The following contingency table gives the results of a sample survey of South African male and female respondents with regard to their preferred fastfood outlet: PREFERRED FAST FOOD OUTLET Burger King McDonalds TOTAL 50 No. of Males No. of Females 20 130 100 120 TOTAL 270 150 110 140 400 0.1.1.1 What is the probablyf randomly selecting a respondent who is male and prefer Burger 01.12 What is the probably selecting a female respondent, even that the preferred fastfood out? 0.1.1.3 What is the probability of selecting a respondent who is female or who prefers McDonalds? 12) (2) Events X and Yare such that PC) = 0.20 and PCXUY) = 0.55. Given that Xand Yare independent and non-mutually taclusive, determine P(Y). Give your final answer as a percentage to two decimal places (5) 13 (2) 2.1.3.1 Helen is the manager of a Finance Department. She has fifteen (15) members of stuff working for her. She has to choose five (5) members of her staff for a research team. How many different teams can she select from the fifteen members of staff 2.1.22 There are twelve (12) teams in a basketball league. What is the probability of correctly predicting the top three teams at the end of the 3) season in the correct order?

Answers

Answer 1

Q1.1.1 The probability of randomly selecting a male respondent from the sample is 0.4. Q.1.1.2 The probability of randomly selecting a respondent who is female and prefers HP is 0.275. Q.1.1.3 The probability of selecting a male respondent, given that the preferred brand is Lenovo is 0.4545. Q.1.1.4 The probability of selecting a respondent who is male or who prefers HP is 0.575. Q.1.1.5 The probability of selecting a respondent who does not prefer Lenovo is 0.725.

Q.1.1.1 What is the probability of randomly selecting a male respondent from the sample?

The probability of randomly selecting a male respondent is given by the number of male respondents divided by the total number of respondents:

Probability = No. of Males / Total = 160 / 400 = 0.4

Q.1.1.2 What is the probability of randomly selecting a respondent who is female and prefers HP?

The probability of randomly selecting a respondent who is female and prefers HP is given by the number of females who prefer HP divided by the total number of respondents:

Probability = No. of Females who prefer HP / Total = 110 / 400 = 0.275

Q.1.1.3 What is the probability of selecting a male respondent, given that the preferred brand is Lenovo?

The probability of selecting a male respondent, given that the preferred brand is Lenovo, is given by the number of males who prefer Lenovo divided by the total number of respondents who prefer Lenovo:

Probability = No. of Males who prefer Lenovo / Total No. of respondents who prefer Lenovo = 50 / 110 = 0.4545

Q.1.1.4 What is the probability of selecting a respondent who is male or who prefers HP?

The probability of selecting a respondent who is male or who prefers HP is given by the sum of the probabilities of selecting a male respondent and selecting a respondent who prefers HP, minus the probability of selecting both (to avoid double counting):

Probability = (No. of Males / Total) + (No. of Females who prefer HP / Total) - (No. of Males who prefer HP / Total)

Probability = (160 / 400) + (110 / 400) - (40 / 400) = 0.4 + 0.275 - 0.1 = 0.575

Q.1.1.5 What is the probability of selecting a respondent who does not prefer Lenovo?

The probability of selecting a respondent who does not prefer Lenovo is given by the number of respondents who do not prefer Lenovo divided by the total number of respondents:

Probability = (Total - No. of respondents who prefer Lenovo) / Total

Probability = (400 - 110) / 400 = 290 / 400 = 0.725

The complete question is:

The following contingency table gives the results of a sample survey of South African male and female respondents with regard to their preferred brand of notebook:

                              HP  Lenovo  Dell  Total

No. of Females        110    60   70    240

No. of Males             40    50   70    160

Total                        150    110  140    400

Q.1.1.1 What is the probability of randomly selecting a male respondent from the sample?

Q.1.1.2 What is the probability of randomly selecting a respondent who is female and prefers HP?

Q.1.1.3 What is the probability of selecting a male respondent, given that the preferred brand is Lenovo?

