animals that often dig dens in the ground for shelter and raising their young. These dens are typically located in areas with dense vegetation or near rocky outcrops to provide cover and protection from predators.
However, the messiness near their dens, which is caused by their habit of carrying food back to the den to eat, can cause problems for red foxes in a few ways. Firstly, the leftover food scraps can attract other animals, such as raccoons or skunks, which can compete with the red foxes for food or even attack their young. This can put the survival of the red foxes and their offspring at risk.
Secondly, the messiness near their den can also attract human attention, which can lead to unwanted human interactions and disturbances. This can be particularly problematic in urban areas where red foxes may be viewed as a nuisance or threat to pets.
Furthermore, the presence of leftover food and waste near the den can also attract parasites and disease-carrying insects, which can negatively impact the health of the red foxes and their offspring.
In summary, the messiness near their dens can cause problems for red foxes by attracting other animals, unwanted human attention, and parasites and disease-carrying insects. Red foxes have evolved to be highly adaptable to different environments, but their survival depends on their ability to maintain their territories and find suitable shelter and food sources.
Explanation:
Suppose that you are viewing star A at 11:32 PM on September 2. You note where the star is in the sky at this time. Your friend visits you on September 13. At what time should you both look for this star in the same spot in the sky?Explain.
You and your friend should look for star A in the same spot in the sky at 10:48 PM on September 13.
To answer your question about viewing star A in the same spot in the sky, let's consider the following terms: sidereal day, Earth's rotation, and time difference.
1. Sidereal day: A sidereal day is the time it takes for Earth to complete one rotation with respect to the stars, which is approximately 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds.
2. Earth's rotation: Earth rotates on its axis, causing stars to appear to move across the sky. Because Earth's rotation is slightly less than 24 hours, stars appear to shift about 4 minutes earlier each day.
3. Time difference: There are 11 days between September 2 and September 13 (13 - 2 = 11).
Now, let's calculate the time you and your friend should look for star A in the same spot in the sky:
Step 1: Multiply the time difference (11 days) by the 4 minutes difference in Earth's rotation for each day: 11 * 4 = 44 minutes.
Step 2: Subtract 44 minutes from the original time of 11:32 PM on September 2: 11:32 PM - 44 minutes = 10:48 PM.
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What is the order that oxygen reaches
the following structures in the
respiratory system, from first to last?
A. nose -> trachea -> pharynx
B. trachea -> nose -> pharynx
C. nose -> pharynx -> trachea
D. pharynx -> trachea -> nose
Answer:
Explanation:
The sequence of air passage during inhalation is as follows:
⇒ Nostrils→pharynx→larynx→trachea→alveoli.
Hi dearest!
method used to locate causal variants by investigating co-transmission of disease and markers in pedigrees
Linkage Analysis is a technique used to identify causative variations by looking into the co-transmission of disease and markers in pedigrees.
What techniques are employed in linkage analysis?Linkage analyses can be divided into two main categories: parametric and nonparametric. The typical approach is called parametric linkage analysis. Large pedigrees with a distinct Mendelian inheritance pattern are typically examined, together with a disease model such as dominant, additive, or recessive.
Which genetic variations are suitable for linkage study analysis?Many Mendelian disorders, which are brought on by mutations in a single gene, including Huntington's disease, cystic fibrosis, and early-onset Alzheimer's disease, have successfully been linked to their genetic roots through linkage studies.
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Question:
Match the following terms with their best/ most reasonable descriptions:
Method used to locate causal variants by investigating co- transmission of disease and markers in pedigrees.
Method used to identify markers (that tag causal variants) systematically across the genome.
Method which tests for associations polymorphisms common in the population for common phenotypes, with the hypothesis that the gene tested is a causal variant.
what is the cell concentration in original yeast culture that was used to make serial dilutions to imitate the growth of culture
To determine the cell concentration in the original yeast culture, it is necessary to perform a viable count. This involves making serial dilutions of the culture and then plating them onto a growth medium.
This is important to note that the accuracy of the viable count depends on factors such as the efficiency of plating and the ability to distinguish individual colonies.
After incubation, the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) can be counted to determine the cell concentration. The dilution factor used will depend on the expected cell concentration and
the ability to accurately count the CFUs. A common dilution factor for yeast cultures is 10^-6. From this dilution, the CFUs can be counted and used to calculate the cell concentration in the original culture.
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form a hypothesis about photosynthetic activity in leaf cells covered by different colored filters. predict the results of the experiment based on your hypothesis (if/then).
Hypothesis: If leaf cells are covered with different colored filters, then the photosynthetic activity will vary because different colors of light will have different effects on the process of photosynthesis.
