The long-run market solution to a wage that is so low that workers cannot survive is "government intervention into the market to establish a minimum wage so that all workers earn at least a subsistence wage." Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
A minimum wage is a government-set minimum wage that employers must pay to workers. By setting a minimum wage, the government ensures that workers are paid at least a living wage to meet their requirement. This is the minimum income required to meet basic needs such as food, cloths and shelter. This will help to prevent worker from falling into poverty and ensures that the worker can support themselves and their family. Without a minimum wage, some employers pay workers so low that they cannot afford basic necessities, which can lead to a cycle of poverty and social inequality.
Therefore, it is necessary to for government intervention into the market to establish a minimum wage rate so that all the workers can earn at least subsistence wage. Option D is the correct statement.
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Suppose that you plot the residuals for your sample against independent variable x and get residuals You should conclude that the data are A. definitely heteroskedastic. B. likely homoscedastic. C. possibly heteroskedastic and you would perform a formal test for heteroskedasticity. D. possibly homoscedastic and you would perform a correction for homoscedasticity.
Suppose that you plot the residuals for your sample against the independent variable x and get residuals, you should conclude that the data are likely homoscedastic (option b).
Homoscedasticity refers to a circumstance in which the variance of errors or the response variable is uniform across all levels of the predictor variable. In a model with homoscedasticity, the noise variance is consistent and does not depend on the predictor variable or any independent variable. Hence, the conclusion that you should reach if you plot the residuals for your sample against the independent variable x and get residuals is that the data are likely homoscedastic. The correct option is b.
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a lot of research has demonstrated that there is a relationship between the __________ of employees and that of customers.
income
age
extraversion
satisfaction
A lot of research has demonstrated that there is a relationship between the "satisfaction" of employees and that of customers. The correct option is D.
Numerous studies have explored the impact of employee satisfaction on customer satisfaction and have found a positive correlation between the two.
When employees are satisfied with their work, they are more likely to engage in positive interactions with customers and provide better customer service, and go the extra mile to meet customer needs.
This will leads to higher levels of customer satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore, the correct option is D.
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write a memo to employees outlining the security guidelines for using the hospital's laptops offsite
Adhere to physical security, network security, password protection, data encryption, software updates, and reporting protocols when using hospital laptops offsite.
[Your Name]
[Your Position]
[Date]
Subject: Security Guidelines for Offsite Use of Hospital Laptops
Dear Team,
As part of our commitment to maintaining the security and confidentiality of patient information, it is essential that we adhere to proper security measures when using hospital laptops offsite. This memo serves as a reminder and outlines the guidelines to be followed to ensure the protection of sensitive data. Please familiarize yourself with these guidelines and strictly adhere to them whenever using hospital laptops outside of the premises.
1. Physical Security:
a. Always keep the laptop in your possession or stored securely when not in use.
b. Avoid leaving laptops unattended in public places or in vehicles.
2. Network Security:
a. Connect to secure and trusted networks only. Avoid using public Wi-Fi networks, as they can pose significant security risks.
b. Utilize a Virtual Private Network (VPN) when accessing hospital systems or sensitive data remotely.
3. Passwords and Access Control:
a. Ensure your laptop is password-protected with a strong and unique password.
b. Do not share your login credentials or allow unauthorized individuals to use your laptop.
4. Data Protection:
a. Encrypt sensitive data stored on the laptop using hospital-approved encryption software.
b. Avoid downloading or saving patient data on personal or unsecured external devices.
5. Software Updates and Anti-malware:
a. Keep the laptop's operating system and antivirus software up to date with the latest patches and security updates.
b. Run regular scans to detect and remove any potential malware or viruses.
6. Reporting:
a. Report any suspected security incidents, lost or stolen laptops, or unauthorized access immediately to the IT department or your supervisor.
By adhering to these guidelines, we can collectively contribute to safeguarding patient information and maintaining the hospital's security standards. Failure to comply with these guidelines may result in disciplinary action and compromise the trust our patients place in us.
If you have any questions or need further clarification, please contact the IT department. Thank you for your cooperation in upholding our commitment to data security.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
[Your Position]
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At its December 31, 2019, year-end, Athletic Apparel had a warehouse with an adjusted book value of $302,500 and an estimated remaining useful life of 10 years and residual value of $100,000. Because of pick-up and delivery issues at the warehouse, a contractor was hired to construct a new door into the east wall during the week of January 5, 2020, for $35,500 on account. The estimated useful life of the door is 10 years with an estimated residual value of $8,500. Athletic uses the straight-line method to depreciate assets. Required: 1. Record the installation of the new door.
The new door installed must be recorded in the books of Athletic Apparel. The installation cost of the new door is $35,500, and it is estimated that it will have a useful life of 10 years with an estimated residual value of $8,500.
Athletic Apparel uses the straight-line method to depreciate assets. Therefore, the entry to record the installation of the new door will be: Journal EntryJan 5, 2020 New door account 35,500[Debit] Accounts payable account 35,500 [Credit] (To record the installation of the new door)
Depreciation: The cost of an asset less its residual value is known as the depreciable cost.
