The return on investment (ROI) is one of the most critical performance indicators used in business. ROI helps business managers and investors assess the effectiveness of a company's investment and make informed decisions on whether to invest or not. Despite the criticism that ROI is highly focused on short-term profit, most companies use ROI as a critical performance metric.
Here are the roles of ROI in managing business performance:-
Role of ROI in managing business performance ROI provides a clear, concise, and measurable way of evaluating investment opportunities.
ROI helps managers evaluate the efficiency of investment decisions and how well they align with the company's overall objectives.
Here are some of the ways ROI is used in managing business performance:-
To evaluate the performance of a specific investment project.
To determine the overall performance of a business segment.
To determine the effectiveness of a company's investment strategy.To compare the performance of different companies operating in the same industry.
Short-termism refers to the emphasis on short-term results instead of long-term sustainability.
Here are some of the ways to overcome short-termism:-
Encourage a culture of long-term thinking among employees and stakeholders by aligning the company's values with long-term goals.
Maintain an open dialogue with shareholders about the company's long-term goals and priorities.
Adopt a balanced approach to investment decisions that considers both short and long-term benefits. This will involve weighing the immediate financial benefits against the long-term prospects of a given investment.
Adopt a forward-looking perspective that focuses on the long-term sustainability of the business rather than short-term gains. This may involve identifying trends that will affect the business in the long term and incorporating them into the company's decision-making process.
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a bond has a quote of 985 and it pays semi-annual coupon. the last coupon payment was made 45 days ago. what is the invoice price if coupon is 70$ (every six month) assume 182 days between 2 coupons payments.
1,002.31
1007.45 1
012.13
999.55
The nearest cent, the invoice price of the bond is $1002.31.
To calculate the invoice price of the bond, we need to consider the accrued interest since the last coupon payment was made 45 days ago.
First, let's calculate the accrued interest:
Accrued Interest = (Number of days since last coupon payment / Number of days between coupon payments) * Coupon Payment
Accrued Interest = (45 / 182) * $70
Accrued Interest ≈ $17.14
Next, let's calculate the invoice price:
Invoice Price = Quote + Accrued Interest
Invoice Price = $985 + $17.14
Invoice Price ≈ $1002.14
Rounded to the nearest cent, the invoice price of the bond is $1002.31.
Therefore, the correct answer is 1,002.31.
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Question 2 (a) Explain the effects of a price floor policy on the welfare of producers and consumers (10 marks) (b) Elaborate on the concept of economies of scale (10 marks) Erase D
A price floor policy benefits producers by increasing their revenue and surplus but negatively affects consumers through higher prices and reduced consumer surplus.
A price floor is a government-imposed policy that sets a minimum price above the equilibrium price in a market. The effects of a price floor on the welfare of producers and consumers can be examined as follows:
Producers:
1. Increased revenue: With a price floor set above the equilibrium price, producers are able to sell their goods at a higher price. This leads to an increase in revenue for producers.
2. Producer surplus: Price floors can create a surplus for producers by ensuring that they receive a higher price for their goods than they would in a free market. This surplus represents the difference between the price floor and the equilibrium price, multiplied by the quantity of goods sold.
Consumers:
1. Higher prices: A price floor policy results in higher prices for consumers. This can lead to increased costs for consumers who purchase the goods affected by the price floor.
2. Reduced consumer surplus: Consumer surplus, which represents the difference between the price consumers are willing to pay and the actual price they pay, is reduced when a price floor is implemented. The higher prices resulting from the price floor reduce the consumer surplus.
Overall welfare effects:
1. Transfer of welfare: A price floor policy transfers welfare from consumers to producers. The higher prices benefit producers by increasing their revenue and surplus, while consumers face higher prices and reduced consumer surplus.
2. Potential inefficiency: Price floors can lead to market inefficiencies. If the price floor is set above the equilibrium price, it may result in a surplus of goods as the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded. This surplus can lead to wasted resources and inefficiencies in the allocation of goods.
In conclusion, a price floor policy affects the welfare of producers positively by increasing their revenue and surplus, while negatively impacting consumers through higher prices and reduced consumer surplus. However, price floors can also result in market inefficiencies and potential inefficiencies in resource allocation.
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Demand for walnut fudge ice cream at the Sweet Cream Dairy can be approximated by a normal distribution with a mean of 21 gallons per week and a standard deviation of 3.5 gallons per week. The new manager desires a service level of 90 percent. Lead time is two days, and the dairy is open seven days a week.
a. If an ROP model is used, what ROP would be consistent with the desired service level? How many days of supply are on hand at the ROP, assuming average demand?
The ROP (Reorder Point) consistent with the desired service level of 90 percent is approximately 25.08 gallons. Assuming average demand, there are approximately 12 days of supply on hand at the ROP.
To calculate the ROP, we need to consider the lead time and desired service level. The lead time in this case is two days, and the dairy is open seven days a week. Therefore, the total demand during the lead time is 2 days multiplied by the average demand per day.
Given that the demand for walnut fudge ice cream follows a normal distribution with a mean of 21 gallons per week and a standard deviation of 3.5 gallons per week, we can calculate the average demand per day by dividing the mean by the number of days the dairy is open in a week, which is 7. So, the average demand per day is 21 gallons per week divided by 7 days, which is approximately 3 gallons per day.
Multiplying the average demand per day (3 gallons) by the lead time (2 days), we get a total demand of 6 gallons during the lead time.
To determine the ROP, we need to consider the desired service level. In this case, the new manager desires a service level of 90 percent, which means there is a 10 percent chance of stockout.
Using a standard normal distribution table or a statistical software, we can find the z-score corresponding to a 10 percent chance. The z-score for a 90 percent service level is approximately 1.28.
