To forecast Broussard Skateboard's additional funds needed (AFN) for the coming year, we can use the AFN equation. The AFN equation calculates the difference between the company's projected assets and liabilities, taking into account the expected increase in sales and the requirement for assets to grow at the same rate.
Let's break down the information provided:
1. Sales growth: The sales are expected to increase by 15% from $57 million in 2019 to $9.43 million in 2020. This growth rate will be used to estimate the increase in assets.
2. Assets: At the end of 2019, Broussard Skateboard's assets totaled $5 million. Since the company is at full capacity, the assets must grow at the same rate as the projected sales growth of 15%.
3. Current liabilities: At the end of 2019, the current liabilities were $1.4 million, consisting of accounts payable, notes payable, and accruals.
4. After-tax profit margin: The forecasted after-tax profit margin is 4%. This will be used to estimate the retained earnings.
5. Payout ratio: The forecasted payout ratio is 60%. This indicates the portion of the after-tax profit that will be paid out as dividends.
Now let's calculate the AFN using the AFN equation:
AFN = (A*/S₀) × ΔS - (L*/S₀) × ΔS - MS₁(RR)
Where:
AFN = Additional Funds Needed
A* = Assets required as a function of sales
S₀ = Last year's sales
ΔS = Change in sales
L* = Liabilities that spontaneously increase with sales
MS₁ = Retained earnings multiplier (1 - payout ratio)
RR = Retained earnings ratio (After-tax profit margin)
First, we calculate A* (Assets required as a function of sales):
A* = (Assets/Sales) × ΔS
A* = ($5 million/$57 million) × 15%
A* ≈ $1,315,789
Next, we calculate L* (Liabilities that spontaneously increase with sales):
L* = (Liabilities/Sales) × ΔS
L* = ($1.4 million/$57 million) × 15%
L* ≈ $365,789
Now we calculate the retained earnings using the after-tax profit margin and the payout ratio:
Retained Earnings = After-tax profit × (1 - Payout ratio)
Retained Earnings = $57 million × 4% × (1 - 60%)
Retained Earnings ≈ $912,000
Finally, we can calculate the AFN:
AFN = A* - L* - Retained Earnings
AFN ≈ $1,315,789 - $365,789 - $912,000
AFN ≈ $37,000
Therefore, Broussard Skateboard's additional funds needed for the coming year is approximately $37,000.
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You made a gain of $225.75 b. Suppose you decide to use limit orders instead of market orders. On October 16, you put in a limit order to buy 525 shares of BRAK at $14.57 per share. On October 17, you put in a limit order to sell 525 shares of BRAK at $15.05 per share. Both orders were executed on their respective days. Assuming no brokerage commissions, how much of a gain or loss did you make? (Round to two decimal places.) You made a ___ of ___
The given problem is about the calculation of the gain or loss made when the limit orders are used instead of the market orders. the problem is "gain" or "loss".Solution Given, the gain made = $225.75We are to calculate the gain or loss made using the limit orders
On October 16, you put in a limit order to buy 525 shares of BRAK at $14.57 per share. On October 17, you put in a limit order to sell 525 shares of BRAK at $15.05 per share. The price of 1 share of BRAK is bought at = $14.57The price of 1 share of BRAK is sold at = $15.05The total number of shares bought = 525The total cost of shares bought = 525 × $14.57 = $7642.25The total cost of shares sold = 525 × $15.05 = $7892.25Gain = Total selling price - Total cost price = $7892.25 - $7642.25 = $250.
you made "gain of $250". Limit orders refer to the orders that are executed at a specified price. In this case, the orders to buy and sell the shares of BRAK are executed when the price of the share reaches $14.57 and $15.05 per share, respectively. The total number of shares bought and sold are the same, that is, 525 shares. The total cost of shares bought is $7642.25. The total cost of shares sold is $7892.25. The gain is calculated by subtracting the total cost price from the total selling price. Therefore, the gain made by using the limit orders is $250.
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A married taxpayer filed a joint return with her husband. The couple did not file an extension and paid the tax owed for the year by the required due date. Two years later, the wife filed an amended return (Form 1040X) and claimed married filing separately filing status. By changing her filing status, the wife sought a refund for an overpayment (she claims that she personally paid more on the joint return than she owed on a separate return).
Filing status information is covered in Chapter 4. Additional research using Checkpoint will be needed to specifically answer question 1. Please be sure to cite your primary source(s) (not Checkpoint. This is a database tool of find the primary source(s).
Required:
Perform tax research using tax laws (cite primary sources) to address the following issues. Explain your answers and the authority used on each (1-5):
1. In the example above, is the wife allowed to change her filing status for the tax year and receive a refund with her amended return? Research Treasury Reg. §1.6013-1(a) incorporate the following in your analysis.
Discuss why legally married taxpayers may want to file as married filing separately (identify various reasons).
Discuss the concept of joint and several liability and the taxpayer responsibility of any federal income tax liability.
Discuss and differentiate between an abandoned spouse and injured spouse.
Yes, it is permissible for the wife to change her filing status for the tax year and receive a refund by filing an amended return. According to Treasury Regulation §1.6013-1(a), married taxpayers have the option to change their filing status, including filing as married filing separately, depending on their specific circumstances.
There are several reasons why a married taxpayer may choose to file separately, such as higher joint income pushing them into a higher tax bracket, substantial individual deductions or losses, or if one spouse has low income and itemized deductions subject to limitations.
It's important to understand the concept of joint and several liability in the context of filing jointly.