The formula for calculating the annual depreciation is as follows: Annual depreciation = (cost of the asset - residual value) / useful life of the asset Annual depreciation = ($35,500 - $8,500) / 10Annual depreciation = $27,000 / 10
Annual depreciation = $2,700 per year therefore, the entry to record the depreciation for the new door will be:
Journal Entry: Dec 31, 2020 Depreciation expense account 2,700[Debit] ; Accumulated depreciation - New door account2,700 [Credit] (To record depreciation on the new door)
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Classify the following adjusting entries as involving prepaid expenses, unearned revenues, accrued expenses, or accrued revenues
a. To record services performed but not yet billed or recorded
b. To record expiration of prepaid insurance
c. To record interest expense incurred but not yet paid
d. To record consulting services performed but not yet billed or recorded
e. To record revenue earned but not yet billed or recorded
________ is the application of standards of moral behavior to
business situations.
Multiple Choice
Business structuralism
Business contingence
Business ethics
Business sourcing
"Business ethics" is the application of standards of moral behavior to business situations.
Business ethics is a branch of ethics that concerns the ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in the business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is applicable to both the conduct of individuals and the behavior of the organization as a whole. The goal of business ethics is to provide guidance on how to behave ethically in business situations.
On the other hand, business structuralism refers to an organizational theory that focuses on the structure and design of a business or an organization while business contingency refers to the practice of planning and preparing for potential disruptions or unforeseen events that could impact the operations, profitability, or continuity of a business. Business sourcing, also known as strategic sourcing, is the process of identifying, evaluating, and selecting suppliers or external partners to provide goods, services, or components required by a business.
Hence, the correct answer is Business ethics.
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If an equipment is damaged during unpacking or installation, the repair expenses are added to its cost O True O False
The cost of the equipment is increased by the repair costs if an item of equipment is harmed during unpacking or installation. This statement is false.
The repair expenses incurred due to damage during unpacking or installation are not typically added to the cost of the equipment. Instead, such expenses are usually treated as separate costs and are accounted for separately.
When equipment is damaged during unpacking or installation, it is important to assess the cause of the damage and determine the responsible party. If the damage was caused by the manufacturer or the shipping company, they may be liable for the repair expenses. In such cases, the repair costs are typically borne by the responsible party, and the equipment owner or purchaser would not need to add those expenses to the equipment's cost.
However, if the damage was due to mishandling or negligence during unpacking or installation by the equipment owner or their representatives, then the repair expenses would generally be the responsibility of the owner. In this situation, the repair costs would not be added to the equipment's cost but would be treated as separate expenses borne by the owner.
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which tasks are typically conducted by managers in the goal and plan evaluation step of the formal planning process? (choose every correct answer.) multiple select question. create a schedule for plan implementation. estimate the costs of each plan. select the best goal and plan. prioritize and, if necessary, eliminate goals. evaluate advantages of each goal and plan.
The tasks that are typically conducted by managers in the goal and plan evaluation step of the formal planning process are given below:
Select the best goal and plan Prioritize and, if necessary, eliminate goals Evaluate advantages of each goal and plan. The managers evaluate goals and plans based on the advantages that the company would have from each of them. The managers also assess the suitability of the goal and plan in relation to the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. Moreover, they identify the resources that would be required for each goal and plan before selecting the best one and eliminating those that are not aligned with the objectives of the organization.
The managers also prioritize the goals and eliminate those that are less important while also ensuring that the goals are consistent with the overall mission and vision of the company. Once the most appropriate goal and plan have been identified, the managers also create a schedule for their implementation while estimating the costs of each plan.
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Answer:
- Evaluate advantages of each goal and plan.
-Prioritize and, if necessary, eliminate goals.
- Estimate the costs of each plan.
Whether buyer bargaining power poses a strong or weak source of competitive pressure on industry members depends in part on Select one: 1. whether most buyers possess roughly equal or varying degrees of bargaining power. 2. how many buyers are engaged in collaborative partnerships with sellers. 3. whether entry barriers are high or low. 4. whether the overall quality of the items being furnished by Industry members is rising or falling 5. whether buyer demand is strong or declining,
Whether buyer bargaining power poses a strong or weak source of competitive pressure on industry members depends in part on 1. whether most buyers possess roughly equal or varying degrees of bargaining power. The correct answer is 1.
Buyer bargaining power poses a strong or weak source of competitive pressure on industry members depending on the balance of power between buyers and sellers. When buyers have roughly equal bargaining power, it means that they have the ability to negotiate and influence the terms, prices, and conditions of their purchases.
On the other hand, if buyers have varying degrees of bargaining power, the powerful buyers can dictate terms and put significant pressure on industry members and if buyers have limited or weak bargaining power, industry members may have more control and face less competitive pressure.
If there are a large number of buyers in the market and a limited number of sellers, the buyers have a stronger position.
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What are the principal differences between the way fermented
beverages and distilled beverages are produced? Why are these
differences important to restaurant managers?
The principal differences between fermented beverages and distilled beverages lie in the production process and the alcohol content. Fermented beverages are produced through the natural process of fermentation, where yeast or bacteria convert sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide. This process typically involves the fermentation of fruits, grains, or other plant-based materials.
On the other hand, distilled beverages, also known as spirits, undergo an additional step called distillation. Distillation involves heating the fermented liquid to separate the alcohol from other components through vaporization and condensation. This process allows for the production of beverages with higher alcohol content. Examples of distilled beverages include whiskey, vodka, rum, and gin.
These differences are important to restaurant managers for several reasons. Firstly, fermented beverages and distilled beverages have different flavor profiles and characteristics. Understanding these differences allows restaurant managers to curate a diverse and appealing beverage menu that caters to different tastes and preferences.
Secondly, the production process of distilled beverages requires specialized equipment and expertise. Restaurant managers need to consider the availability of equipment, licensing requirements, and compliance with regulations when incorporating distilled beverages into their offerings. This includes ensuring proper storage, handling, and serving practices for distilled beverages due to their higher alcohol content.