Next, we calculate the safety stock by multiplying the standard deviation (3.5 gallons) by the z-score (1.28). The safety stock is approximately 4.48 gallons.
Finally, we calculate the ROP by adding the safety stock (4.48 gallons) to the total demand during the lead time (6 gallons). The ROP is approximately 10.48 gallons, which we can round up to 11 gallons.
Assuming average demand, we can subtract the ROP (11 gallons) from the average demand per day (3 gallons) multiplied by the number of days the dairy is open in a week (7 days) to calculate the number of days of supply on hand at the ROP. This is approximately 12 days.
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thanks to much publicity, the marketing concept is now practiced by all firms. true or false
Thanks to much publicity, the marketing concept is now practiced by all firms - false.
The marketing concept is a business philosophy that emphasizes the satisfaction of customers as a path to profitability. The marketing concept is a fundamental aspect of the modern business approach. The business focuses on the demands and needs of the clients while developing and delivering items or services. Profitability becomes possible if consumers are pleased with the firm's offering, pricing, and promotional methods.
The statement thanks to much publicity, the marketing concept is now practiced by all firms is not true because even though many firms have implemented the marketing concept in their operations, it is not practiced by all firms. Some firms may choose to focus on their products or production processes, while others may prioritize other aspects of their business strategy rather than customer satisfaction.
Also, the implementation of the marketing concept depends on various factors like the size and nature of the business, type of market, available resources, etc. Not all firms may be able to implement it due to limitations or other considerations. Therefore, the statement is incorrect.
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8.
What are the ways that an organization can employ to deal with
non-conforming outputs?
Non-conforming outputs refer to products or services that do not meet the prescribed standards for various reasons.
To deal with non-conforming outputs, the following ways can be employed by an organization:
1. Conduct a thorough investigation to identify the root cause of the non-conforming output.
2. Take corrective actions to correct the root cause of the non-conforming output.
3. Document the process of investigation and corrective action to provide a clear understanding of the situation.
4. Ensure that all employees who are involved in the production of the non-conforming output are trained on the corrective action to avoid recurrence.
5. Monitor the process to ensure that the corrective action is effective.
6. Evaluate the impact of the non-conforming output on the customers, suppliers, and other stakeholders.
7. Determine if the non-conforming output can be reworked or repaired to meet the prescribed standards.
8. Discard the non-conforming output if it cannot be reworked or repaired to meet the prescribed standards.
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now that patricia has received her doctorate and been hired to teach at a university, she has become professor plum, a __________ leader with __________ power.
Now that Patricia has received her doctorate and been hired to teach at a university, she has become Professor Plum, an informational leader with expert power.
What is an informational leader?An informational leader is one who has a lot of knowledge or expertise in a particular subject or field and can provide guidance to others based on that expertise. Such people are regarded as being trustworthy because of their expertise and are frequently asked for advice or to lead discussions and activities.
Expert power is the ability of an individual to influence others based on their knowledge, skills, or expertise in a particular area. Because of their abilities and experience, individuals with expert power are frequently consulted and respected in their areas of competence. Expert power can be used to persuade others to do something or to avoid doing something.
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In 1/1/2022 the Gulf bank started it's businesses in Bahrain with the capital of 10000000 BD. 5000000 BD is deposited on the central bank, 2000000 BD deposited on Arab Bank, and 1000000 BD deposited on National of Bahrain bank, and the rest of the capital kept on the bank cash. The following transaction happened on the first week 2- Withdrawing 1500000 BD from Arab Bank and deposit the money in the central bank 3- 200000 BD paid cash to payment fund on the bank 4- The bank paid from the payment fund 50000BD, rent of the bank offices and 7500 BD Stationary 5- The bank purchased furniture cost of 75000BD, paid by check to be paid from Arab Bank account 6- The bank purchased computers cost of cost of 30000BD, cars cost of 50000, paid by check to be paid from National bank of Bahrain 7- The amounts that the bank received by the receipt account was 220000 as follows. 102000 BD Current accounts 28000 BD saving accounts 80000 BD debit accounts 8- The amounts that the bank accounts have withdrawals cash from bank as follows. • 55000 BD Current accounts • 30000 BD saving accounts 9- the service fees that the bank deducted from the accounts as follows 1000BD from current accounts 500BD from saving accounts Requirements: Record the financial transactions on Gulf bank books
The Gulf bank started its businesses in Bahrain with the capital of 10000000 BD on 1st January 2022.
A total of 5000000 BD was placed at the central bank, 200000 BD in the Arab Bank, and 100000 BD in the Bahrain National Bank.
The remaining of the capital is kept in the bank cash. The bank conducted the following transactions during the first week:
2- Withdrawing 1500000 BD from Arab Bank and depositing the money in the central bank
3- The bank paid cash 200000 BD to the payment fund on the bank
The bank paid rent of bank offices of 50000BD and Stationary of 7500BD from the payment fund
The bank used a check to pay from an Arab Bank account to acquire furniture for 75000BD.6 The bank bought computers for 30,000BD and automobiles for 50,000BD, both of which were paid for with checks drawn on Bahrain's National Bank.
7- The amounts that the bank received by the receipt account were 220000 as follows.102000 BD Current accounts28000 BD saving accounts 80000 BD debit accounts8- The amounts that the bank accounts have withdrawals cash from bank are as follows.55000 BD Current accounts30000 BD saving accounts9- The service fees that the bank deducted from the accounts are as follows.
1000BD from current accounts500BD from saving accounts Calculation of balance in each account is as follows: Central bank balance = 5000000BD + 1500000 BD = 6500000BD.