When a married couple files a joint tax return, both spouses are individually and jointly responsible for the entire tax liability, regardless of their respective income or responsibility for errors on the return.
This means that the IRS can collect the full amount owed from either spouse. However, an abandoned spouse and an injured spouse are distinct in their circumstances.
An abandoned spouse refers to a married individual who has lived separately from their spouse for the last six months of the year and has shouldered more than half the cost of maintaining a household for the entire year for a dependent child or stepchild.
On the other hand, an injured spouse is a spouse who has overpaid taxes or has had a portion of their joint refund applied to the other spouse's outstanding obligations, such as child support, spousal support, federal debts, or state debts.
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You own 500 shares of Stock A at a price of $65 per share, 567 shares of Stock B at $71 per share, and 550 shares of Stock C at $34 per sharer. The betas for the stocks are 1.8, 1.3, and 0.6, respectively. What is the beta of your portfolio? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
When the betas for the stocks are 1.8, 1.3, and 0.6, respectively then the Portfolio Beta is 1.22.
Given data:
You own 500 shares of Stock A at a price of $65 per share, 567 shares of Stock B at $71 per share, and 550 shares of Stock C at $34 per sharer.
The betas for the stocks are 1.8, 1.3, and 0.6, respectively.
Portfolio Beta:Portfolio Beta is the weighted average of betas of individual securities in a portfolio.
Here, the Beta of Stock A is 1.8, the Beta of Stock B is 1.3, and the Beta of Stock C is 0.6.
Therefore, the weighted average of the Beta of the portfolio can be calculated as:
Portfolio Beta = [(Number of shares of Stock A × Beta of Stock A) + (Number of shares of Stock B × Beta of Stock B) + (Number of shares of Stock C × Beta of Stock C)] / Total number of shares in the portfolio
Portfolio Beta = [(500 × 1.8) + (567 × 1.3) + (550 × 0.6)] / (500 + 567 + 550)
Portfolio Beta = (900 + 736.1 + 330) / 1617Portfolio Beta = 1966.1 / 1617
Portfolio Beta = 1.215
Approximately, the portfolio beta is equal to 1.22 (rounded to two decimal places).
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5 Exercise 3-4 (Algo) Underapplied and Overapplied Overhead [LO3-4] Osborn Manufacturing uses a predetermined overhead rate of $20.20 per direct labor-hour. This predetermined rate was based on a cost
1. The amount of overapplied manufacturing overhead for the period is $2,160.
2. The amount of the decrease would be equal to the amount of the overapplied overhead, which is $2,160.
How did we get these values?1. To determine the amount of underapplied or overapplied manufacturing overhead, we need to calculate the difference between the actual overhead incurred and the overhead applied based on the predetermined rate.
Actual manufacturing overhead: $255,000
Actual direct labor-hours: 12,900
Predetermined overhead rate: $19.60 per direct labor-hour
Estimated activity level: 13,400 direct labor-hours
Predetermined overhead applied: $19.60 * 12,900 = $252,840
Underapplied or overapplied overhead = Actual manufacturing overhead - Predetermined overhead applied
Underapplied or overapplied overhead = $255,000 - $252,840 = $2,160 (overapplied)
The amount of overapplied manufacturing overhead for the period is $2,160.
2. If the company chooses to close the underapplied or overapplied overhead to Cost of Goods Sold, the journal entry to dispose of the overapplied overhead would decrease the company's gross margin.
Journal entry to dispose of the overapplied overhead:
Debit: Cost of Goods Sold - $2,160
Credit: Manufacturing Overhead - $2,160
Since Cost of Goods Sold is an expense, increasing it with the debit entry will decrease the gross margin. The amount of the decrease would be equal to the amount of the overapplied overhead, which is $2,160.
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The complete question goes thus:
Exercise 3-4 Underapplied and Overapplied Overhead [LO3-4] Osborn Manufacturing uses a predetermined overhead rate of $19.60 per direct labor-hour. This predetermined rate was based on a cost formula that estimates $262,640 of total manufacturing overhead for an estimated activity level of 13,400 direct labor-hours The company actually incurred $255,000 of manufacturing overhead and 12,900 direct labor-hours during the period. Required 1. Determine the amount of underapplied or overapplied manufacturing overhead for the period. 2. Assume that the company's underapplied or overapplied overhead is closed to Cost of Goods Sold. Would the journal entry to dispose of the underapplied or overapplied overhead increase or decrease the company's gross margin? By how much? 1. Manufacturing overhead 2. The gross margin would by by
The Historical Cost Concept:
A.
Requires that transactions be measured at their original cost to the firm
B.
Permits property, plant, and equipment to be restated at current market value
C.
Allows unrealized capital gains to be recognized on fixed assets before they are sold
D.
Seldom applies to nonmonetary assets
The Historical Cost Concept: Requires that transactions be measured at their original cost to the firm.What is the historical cost concept?Historical cost concept is a principle of accounting that requires the recording of assets in financial statements at their original or acquisition cost. This means that once an asset is acquired, its cost is set and recorded, and it will not be affected by any changes in the asset's fair market value that occur after the acquisition.The following are the options for the given question:The Historical Cost Concept:A. Requires that transactions be measured at their original cost to the firm (Correct)B. Permits property, plant, and equipment to be restated at current market valueC. Allows unrealized capital gains to be recognized on fixed assets before they are soldD. Seldom applies to nonmonetary assetsTherefore, the Historical Cost Concept requires that transactions be measured at their original cost to the firm.