Additionally, the pricing and profitability of fermented and distilled beverages can differ significantly. Distilled beverages often have higher production costs, including the cost of distillation equipment and longer aging processes for some spirits. Restaurant managers need to consider these factors when setting prices and managing inventory to maintain profitability.
Lastly, understanding the differences between fermented and distilled beverages helps restaurant managers educate their staff and provide better customer service. Staff members can make informed recommendations and answer customer questions about the different beverage options available, enhancing the overall dining experience.
In summary, the principal differences in production and characteristics between fermented and distilled beverages are crucial for restaurant managers to create a diverse beverage menu, ensure compliance with regulations, manage costs and profitability, and provide excellent customer service.
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Shopify companies organisational culture and organisational change in 1000 words.
Shopify is one of the leading e-commerce companies in the world. The company is known for its strong organizational culture and commitment to organizational change. Shopify's organizational culture is characterized by a focus on innovation, customer service, and teamwork.
The company encourages its employees to take risks, experiment, and learn from failures. Shopify also emphasizes the importance of customer service, and its employees are trained to be attentive to customer needs and to provide high-quality service. Finally, Shopify values teamwork and collaboration, and its employees are encouraged to work together to achieve common goals.
Shopify's commitment to organizational change is evident in its ongoing efforts to adapt to changing market conditions and customer needs. The company has made significant investments in technology and infrastructure to improve its e-commerce platform and enhance the user experience. Shopify has also expanded its product offerings to include a wide range of services and tools to help merchants grow their businesses. Additionally, the company has adopted a data-driven approach to decision making, using analytics and other tools to identify trends and opportunities.
Shopify's organizational culture and commitment to organizational change have contributed to its success and growth. The company's focus on innovation and customer service has helped it to differentiate itself in a highly competitive industry. By encouraging its employees to take risks and learn from failures, Shopify has been able to innovate and develop new products and services that meet the changing needs of its customers.
Additionally, Shopify's focus on teamwork and collaboration has helped it to build a strong and dedicated workforce that is committed to the company's mission and values. The company's data-driven approach to decision making has also helped it to identify new opportunities and respond quickly to changing market conditions.
In conclusion, Shopify's organizational culture and commitment to organizational change have been critical to its success. The company's focus on innovation, customer service, and teamwork has helped it to differentiate itself in a highly competitive industry. Additionally, Shopify's data-driven approach to decision making has enabled it to identify trends and opportunities and respond quickly to changing market conditions. As the company continues to grow and expand its product offerings, it will be important for it to maintain its strong organizational culture and commitment to organizational change.
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Consider a situation where the morale of the team is low during a particularly difficult project and productivity suffering. How will you exercise leadership using a) power and b) influencing perspectives?
In a scenario where the morale of a team is low during a challenging project and productivity is suffering, leadership is crucial to motivate the team.
There are two possible methods to exercise leadership during this time, using power and influencing perspectives:-
a) Exercising leadership through power: Leadership based on power includes taking command of the situation and making sure that the team completes the project. To boost the morale of the team, a leader may motivate the team members by offering incentives or promotions, organizing team-building events, or even threatening to terminate the team members if they do not fulfill their obligations. The power of a leader has been bestowed on them by the organization, and they must use it to handle such a situation. However, it is essential to ensure that the leader does not abuse their authority and instead uses it constructively to motivate the team.
b) Exercising leadership through influencing perspectives: Leadership based on influencing perspectives includes increasing the morale of the team and guiding them through a difficult project. A leader might influence the team's mindset by providing them with a sense of purpose and motivation. They may encourage team members to express their ideas and collaborate, breaking down silos and fostering communication. Leaders may also ensure that the team is adequately compensated, appreciated, and rewarded for their efforts, fostering a sense of pride and loyalty in the team members. A leader's guidance, empathy, and ability to engage the team in the project are all crucial in improving the morale of the team and increasing productivity.
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11 Which is false regarding life insurance? A A maximum premium payment for universal life insurance provides the greatest opportunity for tax-deferred growth. B With respect to term insurance, the length of the term determines the premium to be paid for the insurance. C A life insurance policy with a shorter term is less expensive than a policy with a longer term. D Term insurance is the most expensive policy as it builds cash value.
The statement "Term insurance is the most expensive policy as it builds cash value" is false regarding life insurance.
The correct answer to the given question is option D.
Life insurance is a contract between an individual and an insurance company. Under this contract, the insurance company agrees to pay a sum of money to the designated beneficiary in the event of the insured person's death. Let's look at the options and see which one is false regarding life insurance.
Option A: A maximum premium payment for universal life insurance provides the greatest opportunity for tax-deferred growth.This statement is true. The maximum premium payment for universal life insurance provides the greatest opportunity for tax-deferred growth. It offers more flexibility in premiums and death benefits. It enables policyholders to accumulate savings on a tax-deferred basis.
Option B: With respect to term insurance, the length of the term determines the premium to be paid for the insurance.This statement is true. The length of the term determines the premium to be paid for the insurance. The longer the term, the more expensive the premium is.
Option C: A life insurance policy with a shorter term is less expensive than a policy with a longer term.This statement is true. A life insurance policy with a shorter term is less expensive than a policy with a longer term. If the policyholder dies within the term, their beneficiaries receive the face value of the policy.
Option D: Term insurance is the most expensive policy as it builds cash value.This statement is false. Term insurance is not the most expensive policy as it builds no cash value. It is the cheapest and most straightforward type of life insurance. It offers a fixed death benefit for a specified period at a relatively low cost.