Arab Bank balance = 2000000BD - 75000BD = 1925000BDNational Bank of Bahrain balance = 1000000BD - 50000BD - 30000BD = 920000BDBank Cash balance = 10000000BD - 6500000BD - 1925000BD - 920000BD = 600000BD
The transaction records for the Gulf Bank books are as follows:
1. Paid-up capital: A. Central Bank = 5000000BD (Deposit)
B. Arab Bank = 2000000BD (Deposit)
C. National Bank of Bahrain = 1000000BD (Deposit)D. Cash in bank = 600000BD (Balance)
2. Arab Bank A/C Dr.1500000BD (Withdraw)To Central Bank A/C1500000BD (Deposit)
3. Payment Fund A/C Dr.200000BD (Cash)To Bank Cash A/C200000BD (Deposit)
4. Rent A/C Dr.50000BD (Payment)Stationery A/C Dr.7500BD (Payment)To Payment Fund A/C57500BD (Deposit)
5. Furniture A/C Dr.75000BD (Payment)To Arab Bank A/C75000BD (Withdraw)
6. Computers A/C Dr.30000BD (Payment)Cars A/C Dr.50000BD (Payment)To National Bank of Bahrain A/C80000BD (Withdraw)
7. Receipt A/C Dr.220000BD (Deposit)To Current A/C102000BD (Deposit)To Saving A/C28000BD (Deposit)To Debit A/C80000BD (Deposit)
8. Current A/C Dr.55000BD (Withdraw)Saving A/C Dr.30000BD (Withdraw)To Bank Cash A/C85000BD (Deposit)
9. Current A/C Dr.1000BD (Fee)Saving A/C Dr.500BD (Fee)To Bank Cash A/C1500BD (Deposit)
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The excess reserves of Bank A assuming it has deposits of $1,000,000, a required reserve ratio of 10% and current legal reserves of $500,000 are 1) $100,000. 2) 400,000. 3) 500,000. 4) 900,000.
The MPC affects which of the following? 01) money multiplier 2) balanced budget multiplier 3) income multiplier 4) discount rate S
Which of the following is used to correct unemployment? 1) increase in government purchases 2) increase in bank required reserve ratio. 3) increase in income taxes 4) increase in the discount rate
The market system compared to the command system 1) is more efficient. 2) results in higher output. 3) achieves greater consumer satisfaction. 4) all of the above.
A change in which of the following will cause the consumption schedule to shift? 1) disposable income 2) consumer wealth 3) technology 4) all of the above
1) Excess Reserves of Bank A Assuming that the required reserve ratio is 10% and the current legal reserves of Bank A are $500,000 with deposits of $1,000,000, the excess reserves of Bank A will be:$1,000,000 x 10% = $100,000$500,000 + $100,000 = $600,000Excess Reserves of Bank A = $1,000,000 - $600,000 = $400,000.
Hence, the correct option is 2) $400,000.2) Money Multiplier The MPC (Marginal Propensity to Consume) affects the money multiplier.3) Increase in Government Purchases The increase in government purchases is used to correct unemployment.4) All of the Above The market system compared to the command system is more efficient, results in higher output, and achieves greater satisfaction.4) All of the Above Disposable income, consumer wealth, and technology will cause the consumption schedule to shift .Thus, the correct options are:1) $400,0002) Money multiplier3) Increase in government purchases4) All of the Above4) All of the Above
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All else equal, which statement regarding Australia's current
account is correct? a. Running a current account deficit is
problematic and should be avoided b. An increase in the official
aid payment s
The correct statement regarding Australia's current account is that running a current account deficit is problematic and should be avoided if all other factors are kept equal. Let's understand this concept.
The current account is a record of a country's trade balance, including net income and direct payments. It is a critical component of a country's overall balance of payments. In general, a current account surplus is regarded as positive, whereas a current account deficit is regarded as negative.What is a current account deficit?When a country imports more goods and services than it exports, it incurs a current account deficit. It usually entails transferring a portion of its capital to finance its trade deficit. This deficit must be financed by borrowing from other countries or selling more of its currency to the foreign exchange market.
Borrowing from other countries necessitates paying interest on the borrowed amount. A country can only pay off the debt by exporting more goods and services than it imports.Over time, a prolonged current account deficit might result in a reduction in the value of a country's currency relative to other currencies. Because a weak currency can lead to inflation and higher interest rates, it can have a significant impact on the economy.
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An investor is considering the relative risks associated with two projects. The first project has a mean expected profit of £5000 with a standard deviation of £707.11. The second project has a mean expected profit of £500 with a standard deviation of £212.13. Use the coefficient of variation to establish which project has the lower degree of risk.
Based on the coefficient of variation (CV), the first project with a CV of 14.14 has a lower degree of risk compared to the second project with a CV of 42.43.
To establish which project has the lower degree of risk, we can utilize the coefficient of variation (CV), which measures the relative risk of an investment by comparing the standard deviation to the mean. The formula for a CV is:
CV = (Standard Deviation / Mean) * 100
Let's calculate the CV for both projects:
For the first project:
Mean = £5000
Standard Deviation = £707.11
CV1 = (707.11 / 5000) * 100 = 14.14
For the second project:
Mean = £500
Standard Deviation = £212.13
CV2 = (212.13 / 500) * 100 = 42.43
Comparing the CVs of both projects, we find that CV1 (14.14) is significantly lower than CV2 (42.43). The coefficient of variation reflects the risk per unit of return. A lower CV indicates a lower degree of risk relative to the expected return. Therefore, the first project has a lower degree of risk compared to the second project.
Investors typically prefer investments with lower risk, as it provides a more predictable outcome and reduces the likelihood of significant losses. However, risk preferences may vary depending on the investor's risk tolerance and investment objectives.
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A firm finds that whether it produces 30.000 vases or 40,000 vases, its average total cost is $180. This observed pattern might be explained by: diseconomies of scale. diminishing marginal productivity. constant returns to scale. economies of scale.
The observed pattern of the firm having the same average total cost of $180 regardless of whether it produces 30,000 vases or 40,000 vases suggests that the firm is experiencing constant returns to scale.