Experiment: To test this hypothesis, you can conduct an experiment where you cover leaf cells (e.g., from spinach or another suitable plant) with colored filters such as red, blue, green, and clear (as a control). Measure the rate of photosynthesis by monitoring oxygen production or the rate of carbon dioxide consumption in a controlled environment, keeping all other factors constant (e.g., temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, etc.).
Prediction: Based on the hypothesis, the prediction would be that leaves covered with blue and red filters will show higher photosynthetic activity than those covered with green filters. This is because blue and red light wavelengths are most effective in driving photosynthesis, whereas green light is less effective as plants primarily reflect it, giving them their green color. The clear filter will serve as a control to compare the effects of different colors on photosynthesis rates.
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Detailed investigation of a large population of terrestrial animals showed that 91% of the members exhibited the dominant trait of a character known to be controlled by two allelic genes, one of which is dominant over the other. a. What is the frequency of the dominant gene in the population? b. What % of this population would be heterozygous for this character? C. What % of the population would be homozygous for the dominant trait? e. d. What % of the population possesses at least one recessive allele for this character? Another very small population of the same species is present on a small island cut off from the area of the first population by an eroding river. In this population the recessive allele is not found at all. What could be the effect of this? f. In a third and large population existing over 100 miles to the south of the first one described, the two alleles are present, but the frequency of the dominant allele is 0.3. What is the most probable explanation for this difference?
Due to the complete dominance of "A" over "a," the homozygous "AA" or heterozygous "Aa" genotypes will result in the dominant phenotype being seen.
Genetic traitThe homozygous aa genotype determines the recessive phenotype. Accordingly, the frequency of the dominant phenotype is equal to the product of the frequencies of AA and Aa, while the frequency of the recessive phenotype is just aa. Given that you have demonstrated that the recessive frequency is 36% in the first half of the question above, the dominant frequency is 64%.Codominance is the term used specifically to describe a system in which the progeny simultaneously exhibits both phenotypes due to the combination of alleles from each homozygote parent. The ABO blood type system in humans is an illustration of codominance.For ore information on dominant trait kindly visit to
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What is the only known host of the trichomonas vaginalis?
The only known host of Trichomonas vaginalis is humans. This protozoan parasite infects the urogenital tract of both men and women and is transmitted through sexual contact. T. vaginalis can cause trichomoniasis, which is a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
It is estimated that about 3.7 million people in the United States are infected with T. vaginalis, and many of them do not experience any symptoms. However, some people may experience symptoms such as itching, burning, and discharge from the genitals. Trichomoniasis can be easily treated with antibiotics, but it is important to get tested and treated as soon as possible to avoid complications and further spread of the infection. It is also important to practice safe sex by using condoms and getting tested regularly for STIs.
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If a cow develops a preference for eating white four o’clock flowers and ignoring pink and red four o’clock flowers, what type of selection is being demonstrated? Sketch a graph of the curve with labeled axis to demonstrate the selection.
The type of selection being demonstrated is directional selection.
Directional selection is a type of natural selection in which individuals with a particular trait are more likely to survive and reproduce than those without the trait. In this case, if a cow develops a preference for eating white four o'clock flowers and ignores pink and red four o'clock flowers, it is likely that individuals with the trait of preferring white flowers will be more successful in finding food and reproducing than those without the trait.
Over time, this can lead to an increase in the frequency of the trait within the population, as individuals with the trait leave more offspring. A graph of directional selection would show a shift in the mean of the trait towards the favored direction, in this case, a preference for white flowers.
The x-axis would represent the trait being selected, and the y-axis would represent the frequency of the trait within the population. The graph would show a curve that slopes towards the favored trait, with the peak of the curve shifting towards the direction of selection.
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why water are essential fr the plants?
Answer: Water serves as a solvent for the minerals and nutrients that plants absorb through their roots. This allows these nutrients to be transported throughout the plant, providing it with the resources it needs to grow and thrive. Secondly, water is a crucial component of photosynthesis, the process by which plants produce energy from sunlight. Without water, plants cannot produce energy and will eventually die. Thirdly, water helps regulate the temperature of plants, preventing them from overheating in hot conditions.
3. Hydrophobic residues usually appear at the first and fourth positions in the seven-residue repeats of polypeptides that form coiled coils. (a) Why do polar or charged residues usually appear in the remaining five positions? (b) Why is the sequence IQEVERD more likely that the sequence WQEYERD to appear in a coiled coil?
(a)Hydrophobic residues are typically found at the first and fourth positions in coiled coils because they interact with each other through van der Waals forces, which stabilizes the coiled coil structure. However, if hydrophilic (polar or charged) residues were present in these positions, they would disrupt the hydrophobic interactions and destabilize the structure. Therefore, polar or charged residues usually appear in the remaining five positions to allow for interactions between the two coiled-coil helices while avoiding disruption of the hydrophobic interactions at the first and fourth positions.