In conclusion, statement D is false regarding life insurance as term insurance is the cheapest and most straightforward type of life insurance, and it builds no cash value.
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B&Dox Inc. has a common stock that paid a dividend a year ago at $2.00 and its market price is $60.00. Assume that the company's growth expectation is 3% for the next few years and a required return of 9%. Use the basic growth model: V₀ = d / k - g
8. What is the expected yield for this stock?
a) 5.3 %
b) 4.8 %
c) 6.4 %
d) 11.30%
To determine the expected yield for the given stock with a dividend of $2.00 and a market price of $60.00, a basic growth model is used. This model is given by the formula:
V₀ = d / k - g
where V₀ is the current value of the stock, d is the dividend, k is the required return, and g is the growth rate of the dividend.
The correct option is c .
The question requires the expected yield, which is the dividend yield plus the capital gain yield. The dividend yield is the annual dividend divided by the stock price, and the capital gain yield is the expected increase in the stock price over a year. The formula for expected yield is: Expected yield = Dividend yield + Capital gain yield.
Dividend (d) = $2.00Market price of the stock = $60.00Growth rate (g) = 3%Required return (k) = 9%Expected yield = Dividend yield + Capital gain yieldDividend yield = Dividend / Market price= $2.00 / $60.00= 0.0333 or 3.33% (approx.)Capital gain yield = Expected increase in the stock price / Market priceThe expected increase in the stock price can be determined using the formula: g = (1 - P₀ / P₁) where P₀ is the current price and P₁ is the expected price in a year.g = (1 - $60.00 / $61.80) = 0.0291 or 2.91% (approx.)Therefore, the capital gain yield is: Capital gain yield = Expected increase in the stock price / Market price= 2.91% / 100% = 0.0291Expected yield = Dividend yield + Capital gain yield= 3.33% + 2.91%= 6.24%The expected yield for this stock is 6.24%.Therefore, the correct option is c) 6.4%. Answer: c) 6.4%.
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functional currency of a foreign unit. for the following three factors determine what conditions would result in the foreign currency being the functional currency:
A functional currency for a foreign unit. First off, it is likely that the local currency would be regarded as the functional currency if the foreign unit's activities are predominantly autonomous and self-contained.
With transactions and cash flows being performed primarily in its local currency. Second, the local currency may be regarded as the functional currency if the economic environment in which the foreign unit operates is stable and it is extensively used and accepted for pricing products and services.
Last but not least, if the parent company's reporting and decision-making procedures are carried out in the local currency of the foreign unit, and the functional activities and operations of the foreign unit are integrated with those of its parent business.
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2) Why brands fail in international markets? (25 points) a) Why Starbucks failed in Australia
Starbucks did not provide the same quality of coffee that Australians expected, which resulted in low customer demand for Starbucks. As a result, the chain was unable to gain a foothold in the market.
Brand failure in international markets is a frequent occurrence. Brands often struggle to expand and become successful in new markets due to a variety of factors. Here are some reasons why brands fail in international markets:1. Lack of cultural understanding: One of the most significant reasons for brand failure in international markets is a lack of cultural understanding.
Brands frequently make the mistake of assuming that what works in their home country will work in other countries as well.2. Lack of market research: Brands that fail in international markets are typically those that lack adequate market research. Without a thorough understanding of the market, brands may fail to recognize customer needs and preferences.
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Research based on Real Business Cycles in Emerging Countries,
a) When writing a research based on this bold topic what possible research problems and gap can be identified.
b) Based on the gap formulate some objectives of a research study.
c) What are statistical/econometric techniques for the analysis of the data.
(a) Research problems and gaps that can be identified when studying real business cycles in emerging countries include: Data Availability, Model Applicability, and Structural Differences.
(b) Some objectives of a research study are to explore alternative data sources and methodologies, develop and calibrate real business cycle models or to investigate the role of institutional factors.
(c) Statistical and econometric techniques commonly used for the analysis of data in this research area include: Time-series analysis, Panel data analysis, Vector Autoregression (VAR) models, and Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models.
(a) When researching actual business cycles in developing nations, it is possible to spot certain research issues and gaps, including:
Data Availability: It might be difficult to effectively study business cycles in emerging markets since there may be sparse or incorrect data on important economic factors.
Model Applicability: Alternative models that better reflect the distinctive traits and dynamics of emerging economies must be developed in place of the conventional real business cycle models.
Structural Differences: Compared to industrialized economies, emerging nations frequently have unusual structural characteristics, such as informality, dual labor markets, and financial market flaws, which can have a different effect on business cycles.
(b) These highlighted gaps suggest the following potential research goals:
to investigate different data sources and approaches in order to enhance the assessment and comprehension of business cycles in developing nations.to create and calibrate actual business cycle models that take into account the unique traits and difficulties of rising economies.to look into how institutional variables, such labor market laws and financial market growth, affect business cycles in developing nations.(c) The following statistical and economic methods are frequently applied to the examination of data in this field of study:
Time-series analysis is the process of examining the cyclical trends and volatility of important economic variables using tools like spectral analysis, autocorrelation, and filtering techniques (like the Hodrick-Prescott filter).Using econometric techniques like fixed effects or random effects models, panel data analysis can be used to evaluate business cycles across a number of emerging nations and pinpoint universal or nation-specific causes.Estimating the dynamic interactions between various economic variables and evaluating their influence on business cycles using vector autoregression (VAR) models.Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models: Creating and estimating models that take into account important aspects of developing economies in order to examine how different shocks and policy changes affect how business cycles develop.These methods reinforce scholars' findings with empirical data and give them insights into the dynamics of actual business cycles in developing nations.