Constant returns to scale occur when the firm's output increases proportionally to its inputs, resulting in no change in average total cost. In this case, the firm is maintaining the same level of efficiency and productivity regardless of the scale of production. As the firm increases its production from 30,000 vases to 40,000 vases, the average total cost remains constant at $180, indicating that the firm is able to achieve economies of scale without any significant increase in cost.
This finding is contrary to the concept of diseconomies of scale, where the firm experiences an increase in average total cost as it expands production. Diminishing marginal productivity would result in a higher average total cost as the firm increases its output, but in this case, the cost remains the same. Therefore, these options can be ruled out.
The explanation of constant returns to scale aligns with the observation that the firm is maintaining the same average total cost at different production levels. It suggests that the firm is efficiently utilizing its resources, experiencing economies of scale, and achieving consistent cost efficiency as it scales up its production.
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Which of the following is an internal control procedure used to safeguard a company's assets? a. Depositing cash receipts in a bank on a timely basis b. Segregation of duties c. Preparing a bank reconciliation d. All of these answer choices are correct
Answer:
d. All of these answer choices are correct.
All of the listed options are internal control procedures used to safeguard a company's assets. Depositing cash receipts in a bank on a timely basis helps prevent the misappropriation or loss of cash. Segregation of duties involves dividing responsibilities among different individuals to reduce the risk of fraud and error. Preparing a bank reconciliation ensures that the company's records match the bank's records and helps identify discrepancies or fraudulent activities. Implementing all of these procedures together strengthens internal controls and safeguards the company's assets.
Explanation:
All of the following answer choices are correct that is an internal control procedure used to safeguard a company's assets: Depositing cash receipts in a bank on a timely basis Segregation of duties Preparing a bank reconciliation Internal control procedures are measures taken by an organization to safeguard its assets, provide reliable financial information, promote efficiency, and ensure adherence to laws and regulations.
Therefore, all of these answer choices are correct that is an internal control procedure used to safeguard a company's assets: Depositing cash receipts in a bank on a timely basis, Segregation of duties, and Preparing a bank reconciliation.
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Which of the following types of alliances can be formed between a company and a foreign government?
A) international joint venture
B) equity strategic alliance
C) non-equity strategic alliance
D) global strategic alliance
International joint ventures can be formed between a company and a foreign government. The correct option is A.
For the purpose of creating a new company that serves a particular market or industry both parties in this kind of alliance contribute resources, knowledge and money. The foreign government might have a personal stake in encouraging technological exchange, job creation or economic growth within its borders.
The business and the foreign government can pool their resources, use their individual strengths and share risks and benefits in pursuing common business goals by establishing an international joint venture. A deeper level of integration and collaboration between the company and the foreign government is made possible by this kind of alliance allowing both parties to more closely cooperate in the pursuit of common objectives. The correct option is A.
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dan bought a hotel for $2,600,000 in january 2018. in may 2022 he died and left the hotel to ed. while dan owned the hotel, he deducted $289,000 of cost recovery. the fair market value in may 2022 was $2,800,000. what is the basis of the property to ed?$2,600,000$2,800,000$2,321,000$289,000
Dan bought a hotel for $2,600,000 in January 2018. He died in May 2022 and left the hotel to Ed. While Dan owned the hotel, he deducted $289,000 of cost recovery. The fair market value in May 2022 was $2,800,000. In this case, the basis of the property to Ed can be calculated as follows:
We need to determine the adjusted basis of the hotel when Dan passed away. The adjusted basis of the hotel is calculated by taking the original purchase price and adjusting it for any deductions or improvements made to the property. The cost recovery of $289,000 that Dan deducted should be added back to the basis. Dan bought the hotel for $2,600,000, and he deducted $289,000 of cost recovery.
Therefore, the adjusted basis would be $2,889,000 ($2,600,000 + $289,000).Next, we need to determine the value of the property when Dan passed away. The fair market value of the property is $2,800,000. This value is used to determine the basis for the new owner, Ed. The basis of the property to Ed would be the value of the property at the time of Dan's death or the fair market value of the property, whichever is higher.
In this case, the fair market value of the property is higher than the adjusted basis. Therefore, the basis of the property to Ed would be $2,800,000. Answer: $2,800,000.
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Given the following data for the Grouper Company:
Current liabilities $616
Long-term debt 600
Common stock 744
Retained earnings 1140
Total liabilities & stockholders’ equity $3100
How would common stock appear on a common size balance sheet?
26%
68%
14%
24%
Common stock on a common size balance sheet would appear as 24%.
On a common size balance sheet, the common stock represents the portion of ownership in a company held by shareholders. It is expressed as a percentage of the total liabilities and stockholders' equity. In this case, the common stock value is $744, while the total liabilities and stockholders' equity amount to $3100.
To calculate the common size, we divide the common stock value by the total liabilities and stockholders' equity, which gives us 0.24. Multiplying this by 100, we find that common stock represents 24% of the total liabilities and stockholders' equity on the common size balance sheet.
To calculate the common size of common stock on the balance sheet, divide the common stock value by the total liabilities & stockholders' equity and multiply by 100.
Common stock percentage = (Common stock / Total liabilities & stockholders' equity) * 100
In this case, the calculation would be:
Common stock percentage = (744 / 3100) * 100 = 24%
Therefore, the common stock would appear as 24% on the common size balance sheet.
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Which of the following is a major function of the Board of Directors of a company?
a. Approving decisions made by divisional managers
b. Monitoring line managers
c. Aligning corporate strategy with stockholder interests
d. Creating contracts with suppliers
e. Designing marketing strategies for the company
Aligning corporate strategy with stockholder interests is a major function of the Board of Directors of a company. Option C is the correct answer.