(b) The sequence IQEVERD is more likely to appear in a coiled coil because it contains a pattern of hydrophobic and polar residues that allows for strong coiled coil formation. Specifically, the sequence contains a hydrophobic residue (Isoleucine) at the first position, followed by a polar residue (Glutamine) and a hydrophobic residue (Valine) at the third and fourth positions, respectively. The remaining positions are occupied by polar or charged residues, which allow for interactions between the two coiled-coil helices while avoiding disruption of the hydrophobic interactions at the first and fourth positions. In contrast, the sequence WQEYERD contains polar residues in both the first and fourth positions, which would likely destabilize the coiled-coil structure.
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Young children hear the song and look forward to summer days.
Which of the following would be MOST useful in supporting this statement?
O A. examples of the warmest months of summer
OB. examples of other fun summertime activities
OC. a true story about children who like to eat ice cream
OD. a true story about children enjoying the song
The option that would be MOST useful in supporting this statement is examples of other fun summertime activities.
option B.
How does option B support the statement?Option B would be the most useful in supporting the statement as it provides additional information about the enjoyment of summer days beyond just the song. It suggests that there are other fun summertime activities that young children look forward to, which reinforces the idea that they anticipate and enjoy summer days.
This option provides broader context and strengthens the statement by implying that the children's excitement is not solely dependent on the song, but also extends to other activities associated with summer.
Thus, by providing a broader context of other fun summertime activities, Option B strengthens the statement by implying that children have a positive association with summer as a whole, and not solely dependent on the song. It adds more depth to the statement and provides additional evidence of children's enthusiasm for summer days beyond just the mention of the song.
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please helpp 5 star for the first answer
Answer: Wrote the answer below
Explanation: The result of the 2 purple flowers mating results in 25% of the offspring having the genotype (pp) indicates that this flower is homozygous recessive. The p allele is recessive and 'homo' in homozygous means the same.
This results in the genotype being pp and the phenotype being white.
Phenotype are the physical traits. Genotype is the entire genetic material of an organism.
The diagrams show objects' gravitational pull toward
each other.
N
X
Y
d return
Which statement describes the relationship between
diagram X and Y?
O Gravity attracts only larger objects toward one
another.
O Gravity attracts larger objects only if they are close
to one another.
O If the masses of the objects increase, then the
force between them also increases.
If distance between the objects increases, then the
amount of force also increases.
Next
Submit
The closest possible answer from the given options is :
So we can infer that if the distance between the objects increases, then the amount of force also increases.
Therefore option D is correct.
What is the inverse square law?The inverse square law states that the force of gravity between two objects decreases as the square of the distance between them increases.
This statement is a fundamental principle of gravity.
The Newton's law of universal gravitation has a relationship with the inverse-square law, in the effects of electric, light, sound, and radiation phenomena.
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As cosmetologist you do not need to study the structure of the skin, how it grows, or why it is Important to maintain a healthy diet.
A) True
B) False
The correct answer is B) False. As a cosmetologist, it is crucial to study the structure of the skin, understand how it grows, and recognize the importance of maintaining a healthy diet.
As a cosmetologist, it is important to understand the structure of the skin in order to properly care for it and provide effective treatments. Knowing how the skin grows and functions allow cosmetologists to address various skin concerns and recommend appropriate products and services. Additionally, a healthy diet plays a significant role in maintaining healthy skin, hair, and nails. Cosmetologists should be knowledgeable about the connection between nutrition and beauty and be able to provide clients with advice on maintaining a healthy diet for optimal beauty benefits. This knowledge allows cosmetologists to provide better care and services for their clients, ensuring they achieve optimal skin health and appearance.
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how can bod affect ph and oxygen levels in a body of water
BOD affects the pH and oxygen levels in the water. This is because BOD, pH and oxygen levels are included in the group for measuring good water quality parameters.
pH plays a role in determining the level of acidity and base level in water. If the pH is too acidic or alkaline then the water quality will be bad.
Oxygen is present in water which is often called dissolved oxygen (DO). The function of DO itself is to measure the amount of oxygen dissolved in water. The more oxygen in it, the better the quality of the water.
BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) is a measurement that aims to determine the amount of degraded biochemicals in water. The worse the quality of pH and oxygen in the water, the lower the BOD.