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Tucker Company produced 4,800 units of product that required 3.50 standard hours per unit. The standard variable overhead cost per unit is $4.70 per hour. The actual variable factory overhead was $77,380. Determine the variable factory overhead controllable variance.
Variable factory overhead controllable variance is an account that is included in a variance analysis to compare the standard costs of a company to its actual costs incurred. The variable factory overhead controllable variance is the difference between the actual variable factory overhead cost and the budgeted variable factory overhead cost that a manager had control over. It means, only the costs that can be managed by a manager fall into the variable factory overhead controllable variance.
Let's calculate the variable factory overhead controllable variance:Tucker Company produced 4,800 units of product that required 3.50 standard hours per unit.
Variable factory overhead rate per unit = standard variable overhead cost per unit × standard hours per unit Variable factory overhead rate per unit = $4.70 per hour × 3.50 hours per unit
Variable factory overhead rate per unit = $16.45 per unit Actual variable factory overhead = $77,380 Variable factory overhead applied = 4,800 units × $16.45 per unit Variable factory overhead applied = $78,960
Variable factory overhead controllable variance = actual variable factory overhead – applied variable factory overhead Variable factory overhead controllable variance = $77,380 – $78,960
Variable factory overhead controllable variance = -$1,580 The controllable variance can either be favorable or unfavorable.
If the variable factory overhead cost is less than the budgeted cost, then it is said to be favorable, whereas if the actual cost exceeds the budgeted cost, then the controllable variance is unfavorable. In this scenario, the Tucker Company's variable factory overhead controllable variance is unfavorable because the actual cost of $77,380 is less than the applied cost of $78,960.
The company incurred $1,580 less than the expected cost, and the controllable variance is -$1,580. A negative controllable variance implies that the company's actual costs were lower than expected, and the manager was successful in controlling the costs.
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Which economic system supports government control of major basic industries but allows a high degree of personal and economic freedom to its citizens? A. Market economic system B. Command economic system OO C. Traditional economic system D. Mixed economic system
Answer:
mixed economic system
Explanation:
What actions has amazon taken to fight walmart on walmart's turf? how has walmart retaliated? comment on the risks of these actions by both walmart and amazon.
Amazon has improved their services including 1-hour delivery and minimum order value to fight Walmart's turf. Walmart has retailed by market price, discounts and online stores. The risks associated with Amazon is that it might reduce profitability and Walmart's risk is the inefficient running of online outlets.
Amazon has implemented some actions to fight Walmart on Walmart's turf.
These are as follows:
Amazon has launched its one-hour delivery service in selected cities such as Manhattan, Baltimore, and Miami, among others, in 2014 to compete with Walmart's grocery delivery services. Amazon had to hire its delivery workers to make this happen, and they made a deal with car rental companies to obtain vehicles. Amazon has lowered its minimum order value for free shipping to $25, from $35, as Walmart and Target offer free shipping for purchases over $35 and $25, respectively.Walmart has retaliated in the following ways:
Walmart has developed a market-based pricing strategy, investing in customer service, and using its physical stores to promote online sales. They also offer incentives like discounts to customers for picking up online orders in the store, which gives them the advantage of selling more items in their physical stores while meeting the needs of customers with a seamless experience between their physical and online stores. Walmart has also been investing in its digital presence and online sales.Comment on the risks of these actions by both Walmart and Amazon:
Risks for Amazon: Amazon has focused its energy on Amazon Prime, and it has been highly successful. They offer exclusive deals to their Prime members. Still, the company has to work hard to keep Prime members coming back and to maintain their loyalty as competitors like Walmart offer similar services with free delivery, and with physical stores in place, they may be able to give Amazon a run for their money. The company's move to lower the minimum order value for free shipping from $35 to $25 may also result in reduced profitability due to an increase in shipping costs.
Risks for Walmart: Although Walmart has been successful with its in-store pick-up and delivery strategy, the increased investment in their online stores and services may be risky as their physical stores will face stiff competition from Amazon. Amazon has more experience in the e-commerce business and has been successful with its online-only business model. Walmart may also find it challenging to achieve profitability with their digital presence and online sales, which may be difficult for them to scale due to high investments in technology and infrastructure.
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Howard Corp. sponsors a defined-benefit pension plan for its employees. On January 1, 2021, the following balances related to this plan.
Plan assets (fair value) $2,200,000
Projected benefit obligation 2.400,000
Pension asset/liability 200,000 Cr.
Prior service cost 300,000
OCI - Loss 260,000
As a result of the operation of the plan during 2021, the actuary provided the following additional data at December 31, 2021.
Service cost for 2021 $280,000
Actual return on plan assets in 2021 180,000
Amortization of prior service cost 60,000
Contributions in 2021 460,000
Benefits paid retirees in 2021 320,000
Settlement rate 7%
Expected return rate 8%
Average remaining service life of active employees 10 years
Required
Be sure to provide supporting computations where appropriate. Preparation of the worksheet is not required but highly recommended.
(a) Prepare the journal entry for pension expense.
(b) Determine the following balances:
1. Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
2. Projected Benefit Obligation
3. Pension Asset/Liability
a) The components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income are a loss of $240,000.
b) The Projected Benefit Obligation is $2,588,000, and the Pension Asset/Liability has a credit balance of $520,000.