A board of directors is responsible for supervising the administration of the firm and making strategic selections on its behalf. The board is also in charge of establishing the rules that govern the business and making sure that they are adhered to. Option C is the correct answer.
In addition, the board of directors chooses the company's executives and grants significant financial decisions. In order for a firm to succeed, the board of directors is essential. The organization's management must be effective and efficient in order for it to function. The board also sets the company's policy and approves crucial financial choices in addition to making other significant decisions on the company's behalf. High-level corporate executives and outside subject matter specialists often make up the board of directors.
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choosing the rate of output with existing plant and equipment is known as the production decision.
true or false
True. Choosing the rate of output with existing plants and equipment is indeed known as the production decision.
This choice entails calculating the ideal production level for a specific time period using the organization's resources, machines, and equipment. It takes into account factors including resource availability, market demand, manufacturing capacity, and efficiency.
Choosing the right quantity and timing of production to satisfy customer demand while maximizing resource utilization and overall profitability is a critical component of operations management.
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bbbDifferentiate job-order cost accounting from process cost
accounting
Give concrete examples for each
During February, Cardella Manufacturing works on two jobs: A16 and B17. Summary data for these jobs are as follows: Manufacturing Costs Incurred Raw materials purchased on account: $54,000 Factory lab
Job order costing and process costing are the two most common methods of costing in cost accounting. The key difference between the two is that job order costing is used when the product is produced in limited quantities.
And is based on customer orders, while process costing is used when the product is produced in large quantities and follows a continuous production process.
Job order costing is used when products are produced in limited quantities or based on specific customer orders. Every product is distinct and unique, which means that it has a different production cost. Job order costing allocates the total cost of production to a single product or a small batch of products. Example: Construction of buildings, machines, jewelry, etc.
Process cost accounting, on the other hand, is used when products are manufactured in large quantities through a continuous process. The production cost of a single unit is difficult to determine because it is part of the overall cost of production. Process cost accounting breaks down the total cost of production into individual production processes and allocates the cost to each unit produced. Examples of products that may use process costing include beverages, cosmetics, paper products, and other mass-produced items.Example: Cement production, flour milling, oil refining, etc.
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Using CVM, we would like to evaluate the policy effect of reducing the number of fine dust generation days in the metropolitan area to about 2/5 of the current amount. As a result of estimating the model, the WTP is as follows.
WTP=0.057+0.2edu+0.12y-0.14cost+e
WTP is the amount of intention to pay, edu is the level of education, y is the income, cost is the amount of payment for atmospheric improvement, and e is the error term.
In the analysis results, can it be said that those with a high education level have a higher willingness to pay for waiting improvement than those with a lower education level?
CVM stands for Contingent Valuation Method. It is a survey-based technique used to elicit individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for an environmental good or service. CVM is one of the most frequently used methods for assessing non-market values of the environment.
In the given problem, we have a model WTP = 0.057 + 0.2 edu + 0.12 y - 0.14 cost + e where WTP is the willingness to pay, edu is the education level, y is the income, cost is the amount paid for atmospheric improvement, and e is the error term.The coefficients of the variables indicate the marginal willingness to pay for one-unit increase in the variable. For instance, if edu increases by one unit, the willingness to pay will increase by 0.2 units.
Similarly, if cost increases by one unit, the willingness to pay will decrease by 0.14 units.To answer the question: Can it be said that those with a high education level have a higher willingness to pay for waiting improvement than those with a lower education level?Yes, based on the given model, it can be said that those with a high education level have a higher willingness to pay for waiting improvement than those with a lower education level. The coefficient of edu is 0.2, which means that a one-unit increase in edu leads to a 0.2 unit increase in willingness to pay.
Since the other variables are held constant, the education level is the only factor affecting willingness to pay. Hence, individuals with higher education levels will have a higher WTP than those with lower education levels.
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Which of the following is a basic type of process structure? Work center Process flow diagram
Product matrix Process matrix
The basic types of process structures are work center, process flow diagram, product matrix, and process matrix. The correct answer is E) all of these.
In the work center process structure, a single piece of equipment or work center is utilized to perform a single process or operation for several products. It is a popular option for job shop settings that specialize in low volume, customized products. It is also used in industries such as construction, where different types of workers and equipment are required for each task.
A process flow diagram describes the sequence in which tasks or activities are performed. This structure is ideal for high-volume, standardized processes where the product flow is consistent. It is commonly used in manufacturing environments where a product goes through different stages before completion.
A product matrix process structure is used when there are multiple products that require different processes or operations. In this structure, similar products are grouped together based on the type of process required. It is an ideal option for industries such as printing and publishing, where different types of products require unique processes or operations.
A process matrix structure is used when multiple products require multiple processes or operations. This structure is ideal for complex manufacturing processes, where products undergo several stages before completion. It is commonly used in the aerospace and automotive industries, where different parts require multiple processes before final assembly.
Therefore, The correct answer is E) all of these
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Which of the following is a basic type of process structure? A) Work center B) Process flow diagram
C) Product matrix D) Process matrix E) All of these.
1. Explain the guideline for job redesign based on Hackman and
Oldham (1976) in Robbins and Coulter (2009) and its relationship
with large organisations.
2. Discuss the importance of diagnosing and me
1. The guideline for job redesign based on Hackman and Oldham (1976) focuses on five core job dimensions, namely skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback. It suggests that increasing these dimensions in a job can lead to enhanced employee motivation, job satisfaction, and performance. Additionally.
it emphasizes the importance of taking into account an employee's growth needs, psychological states, and individual differences when redesigning a job. Large organizations can benefit significantly from this guideline, as they usually have a diverse workforce with varying needs and expectations. By implementing job redesign based on Hackman and Oldham's guideline.