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Which of the following statements is true? O After obtaining a statutory power of sale, the mortgagee can only sell the mortgaged property in an auction. O Any excess in sale proceeds will be returned
After obtaining a statutory power of sale, the mortgagee can only sell the mortgaged property in an auction. This statement is true.
What is statutory power of sale?
Statutory power of sale is a method by which a mortgagee can sell mortgaged property when the mortgagor fails to fulfill the conditions of the mortgage agreement. The mortgagee is empowered by law to sell the property without seeking judicial intervention under statutory power of sale. It is a less expensive and time-consuming method of selling a mortgaged property than going to court. Only in an auction After obtaining a statutory power of sale, the mortgagee can only sell the mortgaged property in an auction. This means that an auction is the only means by which the mortgagee can dispose of the property. The sale proceeds are used to cover the mortgage debt, interest, and other related expenses. If there is any money left over after the mortgage has been paid in full, it is returned to the mortgagor. Excess in sale proceeds If the sale proceeds of the mortgaged property exceed the amount owed to the mortgagee, the excess amount is returned to the mortgagor. This is the case when the sale proceeds of the mortgaged property exceed the amount of the outstanding mortgage balance, including interest and any other fees and charges. The excess amount is returned to the mortgagor by the mortgagee.
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Accounts receivable will appear on which of the following financial statements? Multiple Choice Statement of cash flows Balance sheet 4 Income statement Statement of changes in stockholders' equity
A
Accounts receivable will appear on the balance sheet financial statement. The balance sheet shows the assets, liabilities, and owner's equity of an entity as of a specific date. It is one of the primary financial statements used in accounting and provides a snapshot of a company's
financial position at a specific point in time Financial statements are critical documents for any business. They help companies understand their financial position and performance by providing an overview of their financial transactions. Financial statements provide a summary of the company's revenues, expenses, assets, and liabilities. There are four main financial statements: balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flows, and statement of changes in equity.Each statement focuses on a different aspect of the business. The income statement shows the company's revenues and expenses over a period of time, while the statement of cash flows shows the company's cash inflows and outflows over a period.
The statement of changes in equity details the changes in a company's equity over a period of time. Accounts receivable is a current asset and is found on the balance sheet. The balance sheet provides an overview of the company's financial position at a particular point in time. It lists all of the company's assets, including current and non-current assets. Accounts receivable is a current asset because it represents money that is owed to the company and is expected to be paid within a year or less. In conclusion, the main answer to the question is that accounts receivable will appear on the balance sheet financial statement, and the long answer is that the balance sheet provides an overview of the company's financial position at a particular point in time. It lists all of the company's assets, including current and non-current assets, and accounts receivable is a current asset because it represents money that is owed to the company and is expected to be paid within a year or less.
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Find the nominal exchange rate and calculate the real and effective (trade-weighted) exchange rate of Australia. Graph these exchange rates. Use monthly or at least quarterly data for the last five years and comment on it
The nominal exchange rate of a currency is the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another. Real exchange rate is the value of a currency adjusted for inflation. The effective exchange rate is a measure of the value of a country's currency against a basket of foreign currencies.
To find the nominal exchange rate and calculate the real and effective exchange rate of Australia, quarterly data for the last five years can be used. This can be graphed to show the changes over time. Nominal exchange rate of Australia:
The nominal exchange rate of Australia can be found by comparing the Australian dollar to the US dollar. As an example, if the exchange rate is 0.75 USD/AUD, it means that one US dollar can buy 0.75 Australian dollars.
Real exchange rate of Australia: To calculate the real exchange rate of Australia, the nominal exchange rate must be adjusted for inflation. The formula for real exchange rate is:
Real exchange rate = Nominal exchange rate x (Domestic Price level/Foreign Price level)
Where the domestic price level is the average price of goods and services in Australia and the foreign price level is the average price of goods and services in other countries.
Effective exchange rate of Australia: The effective exchange rate of Australia can be calculated by taking a weighted average of the exchange rate with other countries. This can be done using a trade-weighted index.
Graph of exchange rates: The exchange rates can be graphed to show the changes over time. The nominal exchange rate, real exchange rate, and effective exchange rate can be plotted on the same graph for comparison.
Comments: By comparing the nominal exchange rate, real exchange rate, and effective exchange rate, it can be seen that the Australian dollar has fluctuated over the past five years. Factors that can affect exchange rates include interest rates, inflation rates, economic growth, and political stability. An increase in interest rates, for example, can lead to an increase in the value of the Australian dollar. On the other hand, political instability can lead to a decrease in the value of the Australian dollar. Overall, it is important to consider multiple factors when analyzing exchange rates.
The present value of the cash flow is approximately $17,669.12.To calculate the present value of the cash flow, we need to discount each cash flow to its present value and then sum them up. The formula to calculate the present value of a future cash flow is:
PV = CF1 / (1 + r)^1 + CF2 / (1 + r)^2 + ... + CFn / (1 + r)^n
Where PV is the present value, CF1, CF2, ..., CFn are the cash flows in each period, r is the interest rate, and n is the number of periods.
In this case, the cash flow starts with $1,500 at the end of year 1 and increases by $500 per year thereafter. The interest rate is 8% compounded annually.
Let's calculate the present value:
PV = $1,500 / (1 + 0.08)^1 + $2,000 / (1 + 0.08)^2 + $2,500 / (1 + 0.08)^3 + ... + $16,000 / (1 + 0.08)^30
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet, the present value of this cash flow would be $17,669.12 (rounded to the nearest cent).