(a) The journal entry for pension expense can be prepared as follows:
Pension Expense Dr. $400,000
Accumulated OCI - Loss Cr. $260,000
Cash Cr. $140,000
(To record the pension expense, the recognition of OCI loss, and the employer contributions)
(b) 1. Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income:
Prior service cost:
Beginning balance $300,000
Amortization for the year - $60,000
Ending balance (OCI - Loss) = $240,000
Projected Benefit Obligation (PBO):
Beginning balance $2,400,000
Service cost + $280,000
Interest cost (PBO * Settlement rate) + $168,000 [($2,400,000 * 7%)]
Prior service cost amortization + $60,000
Benefits paid retirees - $320,000
Ending balance = $2,588,000
Pension Asset/Liability:
Beginning balance (Cr.) $200,000
Actual return on plan assets + $180,000
Contributions + $460,000
Benefits paid retirees - $320,000
Ending balance (Cr.) = $520,000
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1) Outline the purpose and distinct focus of management and business research.
2) Apply the common problems encountered in the business research.
3) Generate and refine research ideas to choose suitable research topics
1. Purpose and distinct focus of management and business research
The primary objective of business research is to determine what consumers are looking for, how much they are prepared to pay, and how to convince them to purchase a product or service.
Management research, on the other hand, is primarily concerned with how to improve the performance of businesses. Management research is also aimed at identifying problems and developing solutions to overcome them.
2. Common problems encountered in business research
Business research, like any other research, faces various issues, including:
- Defining the scope and objectives of research.
- Designing the research plan and research method.
- Collecting and analyzing data.
- Identifying and controlling external variables that may impact research results.
- Choosing the appropriate statistical analysis tool.
- Ensuring research ethics are upheld.
3. Generating and refining research ideas to select appropriate research topics
To generate and refine research ideas to select suitable research topics, consider the following:
- Reviewing literature.
- Identifying gaps in current research.
- Observing the environment.
- Identifying the current challenges facing the business.
- Conducting a brainstorming session.
- Choosing a research topic that meets the requirements of the research plan.
Business research refers to the systematic collection and analysis of data to aid business decision-making. On the other hand, management research entails exploring ways to improve the functioning of an organization or company. Although both types of research have similar methods and tools, the goals and purposes of the two are different.
There are numerous issues that researchers may encounter while conducting business research. In some instances, researchers may struggle with selecting the appropriate data collection methods, while in others, the issue may be with analysis and interpretation. Ethical considerations may arise in business research, and this is a critical aspect that should not be overlooked.
Generating and refining research ideas are crucial aspects of research, and these should be done to ensure that the research is on the right track. Researchers can look into current literature and identify gaps that they can fill, observe the environment and identify current challenges facing the business, and brainstorm research topics with colleagues to select suitable research topics.
Management and business research differ in their focus and objectives. Despite their differences, both types of research share some similarities in terms of methods and tools used. Researchers may face various challenges, including ethical issues, while conducting business research. Generating and refining research ideas is an essential aspect of research and helps in choosing the appropriate research topic.
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Sam's is considering a Project with the following cash flows:
Initial Investment=$1,748.80
Cash flow from years 1 to 6 = $500 per year
Determine the internal rate of return "IRR" of the project:
Answer: IRR=____________________________________
Show Formula And Procedure (Explanation)
Given Initial Investment=$1,748.80 and Cash flow from years 1 to 6 = $500 per year, the internal rate of return "IRR" of the project
Internal rate of return (IRR) is the rate of return that makes the net present value (NPV) of all cash flows (both positive and negative) from a particular investment equal to zero. To calculate the IRR of the given project, follow the steps below:
List all cash flows Year Cash Flows0 -1748.801 5002 5003 5004 5005 500
Apply the following formula to calculate IRR: NPV = CF0 + CF1/(1+IRR) + CF2/(1+IRR)^2 + CF3/(1+IRR)^3 + ... + CFn/(1+IRR)^n
Here, CF0 = Initial Investment = -1748.80 CF1 to CF6 = Cash flow from years 1 to 6 = 500 n = Number of years = 6
IRR is the rate at which NPV = 0NPV = 0 = -1748.80 + (500/1+IRR) + (500/1+IRR)² + (500/1+IRR)³ + (500/1+IRR)⁴ + (500/1+IRR)⁵ + (500/1+IRR)⁶
Solve the above equation using a trial and error method or any calculator that has an IRR function. In this case, the IRR of the project is 16.19% (approximate to two decimal places). Answer: IRR = 16.19% (approximate to two decimal places)
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ABC corporation sells software to institutions. The current sales are $2,000,000 per year. The current payment terms are 2/10 net 30 and about 60% of the customers take advantage of the discount. It takes 22 days on average to collect the accounts.
ABC wants to change payment terms to 3/15 net 60 would result in sales increase to 2,400,000. 70% of customers would take advantage of the discount and time to collect account receivable would increase to 30 days.
ABC contribution margin is 15% and its short term cost of financing is 10%. Find the increase/decrease in income and state whether change should be taken or not?
Current sales = $2,000,000 per year Customers take advantage of the discount = 60%Days taken to collect accounts = 22ABC wants to change payment terms to 3/15 net 60Sales after the change in payment terms = $2,400,00070% of customers would take advantage of the discount Time to collect account receivable would increase to 30 days Contribution Margin = 15%Short term cost of financing = 10%
To calculate the increase or decrease in income if ABC changes the payment terms, we need to calculate the total revenue in both the cases before and after the change. Total revenue can be calculated as follows:
Total Revenue = Sales × (1 - Discount rate)Let’s first calculate the total revenue before the change in payment terms. Since 60% of customers take advantage of the discount, the discount rate would be 2% (as per 2/10 net 30).