2. Diagnosing and measuring job satisfaction is essential for organizations to identify the areas where employees need improvement. Understanding employee job satisfaction is vital for organizations to enhance employee morale, reduce employee turnover, and improve overall productivity. This involves identifying and addressing the core job dimensions that employees consider essential for their satisfaction and motivation.
In conclusion, the guideline for job redesign based on Hackman and Oldham's theory is an effective tool for organizations looking to improve employee motivation, satisfaction, and performance. By diagnosing and measuring job satisfaction levels, organizations can identify the areas that need improvement and develop strategies to enhance employee morale and productivity. These practices can lead to a work environment that fosters employee growth and well-being while improving overall organizational performance.
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Using aggregate supply and aggregate demand curves to illustrate, describe the effects of the following events on the price level (P) and on equilibrium real GDP (y) in the long run assuming that input prices fully adjust to output prices after some lag: a. An increase occurs in the money supply above potential GDP b. A decrease in government spending and in the money supply with GDP above potential GDP occurs c. Starting with the economy at potential GDP, a war in the Middle East pushes up energy prices temporarily. The Fed expands the money supply to accommodate the inflation.
Aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves can be used to explain the impacts of various events on the price level (P) and equilibrium real GDP (y). The following are the effects of the following events on the price level and equilibrium real GDP in the long run, given that input prices fully adjust to output prices after some lag
a) In the case of an increase in the money supply above potential GDP, the short-run aggregate supply curve (SRAS) shifts rightward from SRAS to SRAS1, as shown in the graph below. When this happens, the equilibrium moves from E to E1, with a rise in both the price level (P) and equilibrium real GDP (y) (Y1). In the long run, input prices increase proportionally to output prices, resulting in a new equilibrium at E2, which has the same output level as potential GDP and a higher price level (P2).
The increase in the money supply has two effects. In the short run, the interest rate falls, resulting in an increase in spending, raising both the price level and output level. However, in the long run, input prices rise proportionally to output prices, resulting in higher prices but no change in output level.b) A decrease in government spending and the money supply with GDP above potential GDP occurs, causing the SRAS to shift leftward from SRAS to SRAS1. This results in a movement from E to E1, with both price level and equilibrium real GDP decreasing. In the long run, input prices fall proportionally to output prices, resulting in a new equilibrium at E2, which has the same output level as potential GDP and a lower price level (P2).The reduction in government spending and the money supply has two effects. In the short run, the interest rate increases, causing a decrease in spending, resulting in lower prices and output. However, in the long run, input prices fall proportionally to output prices, resulting in lower prices but no change in output level.c) Starting with the economy at potential GDP, a war in the Middle East pushes up energy prices temporarily. The Fed expands the money supply to accommodate inflation. The SRAS shifts leftward, causing the equilibrium to move from E to E1, with both price level and equilibrium real GDP rising. The Fed accommodates inflation by raising the money supply, which lowers the interest rate and raises spending, resulting in higher prices and output. In the long run, input prices rise proportionally to output prices, resulting in a new equilibrium at E2, which has the same output level as potential GDP and a higher price level (P2).The Fed's expansion of the money supply has two effects. In the short run, it lowers the interest rate and raises spending, resulting in higher prices and output. However, in the long run, input prices rise proportionally to output prices, resulting in higher prices but no change in output level.
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select the treatment of choice for identity crisis.
The treatment of choice for identity crisis is psychotherapy. Through therapy, individuals can explore and understand their sense of self, values, and beliefs, ultimately leading to a more cohesive and authentic identity.
In psychotherapy, individuals can engage in various approaches such as psychodynamic therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), or existential therapy. The therapist provides a safe and supportive environment for individuals to explore their identity, clarify their values, and address any underlying issues that contribute to the crisis. This process may involve self-reflection, exploration of personal history, examination of relationships and social influences, and developing coping strategies.
Psychotherapy allows individuals to gain insight into their identity struggles, make decisions that align with their authentic self, and develop a more coherent sense of identity, promoting personal growth and well-being.
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Talk therapy is the best way to seek help when experiencing an identity crisis. Therapy gives you the space to ask and process questions you may be struggling with, identify your strengths and values, do self-esteem work, and process what may have happened that led to the identity crisis itself.26-Apr-2022
Indicate in each independent case whether the is to be debited (DR) or to be credited (CR). Write your answer on your activity notebook. 1. Increase in accounts Payable 2. Decrease in Owner's Equity 3. Increase in Service Revenue 4. Increase in Cash 5. Decrease in Accounts Receivable B. Direction: Journalize the following transactions of ABC Consultancy Services for the month of June 2020.
Indicating whether there is an increase or decrease in the account of a company is one of the things that must be done to ensure that the company's finances are in check. In this question, we are tasked to indicate whether an account is to be debited or credited as follows:
1. Increase in accounts Payable When there is an increase in accounts payable, it means that the company owes more money. To record this, we would need to increase the accounts payable account. This means that we will need to credit the account of accounts payable. Therefore, the account is to be credited.
2. Decrease in Owner's EquityA decrease in owner's equity would mean that the company owes less money. Since this is a decrease, we would need to decrease the owner's equity account. The owner's equity is in the credit side of the account. Therefore, the account is to be debited.
3. Increase in Service RevenueAn increase in service revenue means that the company has earned more money. Since the revenue account is in the credit side, we would need to credit the account to indicate that we have an increase in the account. Therefore, the account is to be credited.
4. Increase in CashAn increase in cash means that the company has more cash. Since the cash account is on the debit side, we would need to debit the account to indicate that there is an increase in cash. Therefore, the account is to be debited.
5. Decrease in Accounts ReceivableA decrease in accounts receivable means that the company is owed less money. Since the accounts receivable account is on the debit side, we would need to credit the account to indicate that there is a decrease in accounts receivable.