Q.1.1.4 What is the probability of selecting a respondent who is male or who prefers HP?

Q.1.1.5 What is the probability of selecting a respondent who does not prefer Lenovo?

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Related Questions

how do you get the value of x7+8x+3-1+7

Answers

Answer:

first add the numbers that have the same variable s x7+8x=15x

then the numbers first add and then you subtract

1+7=8

3-8= -5

15x-5

Answer:

8x+x7+9

Step-by-step explanation:

subtracted one term from another

subtracted 1 from 3 to get 2

x7=+8x+2+7

add two terms together

add 2 and 7 toget 9

x7+8x+9

-2021
English
g
p
Which angles are corresponding angles? Select all that
apply.
o 21 and 23
5
3
7
6
4
8
26 and 28
22 and 28
25 and 27
22 and 27
23 and 26

Answers

Answer:

I'm not too sure what you mean but since there was no image I tried to look up how to tell if angles are corresponding based on angle degree and the most I got was the angles will be equal but only if there is a transversal cur but none of the answers equal each other

Step-by-step explanation:

so what advice I can give you is corresponding angles are usually the same degree but on a different level. like on the first parallel line there is an angle and on the second (or whatever) there is another angle (on the same side of the first) -meaning they will both be on the right or the left- and yeah there you go

if you have any questions comment and I'll try my best to help

Show that if U is open in X, and A is closed in X, then UA is open in X, and A\U is closed in X.

Answers

The intersection of N(x) and N'(x), denoted by N(x)∩N'(x), is an open neighborhood of x. Since N(x)∩N'(x) ⊆ N(x) ⊆ U and N(x)∩N'(x) ⊆ N'(x) ⊆ X\U, we can conclude that N(x)∩N'(x) ⊆ UA.

Since N(x)∩A is a non-empty set contained in A\U, we have shown that every point in (A\U)' has a neighborhood contained in A\U. Therefore, (A\U)' is open in X, which implies that A\U is closed in X.

To show that if U is open in X and A is closed in X, then UA is open in X and A\U is closed in X, we need to prove two statements:

UA is open in X.A\U is closed in X.

Let's prove these statements one by one:

To show that UA is open in X, we need to prove that for every point x in UA, there exists an open neighborhood around x that is completely contained within UA.

Let x be an arbitrary point in UA. Since x is in UA, it must belong to U as well as A. Since U is open in X, there exists an open neighborhood N(x) of x that is completely contained within U. Now, since x is in A, it is also in X\U (complement of U in X). As A is closed in X, X\U is closed in X, which means its complement, U, is open in X. Therefore, there exists an open neighborhood N'(x) of x that is completely contained within X\U.

Now, consider the intersection of N(x) and N'(x), denoted by N(x)∩N'(x). This intersection is an open neighborhood of x. Since N(x)∩N'(x) ⊆ N(x) ⊆ U and N(x)∩N'(x) ⊆ N'(x) ⊆ X\U, we can conclude that N(x)∩N'(x) ⊆ UA.

Since N(x)∩N'(x) is an open neighborhood of x completely contained within UA, we have shown that UA is open in X.

To show that A\U is closed in X, we need to prove that its complement, (A\U)', is open in X.

Let x be an arbitrary point in (A\U)'. Since x is not in A\U, it means that x must either be in A or in U (or both). If x is in A, then x is not in A\U. Therefore, x is in U.

Since x is in U and U is open in X, there exists an open neighborhood N(x) of x that is completely contained within U. Now, consider the intersection of N(x) and A. Since x is in A, N(x)∩A is a non-empty set. Let y be any point in N(x)∩A.

We know that N(x)∩A ⊆ U∩A ⊆ A\U, because if y was in U, it would contradict the assumption that y is in A. Therefore, N(x)∩A is a subset of A\U.