Therefore, the present value of the cash flow is approximately $17,669.12.
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For Swifty Inc., variable manufacturing overhead costs are expected to be $21,600 in the first quarter of 2022, with $5,400 increments in each of the remaining three quarters. Fixed overhead costs are
For Swifty Inc., variable manufacturing overhead costs are expected to be $21,600 in the first quarter of 2022, with $5,400 increments in each of the remaining three quarters.
Fixed overhead costs are given as $87,000. The expected overhead cost for 2022 is the total of fixed and variable costs.
The total variable manufacturing overhead costs are given as: $21,600 (for the first quarter) + $5,400 × 3 (for the remaining three quarters) = $21,600 + $16,200 = $37,800.
The expected overhead cost for 2022, therefore, is:
Fixed overhead costs + Total variable manufacturing overhead costs = $87,000 + $37,800 = $124,800. Therefore, the expected overhead cost for 2022 is $124,800.
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If you were expanding your business to a foreign country what process would you take to plan for the venture. What metrics would you use to plan and evaluate if you were on track with the new international business. How would factors like politics, economics, social trends, technological trends, environmental trends and legal trends impact your planning.
If you were expanding your business to a foreign country what process would you take to plan for the venture?Expanding your business to a foreign country requires extensive planning, research, and evaluation of metrics. The following process is suggested for planning a venture to a foreign country.
Market research: You need to conduct market research to know the local market size and its potential for growth. The research will provide you with detailed information on customer demographics, local competition, market demand, and local regulations.Business model and strategy: Based on the market research, you need to create a business model and strategy that aligns with the new market's demand and regulations.Financial planning: You need to calculate your potential expenses, including the cost of entering the new market, adapting your products or services to local demand, and operating costs.Metrics to plan and evaluate:Metrics are an essential part of planning and evaluating the success of a new international business.
Some of the metrics that can be used for planning and evaluating the success of a new international business are market share, customer satisfaction, sales, return on investment (ROI), profitability, etc.How would factors like politics, economics, social trends, technological trends, environmental trends, and legal trends impact your planning?Political factors: You need to assess the political stability of the country you plan to expand your business into. The country's political situation may affect the tax system, trade regulations, and other business activities.Economic factors: Economic factors include inflation rates, interest rates, unemployment rates, etc. A detailed analysis of the country's economic situation is essential to estimate the demand for your product or service.Social trends: You must conduct extensive research on the country's social trends and consumer behavior patterns to create a successful marketing strategy.Technological trends .
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If the Fed s objective is to stimulate the economy, which of the following gives the correct sequence of events? a. The money supply decreases, interest rates increase, AD increases. b. The money supply increases, interest rates decrease, AS increases c. The money supply decreases, interest rates increase, AD decreases d. The money supply increases, interest rates decrease, AD increases
If the Fed's objective is to stimulate the economy, The money supply increases, interest rates decrease, AD increases. Option D is the correct answer.
The Fed and other central banks throughout the globe employ short-term interest rate manipulation as their primary instrument. This technique involves raising/lowering interest rates to moderate inflation and slow/boost economic growth. Option D is the correct answer.
The mechanisms are in fact simple. Interest rates can be lowered to make borrowing more accessible and saving less lucrative, which encourages consumers and corporations to spend. As a result, savings decline as interest rates decline, lending increases, and spending rises. Furthermore, when borrowing levels grow, so does the total amount of money in the economy. Thus, lowering interest rates has the advantageous side effect of lowering savings and raising the money supply, spending, and overall level of economic activity.
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Determine the present value of an ordinary annuity of $2,000 per year for 20 years, assuming it earns 16 percent. Assume that the first cash flow from the annuity comes at the end of year 7 and the final payment at the end of year 26. That is, no payments are made on the annuity at the end of years 1 through 6. Instead, annual payments are made at the end of years 7 through 26. The present value of the annuity today is :________
The present value of the annuity today is approximately $7,616.60, assuming an annual payment of $2,000 for 20 years at an interest rate of 16%, with the first payment occurring at the end of year 7 and the final payment at the end of year 26.
To determine the present value of the annuity, we need to calculate the present value of each cash flow and then sum them up.
Since the first cash flow occurs at the end of year 7 and the final payment is made at the end of year 26, we have a total of 20 periods.
Using the formula for the present value of an ordinary annuity, with an annual interest rate of 16% and a total of 20 periods, we can calculate the present value as follows:
PV = $2,000 * [(1 - (1 + 0.16)^(-20))/(0.16)] * (1/(1 + 0.16)^7)
Calculating this equation gives us:
PV ≈ $2,000 * 9.2925 * 0.4020
PV ≈ $7,616.60
Therefore, the present value of the annuity today is approximately $7,616.60, assuming an annual payment of $2,000 for 20 years at an interest rate of 16%, with the first payment occurring at the end of year 7 and the final payment at the end of year 26.
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FERRO INc, carries 12,000 items. During any particular week, FERRO INc'S customers (mostly retailers) order about 4,100 different CASES from the facility. On average, FERRO INc only satisfies all demand for 2,000 items. The in-stock probability is ___________ %.
The in-stock probability is 48.78 %.
In the given case, the in-stock probability is to be calculated. In this regard, it is given that FERRO INc carries 12,000 items. During any particular week, FERRO INc'S customers (mostly retailers) order about 4,100 different CASES from the facility.
On average, FERRO INc only satisfies all demand for 2,000 items.