Therefore, the account is to be credited.B. Direction: Journalize the following transactions of ABC Consultancy Services for the month of June 2020.
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What is the expected standard deviation of stock A's returns based on the information presented in the table? Outcome Probability of outcome TStock A return in outcome Good TON 2010 Medium TO 1300 low 21.27% (plus or minus 0.10 percentage points) b. 40.00w (plus or minus 0.10 percentage points) c.25.61 (plus or minus 0.10 percentage points) d. 32.66 plus or minus 0.10 percentage points) The expected standard deviation cannot be estimated because the probability of the bad outcome is not given or the standard deviation can be computed from the given information, but none of the above is within 0.10 percentage points of the correct answer
The correct option is b. 208.45 (plus or minus 0.10 percentage points). It measures the average difference between each value in the dataset and the mean value.
Given: Outcome Probability of outcome T, Stock A return in outcome Good TON 2010 Medium TO 1300 low 21.27% (plus or minus 0.10 percentage points), The expected standard deviation of Stock A's returns can be computed from the given information. In probability theory and statistics, the standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values or a probability distribution. It measures the average difference between each value in the dataset and the mean value.
Where N is the number of observations, x¯ is the sample mean and xi is the i-th observation.
So, the expected standard deviation of Stock A's returns based on the information presented in the table can be computed as follows:
Expected return = (0.2127 x 2010) + (0.4 x 1300) + (0.3873 x 800)
Expected return = 426.57 + 520 + 310.184
Expected return = 1256.75
Now, calculate the variance:
Variance = (0.2127 x (2010-1256.75)²) + (0.4 x (1300-1256.75)²) + (0.3873 x (800-1256.75)²)
Variance = 43454.29
Finally, compute the standard deviation as follows:
Standard deviation = √43454.29
≈ 208.45
Thus, the expected standard deviation of Stock A's returns is 208.45.
Therefore, the correct option is b. 208.45 (plus or minus 0.10 percentage points).
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A company’s free cash flow was just FCF0 = $1.50 million. The weighted average cost of capital is WACC = 10.1%, and the constant growth rate is g = 4.0%. What is the current value of operations?
Please explain in detail how you arrive at the answer.
The current value of operations is approximately $25.57 million.
To calculate the current value of operations, we can use the free cash flow to the firm (FCFF) valuation model, which takes into account the free cash flow, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), and the growth rate.
The formula for calculating the current value of operations using the FCFF model is:
Current Value of Operations = FCFF1 / (WACC - g)
Where:
FCFF1 represents the expected free cash flow to the firm in the next period.
WACC is the weighted average cost of capital.
g is the constant growth rate.
In this case, we are given:
FCF0 = $1.50 million (the initial free cash flow)
WACC = 10.1% (the weighted average cost of capital)
g = 4.0% (the constant growth rate)
To find the FCFF1, we can use the constant growth rate formula:
FCFF1 = FCF0 * (1 + g)
Plugging in the given values:
FCFF1 = $1.50 million * (1 + 0.04)
FCFF1 = $1.50 million * 1.04
FCFF1 = $1.56 million
Now we can substitute the values into the formula to find the current value of operations:
Current Value of Operations = $1.56 million / (0.101 - 0.04)
Current Value of Operations = $1.56 million / 0.061
Current Value of Operations ≈ $25.57 million
Therefore, the current value of operations is approximately $25.57 million.
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Cobe Company has manufactured 205 partially finished cabinets at a cost of $51,250. These can be sold as is for $61,500. Instead, the cabinets can be stained and fitted with hardware to make finished
Cobe Company should process the cabinets further as it would generate higher income.
Should Cobe Company sell the cabinets as is or process them further?To analyze the income effects, we will compare the income from selling the cabinets as is with the income from processing them further and selling them as finished cabinets.
Income from selling the cabinets as is:
Revenue = $61,500
Cost = $51,250
Income = Revenue - Cost
Income = $61,500 - $51,250
Income = $10,250
Income from processing the cabinets further:
Revenue = $82,000
Cost = $51,250 + $12,300
Cost = $63,550
Income = Revenue - Cost
Income = $82,000 - $63,550
Income = $18,450
Therefore, the income from selling the finished cabinets would be $18,450 whereas selling the cabinets as is would only result in an income of $10,250.
Full question:
Cobe Company has manufactured 205 partially finished cabinets at a cost of $51,250. These can be sold as is for $61,500. Instead, the cabinets can be stained and fitted with hardware to make finished cabinets. Further processing costs would be $12,300, and the finished cabinets could be sold for $82,000. Prepare a sell as is or process further analysis of income effects
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Let us add the government to the Solow model. Suppose that a government purchases goods in the amount of g per worker every year; with N, workers in year t, total government purchases are gN . The government has a balanced budget so that its tax revenue in year t, Tt equals total government purchases. Total national saving is St, St= s(Yt- Tt), where Yt, is total output and s is the saving rate.
a. Graphically show the steady state for the initial level of government purchases per worker.
b. Suppose that the government permanently increases its purchases per worker. What are the effects on the steady-state levels of capital per worker, output per worker, and consumption per worker?
c. Does your result imply that the optimal level of government purchases is zero?
a. The game in normal form can be represented as follows:
| Boeing Price War | Boeing Peaceful |
---------------------------------------------------------
Airbus Enter | -$100M, -$100M | $300M, $300M |
---------------------------------------------------------
Airbus Stay Out | $1B, 0 | 0, 0 |
The Nash equilibrium is for Airbus to enter and for Boeing to choose the peaceful competition strategy. Both firms earn $300 million in profit, which is their best possible outcome given the choices of the other firm.
b. The game tree for this game can be represented as follows:
Boeing
/ \
Price War Peaceful
/ \ / \
-$100M, -$100M $300M, $300M
/ \
Airbus Airbus
/ \ / \
Enter Stay Out Enter Stay Out
/ \ / \
$1B, 0 0, 0 $300M, $300M 0, 0
The equilibrium path on the game tree is: Airbus Enter -> Boeing Peaceful.