Since N(x)∩A is a non-empty set contained in A\U, we have shown that every point in (A\U)' has a neighborhood contained in A\U. Therefore, (A\U)' is open in X, which implies that A\U is closed in X.

Hence, we have shown that if U is open in X and A is closed in X, then UA is open in X, and A\U is closed in X.

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Solve the following initial value problem. cos2x sin x dy + (cos?x)y = 5, 7(7/3) = 4 dx

Answers

The solution to the given initial value problem [tex]cos2x sin x dy + (cos?x)y = 5, 7(7/3) = 4 dx[/tex]  is [tex]y(x) = (5/6) * (cos^2(x) - 1) + (28/9) * sin(x) + (40/9) * cos(x)[/tex].

To solve the initial value problem, we can use the method of integrating factors. The integrating factor is found by taking the exponential of the integral of the coefficient of y with respect to x. In this case, the coefficient is cos(x). So, the integrating factor is [tex]e^(^\int ^{ cos(x)} \, ^d^x^) = e^s^i^n^(^x^))[/tex].

Multiplying the given differential equation by the integrating factor, we obtain:

[tex]e^{sin(x)} * [cos^{2x} sin(x) dy + cos(x) y] = 5e^{sin(x)} dx[/tex]

By using the product rule and simplifying, we have:

[tex]d/dx [e^{sin(x)} * y * cos^{2x}] = 5e^{sin(x)}[/tex]

Integrating both sides with respect to x, we get:

[tex]e^{sin(x)} * y * cos^{2(x)} = \int {5e^{sin(x)}} \, dx = 5e^{sin(x)} + C,[/tex]

where C is the constant of integration.

Simplifying and solving for y, we obtain:

[tex]y(x) = [(5/6) * (cos^{2x} - 1) + (28/9) * sin(x) + (40/9) * cos(x)] / (e^{sin(x)} * cos^{2(x)} + Ce^{-sin(x)},[/tex]

where C is the constant of integration.

To find the value of C, we can use the initial condition y(7/3) = 4. Substituting this into the equation and solving for C, we can determine the specific solution.

In conclusion, the solution to the given initial value problem is [tex]y(x) = (5/6) * (cos^{2x} - 1) + (28/9) * sin(x) + (40/9) * cos(x)[/tex], subject to the specified initial condition.

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Find x.
30
20
Need help with this question asap

Answers

Cos=adjacent/hypotenuse
Cos30=x/20
x=cos30 *20

Sorry I don’t have a calculator right now

Answer:

x = 10[tex]\sqrt{3}[/tex]

Step-by-step explanation:

Using the cosine ratio in the right triangle and the exact value

cos30° = [tex]\frac{\sqrt{3} }{2}[/tex] , then

cos30° = [tex]\frac{adjacent}{hypotenuse}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{x}{20}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{\sqrt{3} }{2}[/tex] ( cross- multiply )

2x = 20[tex]\sqrt{3}[/tex] ( divide both sides by 2 )

x = 10[tex]\sqrt{3}[/tex]

If the cumulative distribution of a random variable X is given as: (7) 4 2 0 X FIX) 5 72-51 12 then K= (A) WIM. (B) 3 (C) 12 1 (D) 6 K+ (E)

Answers

The value of K is given as follows:

K = 1/12.

How to obtain the value of K?

A probability is calculated as the division of the number of desired outcomes by the number of total outcomes.

For a distribution, we have that the sum of all the probabilities in the distribution must be of 1.

This means that the cumulative distribution at the least value is of 1, hence the equation is given as follows:

17/12 - 5K = 1

Then the value of K is obtained as follows:

5K = 17/12 - 1

5K = 17/12 - 12/12

5K = 5/12

K = 1/12.