Therefore, the in-stock probability can be calculated as follows:
In-stock probability = (Demand satisfied/Total Demand) × 100%
Where,
Demand satisfied = 2,000
Total Demand = 4,100
Calculate the in-stock probability
In-stock probability = (2,000/4,100) × 100%
= 48.78%
Therefore, the in-stock probability is 48.78%.
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If annual demand is 48,000 units, orders are placed in quantities of 2,000 units at a time, and the cost to place an order is $80, what is the annual ordering cost? Select one: O A. $3,840,000. B. $4,160. C. $160,000. O D. $1,920. O E. $80.
$1,920 is the annual ordering cost. The quantity of orders multiplied by the cost of each order equals an annual ordering cost. The fees spent to make and process an order to a supplier are known as ordering costs.
The economic order quantity for an inventory item takes these expenses into account. Here are some examples of ordering costs: The price of creating a purchase request. When selecting an investment choice, one tactic is to use the equivalent annual cost (EAC) technique.
The term "equivalent annual cost" describes the annual cost of ownership. It multiplies an asset's net present value by the annuity factor. Annual demand, holding costs, and order costs are the main components of a formula that determines the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ).
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The Record-a-Song Company has contracted with a rising star to record eight songs. The sizes in MB of the different songs are 8, 10, 8, 7, 9, 6, 7, and 12, respectively. Record-a- Song uses two CDs for the recording. Each CD has a capacity of 40 MB. The company would like to distribute the songs between the two CDs such that the used space on each CDs is about the same. Formulate the problem as an ILP, and find the optimum solution.
The ILP formulation helps determine the optimal distribution of songs between two CDs such that the used space on each CD is approximately the same. By solving the ILP, we can obtain the specific arrangement of songs on each CD that minimizes the difference in used space.
To formulate the problem as an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem, we can define the decision variables and constraints as follows:
Decision Variables:
Let X[i, j] be a binary variable, where X[i, j] = 1 if song i is placed on CD j, and X[i, j] = 0 otherwise.
Here, i represents the song index (1 to 8), and j represents the CD index (1 or 2).
Objective Function:
We want to minimize the difference between the used space on each CD. Thus, the objective function can be formulated as:
Minimize: |(Σ (size[i] * X[i, 1])) - (Σ (size[i] * X[i, 2]))|
Constraints:
Each song must be placed on exactly one CD:
Σ X[i, 1] = 1 for all i (each song is placed on CD 1)
Σ X[i, 2] = 1 for all i (each song is placed on CD 2)
The total size of songs on each CD must not exceed the CD's capacity:
Σ (size[i] * X[i, 1]) ≤ 40 (total size on CD 1)
Σ (size[i] * X[i, 2]) ≤ 40 (total size on CD 2)
Ensure the decision variables are binary:
X[i, j] ∈ {0, 1} for all i, j
Using this formulation, we can solve the ILP problem to find the optimum solution that minimizes the difference in used space between the two CDs while distributing the songs appropriately.
Note: To find the specific optimum solution, you would need to solve the ILP using an optimization solver or software that supports ILP solving. The solution would provide the values of the decision variables (X[i, j]) indicating which songs are placed on each CD.
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A project’s initial investment is $1 million, and the expected annual cash inflow starting one year after the initial investment is $95,000 in perpetuity. The opportunity cost of capital with all-equity financing is 10%, and the project allows the firm to borrow at 7%. The marginal tax rate is 35%. a. What is the base case NPV of the project with all-equity financing? b. What is the present value of tax shields if $400,000 of fixed, perpetual debt is used? c. What is the project’s value if $400,000 of fixed, perpetual debt is used?
a) the base case NPV of the project with all-equity financing will be -$50,000
b) the present value of tax shields if $400,000 of fixed, perpetual debt is used will be $98,000
c) the project's value if $400,000 of fixed, perpetual debt is used is $48,000.
a.The base case NPV of the project with all-equity financing is the amount of money generated by the project minus the initial investment in the project and is calculated using the following formula:
Base case NPV = Present value of cash inflows - Initial investment
PV of cash inflows = Annual cash inflow / Discount rate
Base case NPV = $95,000 / 0.10 - $1,000,000
Base case NPV = $950,000 - $1,000,000
Base case NPV = -$50,000
b. The present value of tax shields is the value of the future tax savings created by using debt to finance the project, and is calculated using the following formula:
Present value of tax shields = Tax shield per year / Discount rate
Tax shield per year = Interest expense per year x Marginal tax rate
Interest expense per year = Amount of debt x Interest rate
Present value of tax shields = ($400,000 x 0.07) x 0.35 / 0.10
Present value of tax shields = $98,000
c. The project's value if $400,000 of fixed, perpetual debt is used is calculated using the following formula:
Project value = Base case NPV + Present value of tax shields
Project value = -$50,000 + $98,000
Project value = $48,000
Therefore, the project's value if $400,000 of fixed, perpetual debt is used is $48,000.
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How does the FTC (Federal Trade Commission) determine if an add is deceptive?
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) determines whether an ad is deceptive or not by evaluating the ad from the viewpoint of a regular, sensible customer. The FTC's three-part test establishes if the ad has potentially misleading or fraudulent claims that can confuse or mislead consumers.