The Subgame Perfect Nash Equilibrium is for Airbus to enter and for Boeing to choose the peaceful competition strategy. This is because, at every decision node, both firms choose their best response given the choices of the other firm.
c. There are no Nash equilibria that are not sensible in this scenario. Both firms have a clear incentive to avoid a price war and choose the peaceful competition strategy. A price war would result in losses for both firms, while the peaceful competition strategy allows them to earn positive profits. Therefore, the chosen Nash equilibrium is sensible and aligns with the rational behavior of the firms.
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Which statement is most correct concerning the aggregate planning strategies of Level, Chase, and Mixed?
Statement A. A Chase Demand aggregate planning strategy has the most control over Labor.
Statement B. A Level Capacity aggregate planning strategy has the most control over Inventory.
Statement C. A Mixed aggregate planning strategy does not have most control over Inventory or Labor.
Statement D. All of the above
Statements E. None of the above.
A Mixed aggregate planning strategy does not have most control over Inventory or Labor.Aggregate planning strategies involve making decisions to balance demand and supply for a company’s products or services. The correct statement concerning the aggregate planning strategies of Level, Chase, and Mixed is Statement C
The three most common strategies are level, chase, and mixed.Level strategy attempts to maintain a consistent level of production or workforce over time regardless of fluctuating demand. Chase strategy adjusts production and workforce levels to match changes in demand.
Mixed strategy combines elements of both level and chase strategies.In terms of control over inventory and labor, the level strategy has the most control over inventory since it maintains a consistent level of production. The chase strategy has the most control over labor since it adjusts workforce levels to match demand.
Therefore, Statement C is the most correct concerning the aggregate planning strategies of Level, Chase, and Mixed.
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Alternative Dividend Policies Boehm Corporation has had stable earnings growth of 7% a year for the past 10 years, and in 2019 Boehm paid dividends of $8 million on net income of $20 million. However, net income is expected to grow by 32% in 2020, and Boehm plans to invest $14.5 million in a plant expansion. This one-time unusual earnings growth won't be maintained, though, and after 2020 Boehm will return to its previous 7% earnings growth rate. Its target debt ratio is 35%. Boehm has 1 million shares of stock. a. Calculate Boehm's dividend per share for 2020 under each of the following policies: 1. Its 2020 dividend payment is set to force dividends per share to grow at the long-run growth rate in earnings. Round your answer to the nearest cent. $ ____
2. It continues the 2019 dividend payout ratio. Round your answer to the nearest cent. $ _____
3. It uses a pure residual policy with all distributions in the form of dividends (35% of the $14.5 million investment is financed with debt). Round your answer to the nearest cent. $ _____
4. It employs a regular-dividend-plus-extras policy, with the regular dividend being based on the long-run growth rate and the extra dividend being set according to the residual policy. What will the extra dividend be? Round your answer to the nearest cent. $ ___ b. Which of the preceding policies would you recommend?
a. Boehm's dividend per share for 2020 under each of the following policies are
1. Its 2020 dividend payment is set to force dividends per share to grow at the long-run growth rate in earnings. $8.56.
2. It continues the 2019 dividend payout ratio. $8.
3. It uses a pure residual policy with all distributions in the form of dividends (35% of the $14.5 million investment is financed with debt). $6.7.
4. It employs a regular-dividend-plus-extras policy, with the regular dividend being based on the long-run growth rate and the extra dividend being set according to the residual policy. The extra dividend be $10.08.
b. Of the preceding policies the recommended policy would be the regular-dividend-plus-extras policy.
a. The following shows the calculation of Boehm Corporation’s dividend per share for 2020 under each of the four policies:
Policy 1: Dividends Per Share = Dividends Paid in 2019 × (1 + Long-Run Earnings Growth Rate) = $8,000,000 × (1 + 7%) = $8,560,000
Dividend Per Share = $8,560,000 ÷ 1,000,000 = $8.56
Policy 2: Dividend Payout Ratio = Dividends Paid ÷ Net Income
Dividends Paid in 2020 = Dividend Payout Ratio × Net Income = $8,000,000 ÷ $20,000,000 = 0.4
Dividends Per Share = Dividends Paid in 2020 ÷ Number of Shares = $8,000,000 ÷ 1,000,000 = $8
Policy 3: Investment in Plant Expansion = $14.5 million
Debt Ratio = 35%
Debt Financing = Debt Ratio × Investment = 35% × $14.5 million = $5.075 million
Equity Financing = $14.5 million – $5.075 million = $9.425 million
Dividend = Net Income – Investment = $20 million × (1 – 35%) – $14.5 million = $6.7 million
Dividends Per Share = Dividend ÷ Number of Shares = $6,700,000 ÷ 1,000,000 = $6.7
Policy 4: Regular Dividend = Dividends Paid in 2019 × (1 + Long-Run Earnings Growth Rate) = $8,000,000 × (1 + 7%) = $8,560,000
Residual Dividend = Net Income – (Target Equity Ratio × Total Investment) = $20 million – (65% × $14.5 million) = $10.075 million
Extra Dividend Per Share = Residual Dividend ÷ Number of Shares = $10,075,000 ÷ 1,000,000 = $10.08
b. The policy that I would recommend to Boehm Corporation would be the regular-dividend-plus-extras policy because it is the most flexible. It allows Boehm to have a regular dividend that is in line with its long-term earnings growth, while also giving it the option to distribute the excess earnings as an extra dividend. This policy can help maintain investor confidence by providing a steady dividend income, and also enable Boehm to distribute the excess earnings to shareholders when the earnings growth rate is unusually high.
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