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An engine additive is being tested to see whether it can effectively increase gas mileage for a number of vehicles. Twenty assorted vehicles had their gas mileage, in miles per gallon, measured. Then, the engine additive was placed into each of the engines, and the gas mileage was measured again. Let

Answers

The calculated t-value is greater than 1.734, we reject the null hypothesis; otherwise, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

An engine additive is being tested to see whether it can effectively increase gas mileage for a number of vehicles. Twenty assorted vehicles had their gas mileage, in miles per gallon, measured. Then, the engine additive was placed into each of the engines, and the gas mileage was measured again. Let µd be the true mean difference in the gas mileage before and after the engine additive is placed into the engines. We want to test the hypothesis that the engine additive has no effect. The null hypothesis is: H0: µd = 0The alternative hypothesis is: Ha: µd > 0 (one-tailed test)Assuming that the difference in gas mileage before and after the engine additive is approximately normally distributed, we can use a one-sample t-test. The test statistic is given by: $$t=\frac{\bar{x}-\mu}{s/\sqrt{n}}$$Where, $\bar{x}$ is the sample mean difference in gas mileage, μ is the hypothesized population mean difference, s is the sample standard deviation of the differences, and n is the sample size. We can use a significance level of α = 0.05.To determine the critical value of the t-distribution, we need to find the degrees of freedom (df). Since we have a sample size of n = 20, we have n - 1 = 19 degrees of freedom. Using a t-distribution table with 19 degrees of freedom and a significance level of 0.05 for a one-tailed test, we get a critical value of t = 1.734. If the calculated t-value is greater than 1.734, we reject the null hypothesis; otherwise, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

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Hello! I was wondering can anyone help me?

Answers

Answer:

$86.94

Step-by-step explanation:

All we need to do is subtract his weekly play from his pay after taxes and his other taxes.

   $625

   $499.61

_ $38.45

____________

   $86.94

Have a nice day, fam. Spread The Love.

THIS WILL HELP A LOT OF PPL PLZ HLP!!!!!!
Determine the interval where the graph of the function is negative.

ANSWER CHOICES AND GRAPH IN IMAGES

Answers

Answer:

If I'm correct I think its answer B

Step-by-step explanation:

I'm not sure but i hope this help

Answer:

second option

-∞ < x < 1

Step-by-step explanation:

Please help me I need to answer this question

Answers

Answer:

.........

it is -7

What is the product of the binomials below?
(3x + 6)(4x+2)
A. 7x2 +30x+12
B. 12x2 + 30x + 12
C. 7x2 + 30x + 8
D. 12x2 + 30x+8
SUM
PREVIOUS

Answers

Answer:

12x^2 + 30x+12    

Step-by-step explanation:

3x+6) (4x+2)

3x          6

12x^2       24x              4x

6x           12                   2

use a punnet square type deal here.

12x^2 + 24x + 6x + 12

12x^2 + 30x+12    

And so your answer should be: 12x^2 + 30x+12  

In a recent tennis​ tournament, women playing singles matches used challenges on 133 calls made by the line judges. Among those​ challenges, 35 were found to be successful with the call overturned.
a. Construct a 99​% confidence interval for the percentage of successful challenges.
b. Compare the results from part​ (a) to this 99​% confidence interval for the percentage of successful challenges made by the men playing singles​ matches: 21.7​%

a. Construct a
99​%
confidence interval.
%

​ (Round to one decimal place as​ needed.)
Part 2
A. No conclusion can be made because not enough information is given about the confidence interval for men.
B.The lower confidence limit of the interval for men is higher than the lower confidence limit of the interval for women and the upper confidence limit of the interval for men is also higher than the upper confidence limit of the interval for women.​ Therefore, men appear to be substantially more successful in their challenges.
C. Since the two confidence intervals​ overlap, neither gender appears to be substantially more successful in their challenges.
D. Since the upper confidence limit of the interval for women is higher than both the lower and upper confidence limits of the interval for​ men, this indicates that women appear to be substantially more successful in their challenges.
E. The lower confidence limit of the interval for women is higher than the lower confidence limit of the interval for men and the upper confidence limit of the interval for women is also higher than the upper confidence limit of the interval for men.​ Therefore, women appear to be substantially more successful in their challenges.
F. Since the upper confidence limit of the interval for men is higher than both the lower and upper confidence limits of the interval for​ women, this indicates that men appear to be substantially more successful in their challenges.