To be considered as fraudulent or misleading, the FTC does not require an advertisement to contain any obvious statements that are false or misleading. Deception can take several different forms, including the omission of material facts, making claims that can be technically accurate but highly deceptive, or conveying the impression that a product will work in a particular way when the manufacturer knows or should have known that it will not.Besides the FTC's legal definition of fraud, an ad is not necessarily deceptive just because it is exaggerated or makes a claim that is tough to validate. Ads that involve the use of puffery, or hyperbole, are not illegal, provided they are not misleading in any way.
In conclusion, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) determines whether an advertisement is deceptive or not by evaluating the ad from the perspective of a regular, sensible customer. The FTC's three-part test establishes if the ad has potentially misleading or fraudulent claims that can confuse or mislead consumers.
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uestion 14 4 points Save Answ On Dec. 31, 2020, ABC Corp issued 4-year, 7% bonds with $3,000,000 as par value. ABC Corp. received $3,360,000 in cash. The bond interest is paid semiannually on June 30
Cash is credited for the total interest payment, which is $120,000
To record the bond issuance by ABC Corp on December 31, 2020, and subsequent
1. interest payment on June 30, 2021, we need to consider the following:
Bond Issuance on December 31, 2020:
Date: December 31, 2020
Account Debit Credit
Cash $3,360,000
Bonds Payable $3,000,000
Premium on Bonds Payable $360,000
Cash is debited for the amount received from the bond issuance, which is $3,360,000.
Bonds Payable is credited for the par value of the bonds issued, which is $3,000,000.
Premium on Bonds Payable is credited for the difference between the cash received and the par value of the bonds. In this case, it is $3,360,000 - $3,000,000 = $360,000. This represents the premium received on the bonds.
2. Interest Payment on June 30, 2021:
Date: June 30, 2021
Account Debit Credit
Interest Expense $105,000
Premium on Bonds Payable $15,000
Cash $120,000
Interest Expense is debited for the semiannual interest payment, which is calculated as 7% of the par value ($3,000,000) divided by 2 (since interest is paid semiannually). Therefore, the interest payment is ($3,000,000 * 7% / 2) = $105,000.
However, since the interest payment is $105,000, the remaining amount ($105,000 - $45,000) = $60,000 is considered as interest expense.
Cash is credited for the total interest payment, which is $120,000 ($105,000 interest expense + $15,000 premium amortization).
Please note that these journal entries assume the use of the effective interest method for amortizing the premium on bonds payable. Additionally, subsequent interest payments will follow a similar pattern until the maturity of the bonds in 4 years.
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The balance in the Unrealized Gain or Loss—Equity account
will
appear in the stockholders' equity section of the balance
sheet.
appear on the income statement under Other Expenses and
Losses.
appear
The balance in the Unrealized Gain or Loss—Equity account appears in the stockholders' equity section of the balance sheet and not on the income statement.
The balance in the Unrealized Gain or Loss—Equity account represents the accumulated gains or losses resulting from changes in the fair value of certain assets or liabilities that are not yet realized through actual sales or settlements. This account is primarily associated with investments in securities, such as stocks or bonds, and derivative instruments.
On the balance sheet, the Unrealized Gain or Loss—Equity account will typically appear within the stockholders' Equity section. Stockholders' equity represents the ownership interest in a company and includes various components such as retained earnings, contributed capital, and accumulated other comprehensive income, which includes unrealized gains or losses.
It is important to note that unrealized gains or losses are not recognized in the income statement unless the assets or liabilities are sold or settled. Therefore, they do not appear as separate item under other expenses and losses on the income statement.
Instead, they are reflected in the balance sheet to provide a comprehensive view of the company's financial position. The balance in the Unrealized Gain or Loss—Equity account may fluctuate over time as the fair values of the underlying assets or liabilities change.
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a small mid-western mining company's cfo found an unintentional, but meaningful compliance violation in the company's 401(k) plan. which of the options below is the best course of action to take?
The best course of action would be for the CFO to report the compliance violation to the appropriate regulatory authorities and seek guidance from legal and compliance professionals to rectify the issue promptly and ensure future compliance. This ensures transparency, demonstrates good faith, and mitigates potential legal and financial risks for the company.
By reporting the compliance violation to regulatory authorities, the company demonstrates a commitment to transparency and compliance. It also helps to establish good faith, which may be taken into account in potential penalties or settlements. Seeking guidance from legal and compliance professionals ensures that the issue is addressed properly and efficiently. Rectifying the violation promptly minimizes potential legal and financial risks for the company, such as fines, penalties, and reputational damage. Overall, taking these steps helps maintain the company's integrity and protects the interests of the employees and stakeholders involved in the 401(k) plan.
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How do born globals differ from traditional multinational enterprises in their internationalization process and speed? Discuss your opinion and refer to appropriate theoretical perspectives.
Born globals and traditional multinational enterprises differ in their internationalization process and speed. Born globals are young firms that involve in foreign market entry as soon as possible, while the traditional multinational enterprises are established companies that engage in internationalization gradually over time.
Born globals move quickly to establish a global presence in order to capitalize on new business opportunities. They also depend on technological innovation, speed, and agility. Born globals employ market-seeking strategies as they search for profitable business opportunities in foreign markets. They aim to establish themselves as leading players in a new market. The traditional multinational enterprises, on the other hand, employ resource-based strategies, in which they focus on resource acquisition and expansion of existing operations into foreign markets. They are not focused on rapid global expansion, but rather on gradual internationalization.Moreover, traditional multinational enterprises have a relatively strong resource base in terms of financial, organizational, and technological resources, which they can leverage to enter new markets gradually. As a result, their internationalization process is gradual, slow and steady.