Total revenue before the change = $2,000,000 × (1 - 0.6 × 0.02)Total revenue before the change = $1,872,000
Now, let’s calculate the total revenue after the change in payment terms.
Since 70% of customers would take advantage of the discount, the discount rate would be 3% (as per 3/15 net 60).Total revenue after the change = $2,400,000 × (1 - 0.7 × 0.03)Total revenue after the change = $2,190,000The increase in revenue would be:
Increase in revenue = Total revenue after the change - Total revenue before the change Increase in revenue = $2,190,000 - $1,872,000Increase in revenue = $318,000
Now, let’s calculate the increase in financing cost due to increased time taken to collect account receivable. The financing cost would be the difference between the short term financing cost and the contribution margin.
Financing Cost = Short-term financing cost - Contribution margin The short-term financing cost is 10% of the revenue, and the contribution margin is 15% of the revenue.
So, the financing cost would be:
Financing Cost = 0.1 × Total revenue - 0.15 × Total revenue Financing Cost = -0.05 × Total revenue
The negative value of financing cost shows that there would be a decrease in financing cost due to the increased time to collect account receivable.
Now, let’s calculate the net increase or decrease in income.
Net income increase/decrease = Increase in revenue + Financing cost Net income increase/decrease = $318,000 - 0.05 × $2,190,000Net income increase/decrease = $210,500As the net increase in income is positive, ABC should take the change in payment terms.
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Strategies for players to overcome a prisoner's dilemma include: playing the game repeatedly over time to promote cooperation. avoiding collusion, which hurts all players involved. competing more rigorously to achieve a better outcome. playing the strategies that lead to a Nash equilibrium.
Playing the game repeatedly over time to promote cooperation. Avoiding collusion, which hurts all players involved. Competing more rigorously to achieve a better outcome. Playing the strategies that lead to a Nash equilibrium.
One strategy for players to overcome a prisoner's dilemma is to play the game repeatedly over time. By engaging in repeated interactions, players have the opportunity to establish a reputation and build trust, which can promote cooperation. Through repeated plays, players can learn from each other's behavior and adjust their strategies accordingly. This allows for the possibility of long-term gains and mutually beneficial outcomes.
Avoiding collusion, which hurts all players involved.
Collusion, which involves players secretly cooperating to achieve a joint outcome that maximizes their collective payoff, is not a strategy to overcome a prisoner's dilemma. Collusion undermines the competitive nature of the game and can result in negative consequences for all players involved. Instead, players should focus on finding strategies that promote cooperation and mutual gains without resorting to collusion.
Competing more rigorously to achieve a better outcome.
Competing more rigorously is not a strategy to overcome a prisoner's dilemma. In a prisoner's dilemma, the dominant strategy for each player is to act in their self-interest, which often leads to a suboptimal outcome for both players. Merely competing more rigorously without considering cooperation or alternative strategies is unlikely to lead to a better outcome in a prisoner's dilemma.
Playing the strategies that lead to a Nash equilibrium.
Playing the strategies that lead to a Nash equilibrium can be a rational approach in a prisoner's dilemma. A Nash equilibrium is a situation where no player can unilaterally improve their outcome by changing their strategy. However, in a prisoner's dilemma, the Nash equilibrium typically results in a suboptimal outcome for both players. Therefore, relying solely on playing strategies that lead to a Nash equilibrium may not be effective in overcoming the dilemma.
Of the strategies mentioned, playing the game repeatedly over time to promote cooperation is a valid approach to overcome a prisoner's dilemma. By establishing trust and engaging in repeated interactions, players have the opportunity to find cooperative strategies that lead to mutually beneficial outcomes. Avoiding collusion, competing more rigorously, or solely focusing on Nash equilibrium strategies may not effectively address the challenges posed by a prisoner's dilemma.
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If $2500 is invested at an interest rate of 5.5% per year, compounded continuously, find the value of the investment after the given number of years. (Round your answers to the nearest cent.) (a) 3 years $ 2948.48 (b) 6 years $ (c) 18 years $
The value of the investment after:
(a) 3 years is approximately $2,948.48
(b) 6 years is approximately $3,456.38
(c) 18 years is approximately $9,131.10
To calculate the value of the investment after a given number of years, we can use the formula for continuous compounding:
[tex]A = P * e^(rt),[/tex]
where:
A is the final amount (value of the investment),
P is the principal amount ($2500 in this case),
e is the base of the natural logarithm (approximately 2.71828),
r is the interest rate (5.5% expressed as a decimal, so 0.055),
and t is the number of years.
Let's calculate the values for each scenario:
(a) After 3 years:
t = 3
A = [tex]2500 * e^(0.055 * 3)[/tex]
A ≈ $2,948.48
(b) After 6 years:
t = 6
A = [tex]2500 * e^(0.055 * 6)[/tex]
A ≈ $3,456.38
(c) After 18 years:
t = 18
A = [tex]2500 * e^(0.055 * 18)[/tex]
A ≈ $9,131.10
Therefore, the value of the investment after:
(a) 3 years is approximately $2,948.48
(b) 6 years is approximately $3,456.38
(c) 18 years is approximately $9,131.10
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The United States of America and the Republic of Korea (South Korea) have a strong military partnership. The United States of America has troops on South Korean soil and has issued an "ironclad" security commitment to the nation, so in the event that something occurs the United States will provide military assistance to South Korea. Which of the following statements are true?