Answers

Required correct option is Since the two confidence intervals overlap, neither gender appears to be substantially more successful in their challenges.

a) In order to find the 99% confidence interval for the percentage of successful challenges, the formula is given below: Lower limit of CI: upper limit of CI: The confidence interval for the percentage of successful challenges is (19.68%, 34.97%).b) In part (a), we found the confidence interval for the percentage of successful challenges among women playing singles matches. 99% confidence interval for the percentage of successful challenges made by the men playing singles matches is 21.7%± 4.93%.Here, the two confidence intervals overlap, therefore, neither gender appears to be substantially more successful in their challenges.Therefore, option (C) is the correct answer.

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PLEASE HELP FAST!!!!! I’ll mark brainliest

Answers

C is the right answer

{67, 68, 68, 71, 73, 73, 73, 74, 74, 74, 74, 75, 75, 77, 78, 79, 79, 80, 80}
What is the mean of the data?
1,412
862
79
74

Answers

Answer:

the answer is 1,412

Step-by-step explanation:

all you do is add all the numbers together

Based on the following new information. Given it is raining, what is the what is the probability of Sunshine delight winning ?
Storm Chaser Sunshine delight
Given Raining 0.79 Given not raining 0.64
Based on the following information collected from emails. What is the probability that if the word "llwws" is in a document, it is spam ?
Spam Not spam
Word "aabbdd" 0.71 Word "llwws" 0.5
ROUND TO 2 DECIMAL PLACES

Answers

The probability of Sunshine Delight winning given that it is raining is approximately 0.79. The probability that a document is spam if it contains the word "llwws" is approximately 0.50.

In the case of Sunshine Delight winning, given that it is raining, the probability is directly provided as 0.79.

For the probability of a document being spam if it contains the word "llwws," the information shows that the probability of the word "llwws" appearing in a spam document is 0.50. However, without further information about the overall prevalence of spam and non-spam documents, we cannot directly determine the probability that a document containing "llwws" is spam. Additional context about the overall occurrence of spam and non-spam documents is required to calculate the requested probability.

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(15 points !!!) What is the measure of
A. 25°
B. 75°
C. 90°
D. 105°

Answers

Answer:

D. 105°

Step-by-step explanation:

Which of the expressions below is equal to 8x+4? Select all that apply

Answers

Answer:

C and D.

Step-by-step explanation:

For C, 4 * 2x = 8x and 4*1 = 4.

For D, 5x+3x = 8x and 2+2 = 4.

Answer:

A)  8( x + 2 ) is the only equal expression.

What correction does Petri need to make? BRAINLIEST I WILL CROWN

Answers

You need to subtract 5-3 first because of PEMDAS petri did it wrong because she did 5 to the power of 2 and 2 to the power of 2 instead of actually subtracting 5-3. So the answer is the last option:)

2.1. let a be the event that 2 consecutive flips both yield heads and let b be the event that the first or last flip yields tails. prove or disprove that events a and b are independent.

Answers

The events A and B are not independent. The occurrence of event B affects the probability of event A.

To determine whether events A and B are independent,

we need to check if the probability of event A occurring is affected by the occurrence of event B, and vice versa.

Probability of event A: Since we are flipping two coins,

the probability of getting heads on each flip is 1/2.

Therefore, the probability of getting two consecutive heads is

[tex](1/2) \times (1/2) = 1/4[/tex]

Probability of event B: The first or last flip yielding tails means there are two possibilities:

either the first flip is tails and the second flip is any outcome,

or the first flip is any outcome and the second flip is tails.

Each of these individual possibilities has a probability of

[tex](1/2) \times (1/2) = 1/4[/tex]

Hence, theprobability of event B is 1/4 + 1/4 = 1/2.