In conclusion, born globals and traditional multinational enterprises differ in their internationalization processes and speed. Born globals enter foreign markets quickly and aim to establish themselves as major players in the market as soon as possible, while traditional multinational enterprises tend to focus on resource acquisition and expansion of existing operations into foreign markets over time. Employing the appropriate theoretical perspective, firms can successfully enter foreign markets and gain competitive advantage over other firms in the market. A better understanding of the differences between born globals and traditional multinational enterprises is beneficial in creating more effective internationalization strategies.
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1.Which of the following sentences is correct?
a.Our manager will meet with Vice President Alvarez.
b.Our manager will meet with vice President Alvarez.
c.Our manager will meet with vice president Alvarez.
The correct sentence is: "Our manager will meet with Vice President Alvarez."
In this sentence, the title "Vice President" is capitalized because it is a specific title and part of the individual's name. In formal writing, titles are typically capitalized when they directly precede a person's name. Therefore, "Vice President" should be capitalized as it is used as part of Vice President Alvarez's name.
Option a is the correct choice because it adheres to the standard rules of capitalization. Option b incorrectly capitalizes the common noun "vice" and option c incorrectly capitalizes the common noun "president."
It is important to use proper capitalization to maintain clarity and adhere to grammatical conventions. Correct capitalization helps readers identify names, titles, and specific nouns, ensuring accurate communication.
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A small open economy has the following parameters: C 250+0.25 (Y-1), 1=50₂ 30r Real money supply Y-400r, Government spending is 500, money supply is 2520, price is 6, and the government is with equal budget. a) Find the equilibrium interest rate and level of income. (Sp) b) Draw IS and LM curves. (Sp) level of income? What is the tax multiplier? (Assume the money supply is held constant) c) If government increases taxes by 70 percent, what are the new equilibrium interest rate and (10p) Answer:
In the small open economy, the equilibrium interest rate is around -3.47, and the level of income is approximately 1133.
To find the equilibrium interest rate (r) and level of income (Y) in a small open economy, we can use the given parameters and the goods market equilibrium condition, which states that total spending (Y) must equal total output (Y).
Given the consumption function C = 250 + 0.25(Y-1), investment (I) = 50, government spending (G) = 500, and real money supply (M/P) = Y - 400r, where M is the money supply and P is the price level, we can set up the equation for the goods market equilibrium as follows:
Y = C + I + G
Substituting the given functions, we have:
Y = (250 + 0.25(Y-1)) + 50 + 500
Simplifying the equation, we get:
Y = 800 + 0.25Y - 0.25 + 50
Combining like terms, we have:
0.75Y = 849.75
Dividing both sides by 0.75, we find:
Y ≈ 1133
Next, to find the equilibrium interest rate (r), we can use the money market equilibrium condition, which states that the real money supply (M/P) must equal the demand for real money. In this case, the real money supply is given as 2520 and the price level (P) is 6. Substituting these values into the equation, we have:
2520 = Y - 400r
Plugging in the value of Y we found earlier, we get:
2520 = 1133 - 400r
Simplifying the equation, we find:
400r = 1133 - 2520
Combining like terms, we have:
400r ≈ -1387
Dividing both sides by 400, we find:
r ≈ -3.47
Therefore, the equilibrium interest rate is approximately -3.47 and the level of income is approximately 1133 in this small open economy.
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The inventory of Royal Decking consisted of five products. Information about the December 31, 2021, inventory is as follows: Per Unit Product Cost Replacement Cost Selling Price $ 55 $ 50 $ 75 95 85 115 55 70 95 115 85- 35 43 145 45 Selling costs consist of a sales commission equal to 10% of selling price and shipping costs equal to 5% of cost. The normal profit is 30% of selling price. Required: What unit value should Royal Decking use for each of its products when applying the lower of cost or market (LCM) rule to units of ending inventory? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round final answers to 2 decimal places.) Product Cost Replacement cost NRV NRV - NP Market Per Unit Inventory Value A $ 50 85 70 85 43 AACDE B ABC D E in in in i in 55 $ 95 55 115 35
The inventory value of Royal Decking products is calculated by using the Lower of Cost or Market (LCM) rule to units of ending inventory. The market value of the inventory is the minimum of replacement cost or net realizable value. The normal profit is 30% of selling price.
The selling costs consist of sales commission equal to 10% of selling price and shipping costs equal to 5% of cost.The following table shows the calculation for the unit value of each product for Royal Decking:ProductCostReplacement costNRVNRV-NPMarket per UnitInventory ValueABC55$95$55$115$35145$43D$85$35$85$100$3570$50E$115$43$105$62$4375$43Thus, Royal Decking should use the following unit value for each product when applying the Lower of Cost or Market (LCM) rule to units of ending inventory: ProductA B C D EUnit Value$145 $55 $70 $35 $43
Therefore, the unit value of Royal Decking for each product when applying the Lower of Cost or Market (LCM) rule to units of ending inventory are $145 for product A, $55 for product B, $70 for product C, $35 for product D, and $43 for product E.
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Which of the following was a consequence of Presidential Reconstruction?
A. Former slaves were granted full rights of citizenship in the Constitution of 1866.
B. The Texas Legislature was dominated by a faction known as the "Radical Republicans" who were able to create a legislative agenda that would set the framework for the next 100 years of policy in the state.
C. Since many of the people writing the Constitution of 1866 were former secessionists, this document still reflected many of the same values of the Constitution of 1861, such as denying freed slaves the right to vote or the ability to hold public office.