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in the natural selection simulation we set the fitness of rr individuals to 0. why does the r allele persist in the population? what would happen if selection was less extreme?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Food webs and energy transfer mystery activity worksheet
Introduction:
most deep water fish are not considered commercially important, because their flesh lacks protein and has a watery consistency, making them unattractive as a food source. This is partly due to the challenge of finding food in deep water, since there is not much phytoplankton or zooplankton after about 100 m of depth. But in the 1980s, fisherman discovered large populations of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) living at depths between 700-1200 meters. The population of orange roughy and other similar fish were concentrated around seamounts (undersea mountains formed by volcanic processes) around Australia and New Zealand. These fish are large, muscular, and have firm flesh with a high concentration of proteins, making them very commercially attractive. But why are these populations thriving in such deep waters? What are they eating?
Clues:
•Primary production at the sea surface above seamounts, where orange roughy are found is approximately 200 g of carbon per square meter per year.
•Compared to the surrounding ocean waters, seamounts, have high biological productivity, and provide habitats for a variety of plants, animals, and microbial species.
•Orange Roughy are typically found in densities that are equivalent to 5 g of carbon per square meter per year.
•Orange Roughy consume approximately 1% of their body weight daily.
•Most photosynthesis in the ocean takes place in the upper 100 m of the water column. A portion of this primary production is consumed by zooplankton. Some zooplankton are consumed by planktivores, and a portion of the planktivores are in turn consumed by carnivores. Each stage is called a trophic level.
•Orange Roughy seed, primarily on small fishes, and squid, which pray on small crustaceans, primarily zooplankton, making them in the fourth trophic level.
•In general, the amount of energy available at a given trophic level is about 1/10 of the energy supplied by the previous trophic level.
Questions:
1. Estimate the amount of food (in grams of carbon per square meter per year) available to the orange roughy populations.
Hint: orange roughy are feeding at the fourth trophic level. So, the amount of food available is the amount provided by primary production, multiplied by 1/10 available from the second trophic level, multiplied by 1/10 available from the third trophic level.
2. Estimate the amount of food required by these populations (in grams of carbon per square meter per year).
Hint: orange roughy, consume 1% of their body weight daily, so in one year they consume 1% times 365 of their body weight. If the density of orange roughy is 5 g of carbon per square meter, then they require (5 g carbon per square meter) times 365%.
3. What are some possible sources of food, other than the primary production in the water directly around the orange roughy?
Hint: seamounts greatly alter current patterns, causing upwellings and circulation cells.
The amount of food available to the orange roughy populations is approximately 2 g of carbon per square meter per year.
Seamounts can play an important role in supporting the food web in deep waters and sustaining the orange roughy populations.
What is the amount of food available to the orange roughy populations?To estimate the amount of food available to the orange roughy populations, we can start with the primary production at the sea surface above seamounts, which is approximately 200 g of carbon per square meter per year.
However, since the orange roughy are feeding at the fourth trophic level, we need to multiply this value by 1/10 available from the second trophic level (zooplankton), and then by another 1/10 available from the third trophic level (planktivores).
Therefore, the amount of food available to the orange roughy populations is approximately 2 g of carbon per square meter per year (200 x 0.1 x 0.1).
To estimate the amount of food required by these populations,
The density of orange roughy is 5 g of carbon per square meter.
If we assume that the average weight of an orange roughy is 1 kg, then the number of orange roughy per square meter is 200 (since 1 kg = 1000 g and 5 g carbon per square meter = 0.005 kg).
Therefore, the amount of food required by these populations is approximately 36.5 g of carbon per square meter per year (5 x 200 x 0.01 x 365).
Seamounts alter current patterns, causing upwellings and circulation cells. These upwellings can bring nutrients from deeper waters to the surface, which can increase primary productivity in the water column. In addition, seamounts can provide habitats for a variety of plants, animals, and microbial species, which can serve as food sources for the orange roughy populations.
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contrast the roles of trna and mrna during translation, and list all enzymes that participate in the translation process.
tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation, while mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome. Enzymes involved in translation include aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, peptidyl transferase, and ribosome.
During translation, tRNA and mRNA play different roles. mRNA serves as a template that specifies the sequence of amino acids in a protein, while tRNA carries the corresponding amino acid to the ribosome, where it is added to the growing protein chain. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is responsible for attaching the correct amino acid to the tRNA, while peptidyl transferase catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. The ribosome is the large complex that coordinates the binding of mRNA and tRNA, and facilitates the synthesis of the protein.
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How is a cepheid Variable star identified?
Pulsates radically with a clear change in Luminosity
It’s luminosity dims as it rotates
It’s being torn apart by tidal forces
It’s brightness appears to change during transit
Penn foster
Answer:
lumious
Explanation:
because it luminiuos
Answer:
Explanation:
A cepheid Variable star is identified by pulsating radically with a clear change in luminosity. These stars have a regular periodicity in their pulsations, which can be used to calculate their luminosity and distance from Earth. This property makes them important tools for measuring distances in astronomy.