Since the probability of event A is 1/4 and the probability of event B is 1/2, and 1/4 ≠ 1/2,

we can conclude that events A and B are not independent.

The occurrence of event B (first or last flip yielding tails) affects the probability of event A (two consecutive flips yielding heads).

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A spinner has 10 congruent sections labeled with colors as shown. If the spinner is spun twice, what is the probability that the first spin will land on

yellow and the second spin will land on green?

Answers

The congruent 10 - labeled color spinner isn't attached and could not be found.

However, we could solve the problem hypothetically.

Answer:

Kindly check explanation

Step-by-step explanation:

The events here are independent events :

Probability = required outcome / Total possible outcomes

Total possible outcomes = number of divisions on spinner = 10

Required outcome = number of specified color

Therefore, Probability that first spin lands on yellow :

Number of yellow divisions on spinner / total number of divisions

Let number of yellow divisions = 3

Therefore. Probability that first spin lands in yellow = 3 / 10

Probability that second spin lands on green :

Number of green divisions on spinner / total number of divisions

Let number of green divisions = 2

Therefore. Probability that first spin lands on green = 2 / 10

P(first) * P(second)

3/10 * 2/10 = 3/10 * 1/5 = 3/50

Recall ; this is an hypothetical situation and not the original problem.

The probability that the first spin will land on yellow and the second spin will land on green is; 2/5

Conditional Probability Problem

The spinner is missing but from online search, it is discovered that from the 10 congruent sections labeled, the colors are as follows;

Yellow - 2 sections

Green - 2 sections

Red - 3 sections

Blue - 3 sections

Thus, probability of getting yellow on first spin is;

P(yellow on first spin) = 2/10

Probability of getting green on second spin is;

P(green on second spin) = 2/10

Thus, probability that the first spin will land on yellow and the second spin will land on green is;

P(1st on yellow and 2nd on green) = 2/10 + 2/10

P(1st on yellow and 2nd on green) = 2/5

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pls help immediately!!! i’ll be giving brainiest to those who provide the write answer and who don’t leave a link!

Answers

Answer:

trapazoid

Step-by-step explanation:

.....

i believe it would be trapezoid :)

who are these bots giving us links i’m literally gonna fail now

Answers

Answer:

Fr. It’s annoying. My mom yells at me for not passing lolz.

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

Ignore them and re-upload the questions. The links are very bad.

Step-by-step explanation:

Find the distance between the points (7,

9) and (

2,

4).

Answers

Answer:

7.07106781187

Step-by-step explanation:

Let us use the  distance formula:

[tex]d = \sqrt{(x_2 - x_1)^2 + (y_2-y_1)^2}[/tex]

x2=2

x1=7

y2=4

y1=9

[tex]d = \sqrt{(2 - 7)^{2} + (4-9)^2}[/tex]

[tex]d = \sqrt{(-5)^2 + (-5)^2}[/tex]

[tex]d = \sqrt{25 + 25}[/tex]

[tex]d = \sqrt{50}[/tex]

d=7.07106781187 (round to whatever digit neccesary)

Hope this helps!!

Write a quadratic equation in standard form with [tex]\frac{3}{4}[/tex] an -5 as its roots

Answers

Knowing the roots first write the equation in factored form:

(X - 3/4)(x +5) = 0

Now use the FOIL method ( multiply each term in one set of parentheses by each term the other set:

X•x + x•5 -3/4•x -3/4•5

Simplify:

X^2 + 5x -3/4x -3 3/4

Combine like terms:

X^2+ 4 1/4x - 3 3/4

6 STUP1D QUESTIONS FOR 100 POINTS

1. Why do British people never sound British when they sing?

2. Why do they call it 'head over heels in love if our head is always over our heels?

3. Can a hearse driver drive a corpse in the carpool lane?

4. Why is the name of the phobia for the fear of long words Hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia?

5. If someone can't see, they're blind and if someone can't hear, they're deaf, so what do you call people who can't smell?