D. Former Confederates were disenfranchised and prevented from voting for a specified period of time.
A consequence of Presidential Reconstruction was D) Former Confederates were disenfranchised and prevented from voting for a specified period of time
Presidential Reconstruction - Presidential Reconstruction refers to a period of U.S. history after the Civil War in which the federal government attempted to reunify the country under President Abraham Lincoln and his successor, Andrew Johnson.
Johnson issued pardons to most former Confederates and, in an effort to undermine the Republican Party's power, vetoed civil rights legislation aimed at assisting formerly enslaved people and vetoed the Freedmen's Bureau, which had been established to aid freed slaves.
As a result of Johnson's leniency toward white Southerners, Southern state governments began enacting "black codes," which restricted the rights and freedoms of African Americans.
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Consider the following information: Rate of Return if State Occurs Probability of State- of Economy State of Economy Stock A Stock B Stock C Boom .20 .38 .48 28 Good .50 14 19 12 Poor .20 -.05 -.08 -.
The question regarding the information given above is that given that the state of economy occurs, there will be a corresponding rate of return for stock A, stock B, and stock C. Also, there will be different probabilities of the state of the economy happening.
In addition, Stock A is a more profitable investment as it provides the highest rate of return all the three states of the economy. On the other hand, stock B offers a better return than stock C but is less profitable than stock A.The probability of the state of the economy occurring is 0.20 for the boom state, 0.50 for the good state, and 0.20 for the poor state. When considering the rate of return for the three stocks, Stock A has a rate of return of 0.38 for the boom state, 0.14 for the good state, and -0.05 for the poor state. Stock B, on the other hand, has a rate of return of 0.48 for the boom state, 0.19 for the good state, and -0.08 for the poor state. Lastly, Stock C has no rate of return for the poor state.
A conclusion can be drawn from the above information that the state of the economy has an effect on the profitability of stocks. This makes it important to consider the state of the economy when choosing a stock to invest in.
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which one is the right answer?
Padma purchased a zero coupon bond with a par value of $5,000 and 8 years remaining before it reached maturity. The current market interest rate is 6%. What was the amount that Padma paid for the bond
The amount that Padma paid for the bond was approximately $3,511.68.
To calculate the amount Padma paid for the zero coupon bond, we can use the present value formula. The formula for the present value of a zero coupon bond is:
Present Value = Face Value / (1 + Interest Rate)ⁿ
Where:
Face Value = $5,000 (par value of the bond)
Interest Rate = 6% (expressed as a decimal, 0.06)
n = 8 years (remaining time to maturity)
Substituting these values into the formula:
Present Value = $5,000 / (1 + 0.06)⁸
Calculating the present value:
Present Value = $5,000 / (1.06)⁸
Present Value ≈ $3,511.68
Therefore, the amount that Padma paid for the bond was approximately $3,511.68.
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describe how net profit of a business is calculated?
Answer:
u must work out the total cost and variable cost and add them up, then you must count all your sales and figure out ur revenue. then u do ur total revenue minus ur total costs
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The formula to calculate profit is: Total Revenue - Total Expenses = Profit. Profit is determined by subtracting direct and indirect costs from all sales earned. Direct costs can include purchases like materials and staff wages. Indirect costs are also called overhead costs, like rent and utilities.
For businesses, profit is often calculated by profit margin formula:follow me nice business
a realized gain on the sale or exchange of a personal use asset is recognized, but a realized loss on the sale, exchange, or condemnation of a personal use asset is not recognized.
true or false
The statement '' Realized gains on the sale or exchange of assets for personal use are recognized, but realized losses on the sale, exchange or realization of assets for personal use are not recognized.'' is false because this gain or loss is generally recognized and may have tax implications depending on certain circumstances.
Realized gains and losses on the sale or exchange of assets for personal use are recognized for tax purposes. When an asset for personal use, such as a car or home, is sold or exchanged, the difference between the amount received at the sale and the asset's adjusted basis is considered a realized gain or loss.
It is important to note that the tax treatment of realized gains or losses on assets held for personal use may vary depending on factors such as holding period and applicable tax laws. We recommend that you consult your tax advisor to understand the specific tax implications in your country.
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Discuss how a new brand manufacturer would go about defining their market segments and then begin to target them. (AACSB: Communication; Reflective Thinking)
When a new brand manufacturer is starting up, one of the first and most important things they need to do is to define their market segments. A market segment is a group of consumers with shared needs or characteristics, and it is important for a new brand manufacturer to identify these segments in order to create targeted marketing strategies that will reach their intended audience.
There are several steps that a new brand manufacturer can take to define their market segments. The first step is to conduct market research to identify the needs and preferences of different consumer groups. This research can be done through surveys, focus groups, or other forms of market research. Next, the new brand manufacturer needs to analyze the data they have collected to identify patterns and trends in consumer behavior.
This will help them to identify the different segments of the market that they want to target, and to develop marketing strategies that will be most effective for each segment. The next step is to create a marketing plan that targets each segment of the market. This plan should include a clear description of each segment, as well as specific marketing strategies that will be used to reach each segment. For example, if the new brand manufacturer is targeting a younger demographic, they may want to focus on social media marketing and influencer partnerships, while if they are targeting an older demographic, they may want to focus on print advertisements and traditional media.
Finally, the new brand manufacturer needs to execute their marketing plan and monitor the results to determine which strategies are working best for each segment. By continuously refining their marketing strategies based on consumer feedback and market trends, a new brand manufacturer can effectively target their market segments and build a strong customer base.
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