The agreement could result in South Korea engaging in less risky behaviour due to a desire not to waste United States' military resources. The agreement could result in South Korea sometimes engaging in risky behaviour as they know they will always be protected by the United States. The agreement is an example of adverse selection as South Korea is more informed about the military situation and thus has lowered the quality of the military partnership. The agreement is an example of moral hazard as South Korea changed its behaviour prior to the agreement entering into force.
Among the statements provided, the true statement is: The agreement could result in South Korea engaging in less risky behavior due to a desire not to waste United States' military resources.
The military partnership between the United States and South Korea, with the United States providing a security commitment to South Korea, can have several implications for South Korea's behavior and strategic decision-making.
First, the agreement could lead South Korea to engage in less risky behavior. Knowing that they have the backing of the United States' military assistance, South Korea may be more inclined to pursue diplomatic and peaceful solutions to conflicts rather than resorting to risky military actions. The presence of U.S. troops on South Korean soil and the security commitment provide a deterrent against potential adversaries, reducing the likelihood of South Korea taking unnecessary risks.
On the other hand, it is not accurate to say that the agreement could result in South Korea engaging in risky behavior because they know they will always be protected by the United States. The presence of a security commitment does not imply a free pass for South Korea to engage in reckless actions. The partnership is built on mutual trust and shared security interests, with both parties aiming to maintain stability and peace in the region.
Regarding adverse selection and moral hazard, these concepts are not applicable to the described military partnership between the United States and South Korea. Adverse selection typically refers to situations where one party has more information or better knowledge, leading to an imbalance in the partnership. Moral hazard, on the other hand, refers to the increased risk-taking behavior of one party due to the presence of insurance or protection.
In the case of the U.S.-South Korea military partnership, both countries enter the agreement voluntarily, and their interests align in ensuring regional security. There is no indication that South Korea changed its behavior or engaged in adverse selection due to the agreement. The partnership is based on shared strategic goals and cooperation rather than information asymmetry or moral hazard.
In conclusion, the agreement could result in South Korea engaging in less risky behavior due to the assurance of U.S. military assistance. However, the statements related to risky behavior, adverse selection, and moral hazard are not applicable to the described U.S.-South Korea military partnership.
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How can the Bank of Canada's desire to prevent high interest rates cause inflation?
OA. When the Bank of Canada reduces interest rates, bank borrowing increases, which reduces risk
O B. Reducing interest rates increases investment, which increases aggregate demand.
OC. To reduce interest rates, the Bank of Canada must buy bonds, which increases the money supply.
OD. Reducing interest rates increases government budget deficits, causing crowding out
The Bank of Canada aims to prevent high interest rates, which can cause inflation. When the Bank of Canada reduces interest rates, it increases the money supply, reduces the risk of borrowing from banks, increases investment, and increases aggregate demand.
This increase in aggregate demand, in turn, leads to inflation. Inflation can lead to a decrease in the purchasing power of money, which causes the price of goods and services to rise.I
n order to reduce interest rates, the Bank of Canada buys bonds. This increases the money supply, making it easier to borrow from banks. This increase in borrowing leads to an increase in investment, which, in turn, increases aggregate demand. As aggregate demand increases, so does the price level, causing inflation. When inflation occurs, the Bank of Canada may take measures to reduce it.
One way is to increase interest rates, which reduces borrowing, reduces investment, and decreases aggregate demand. As aggregate demand decreases, so does the price level, helping to control inflation.
although the Bank of Canada's desire to prevent high interest rates is intended to prevent inflation, it can lead to inflation due to its effect on the money supply and aggregate demand.
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A buyer and the seller of a house generally have different levels of information about the house's quality. Explain why this situation may result in the seller having to accept a lower price for the house than he feels reflects the house's true value. Why is this referred to as a market failure?
In a market, a buyer and a seller are the two primary entities who interact with each other to make a transaction.
The buyer tries to buy a commodity at the lowest possible price, while the seller tries to sell it at the highest possible price. A similar situation exists when a seller sells a house to a buyer. However, both of them do not possess an equal level of information about the house’s quality. This is the reason why the seller has to accept a lower price for the house than he feels reflects the house’s true value.This situation is referred to as a market failure since both the seller and buyer don't have equal knowledge. This creates information asymmetry and is referred to as a market failure. The buyer who is unaware of the house's true value may negotiate the price lower than the seller thinks it is worth. The seller may not have any other option and may have to sell the house at a lower price than they think it is worth. As a result, the seller may have to accept a lower price than what they thought was the true value of their house. The lack of information can lead to an inefficient market.
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when evaluating full-coverage programs, it is typically best to use: a. interrupted time-series b. quasi-experimental design c. ex post evaluation d. randomized design
When evaluating full-coverage programs, it is typically best to use randomized design. Option d is correct.
A full-coverage program is a policy or program that is meant to cover everyone in a specific group. It is a plan that is designed to reach all individuals who fit a certain set of criteria, with no exclusions or restrictions. These programs may include things like health care coverage, housing programs, or other types of social welfare programs.
A randomized design, also known as a randomized controlled trial (RCT), is an experimental design in which study participants are randomly assigned to either a treatment group or a control group. The treatment group receives the intervention being studied, while the control group does not.
Randomized designs are frequently used in program evaluations because they provide the most reliable results and are less susceptible to bias than other designs.
Therefore, d is correct.
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