6. How do they get those boats in those glass bottles?

Answers

How do they get the cream inside of twinkies

If Erwin makes $23,440 a year, what does
he make each month?

Answers

Answer: 1,953

Step-by-step explanation:

23,440 divided by 12

PLEASE HELP ASAP
Find the surface area and volume of the figure below:

Answers

Answer:

What I think it might be is 62.3

I will mark branlist if you give a full explanation

Answers

The solids are not similar. The proportions of the dimensions of each cone are not equal to each other.

A consumer's utility is described by U(x, y) = xy. Marginal utilities then are described as MUX = y and MUy=x. Suppose the price of x is 1 and the price of y is 2. Consumer's income is 40. Then price of y falls to 1. When graphing, make sure to put x on the horizontal axis, and y on the vertical axis.
(a) Calculate the optimal consumption choice before the price change. Illustrate that choice on a graph. Label that choice A
(b) Calculate the optimal consumption choice the consumer would buy at the new price of y, if they wanted to get the same amount of utility as before the price change. Mustrate that choice on the same graph. Label that choice B
(c) What is the substitution effect of the price change? Illustrate on the graph.
(d) What is the optimal consumption choice after the price change? Illustrate on the graph and label that choice C (e) What is the income effect of the price change? Illustrate on the graph.

Answers

Before the price change, the optimal consumption choice (A) is determined by equalizing the marginal utilities of x and y.

Using the utility function U(x, y) = xy, and considering prices of Px = 1 and Py = 2, along with an income of 40, we find that the utility equalization condition leads to y = x/2.

With the budget constraint of x + 2y = 40, we solve for x = 20 and y = 10, giving the optimal consumption choice (20, 10) labeled as point A on the graph.

After the price change, with the price of y falling to 1, the consumer aims to maintain the same utility level. Setting MUX/Px = MUY/Py, we find x = y, and using the budget constraint x + y = 40, we get x = y = 20, resulting in the optimal consumption choice (20, 20) labeled as point B.

The substitution effect is illustrated by a movement from A to B along the budget constraint. The new optimal consumption choice (C) after the price change is determined by the new budget constraint x + y = 40, where x = 30 and y = 10, labeled as point C on the graph.

The income effect is depicted by the parallel shift of the budget constraint line outward from the origin.

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(a) Suppose there are two classes into which we can classify a new value of the item. The probability that a classifier correctly allocates a new object is p = 0.7, and therefore 0.3 is the probability of making an error. To improve the classification accuracy, several independent classifiers may be used to classify the new value.
(i) Suppose there are three classifiers used to allocate a new object. If a majority deci- sion is made, what is the probability that the new object will be correctly classified?
(ii) By increasing the number of classifiers, the classification accuracy can be further improved. Use R to calculate the probabilities of correct classifications when the number of classifiers are 3,5,7,..., 29 (odd numbers from 3 to 29). Graph these probabilities.

Answers

(i)  When using three classifiers with a majority decision, the probability of correctly classifying the new object is 0.973.

(ii) The probability of correct classification increases as the number of classifiers increases

How to calculate the probability

(i) All three classifiers make the correct classification: p * p * p = 0.7 * 0.7 * 0.7 = 0.343.

Two classifiers make the correct classification and one classifier makes an error:

(p * p * q) + (p * q * p) + (q * p * p) = 3 * (0.7 * 0.7 * 0.3) = 0.441.

One classifier makes the correct classification and two classifiers make errors:

(p * q * q) + (q * p * q) + (q * q * p) = 3 * (0.7 * 0.3 * 0.3)

= 0.189.

The probability of the new object being correctly classified is the sum of these probabilities:

0.343 + 0.441 + 0.189

= 0.973.

(ii)  The probability of correct classification increases as the number of classifiers increases. This is because the probability of a majority decision being correct is the probability that at least two of the classifiers make the correct decision. The more classifiers there are, the more likely it is that at least two of them will make the correct decision.

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