The weight of laboratory grasshoppers follows a Normal distribution, with a mean of 90 grams and a standard deviation of 2 grams. What percentage of the grasshoppers weigh between 86 grams and 94 grams

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

95.44% of the grasshoppers weigh between 86 grams and 94 grams.

Step-by-step explanation:

Normal Probability Distribution:

Problems of normal distributions can be solved using the z-score formula.

In a set with mean [tex]\mu[/tex] and standard deviation [tex]\sigma[/tex], the z-score of a measure X is given by:

[tex]Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}[/tex]

The Z-score measures how many standard deviations the measure is from the mean. After finding the Z-score, we look at the z-score table and find the p-value associated with this z-score. This p-value is the probability that the value of the measure is smaller than X, that is, the percentile of X. Subtracting 1 by the p-value, we get the probability that the value of the measure is greater than X.

Mean of 90 grams and a standard deviation of 2 grams.

This means that [tex]\mu = 90, \sigma = 2[/tex]

What percentage of the grasshoppers weigh between 86 grams and 94 grams?

The proportion is the p-value of Z when X = 94 subtracted by the p-value of Z when X = 86. So

X = 94

[tex]Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}[/tex]

[tex]Z = \frac{94 - 90}{2}[/tex]

[tex]Z = 2[/tex]

[tex]Z = 2[/tex] has a p-value of 0.9772.

X = 86

[tex]Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}[/tex]

[tex]Z = \frac{86 - 90}{2}[/tex]

[tex]Z = -2[/tex]

[tex]Z = -2[/tex] has a p-value of 0.0228.

0.9772 - 0.0228 = 0.9544

0.9544*100% = 95.44%

95.44% of the grasshoppers weigh between 86 grams and 94 grams.


Related Questions

#6 - 8 ASAP first answer gets brainliest

Answers

Answer:

6. 8 in.²

7. 47.6 m²

9. 20 cm²

Step-by-step explanation:

6. Area of triangle = ½*base*height

base = 4 in.

height = 4 in.

Area = ½*4*4

Area = 2*4

Area = 8 in.²

7. Area of triangle = ½*base*height

base = 13.6 m

height = 7 m

Area = ½*13.6*7

Area = 47.6 m²

9. Area of the shaded figure = area of triangle + area of rectangle

= ½*b*h + L*W

b = 2 cm

h = 4 cm

L = 8 cm

W = 2 cm

Area of the shaded figure = ½*2*4 + 8*2

= 4 + 16

= 20 cm²

Find the sum sn of the arithmetic sequence a7=14/3 d=-4/3 n=15

Answers

Answer:

[tex]S_{15}= 50[/tex]

Step-by-step explanation:

Given

[tex]a_7 = \frac{14}{3}[/tex]

[tex]d = -\frac{4}{3}[/tex]

[tex]n = 15[/tex]

Required

The sum of n terms

First, we calculate the first term using:

[tex]a_n = a + (n - 1)d[/tex]

Let [tex]n = 7[/tex]

So, we have:

[tex]a_7 = a + (7 - 1)d[/tex]

[tex]a_7 = a + 6d[/tex]

Substitute [tex]a_7 = \frac{14}{3}[/tex] and [tex]d = -\frac{4}{3}[/tex]

[tex]\frac{14}{3} = a + 6*\frac{-4}{3}[/tex]

[tex]\frac{14}{3} = a -8[/tex]

Collect like terms

[tex]a =\frac{14}{3} +8[/tex]

Take LCM and solve

[tex]a =\frac{14+24}{3}[/tex]

[tex]a =\frac{38}{3}[/tex]

The sum of n terms is then calculated as:

[tex]S_n = \frac{n}{2}(2a + (n - 1)d)[/tex]

Where: [tex]n = 15[/tex]

So, we have:

[tex]S_n = \frac{15}{2}(2*\frac{38}{3} + (15 - 1)*\frac{-4}{3})[/tex]

[tex]S_n = \frac{15}{2}(2*\frac{38}{3} + 14 *\frac{-4}{3})[/tex]

[tex]S_n = \frac{15}{2}(2*\frac{38}{3} - 14 *\frac{4}{3})[/tex]

[tex]S_n = \frac{15}{2}(\frac{2*38}{3} - \frac{14 *4}{3})[/tex]

Take LCM

[tex]S_n = \frac{15}{2}(\frac{2*38-14 *4}{3})[/tex]

[tex]S_n = \frac{15}{2}(\frac{20}{3})[/tex]

Open bracket

[tex]S_n = \frac{15*20}{2*3}[/tex]

[tex]S_n = \frac{300}{6}[/tex]

[tex]S_n = 50[/tex]

Hence,

[tex]S_{15}= 50[/tex]

birth weights in norway are normally distributed with a mean of 3570 g and a standard deviation of 500g. if the hospital officials plan to require special treatment for the lightest 3% of newborn babies, what birth weight seperates those requiring special treatment from those who do not

Answers

Answer:

2630 g

Step-by-step explanation:

From the given information:

Given that:

mean (μ) = 3750 g

Standard deviation (σ) = 500

Suppose the hospital officials demand special treatment with a percentage of  lightest 3% (0.03) for newborn babies;

Then, the weight of birth that differentiates the babies that needed special treatment from those that do not can be computed as follows;

P(Z < z₁) = 0.03

Using the Excel Formula; =NORMSINV(0.03) = -1.88

z₁ = - 1.88

Using the test statistics z₁ formula:

[tex]z_1 = \dfrac{X-\mu}{\sigma}[/tex]

[tex]-1.88 = \dfrac{X-3570}{500}[/tex]

By cross multiply, we have:

-1.88 × 500 = X - 3570

-940 = X - 3570

-X = -3570 + 940

-X = -2630

X = 2630 g

Hence, 2630 g is the required weight of birth   that differentiates the babies that needed special treatment from those that do not

Find the missing length. The triangles in each pair are similar.

Answers

I think the answer should be 12

this is because CH length is 6 x 5 is 30 so 60/5 is 12 for BH.

how to expand (3x-4y)^6 ​

Answers

Steps
(3x·​ 4y)(2x−3y)
Apply the distributive law: a(b−c)=ab−ac
(3x· 4y)(2x−3y)=​3x· 4y· 2x−3x· 4y· 3y
=3x· 4y· 2x−3x· 4y· 3y
Show Steps
Simplify 3x· 4y· 2x−3x· 4y· 3y: 24x2y−36xy2
=24x2y−36xy2



in the triangle EFG,

Answers

Answer:

[tex]4.\ \sin E = \cos G[/tex]

Step-by-step explanation:

Given

[tex]\triangle EFG[/tex]

[tex]\angle F = 90^o[/tex] --- right angle

Required

Which of the options is true

In a triangle, we have:

[tex]\angle E + \angle F + \angle G = 180^o[/tex] --- angles in a triangle

Substitute [tex]\angle F = 90^o[/tex]

[tex]\angle E + 90^o + \angle G = 180^o[/tex]

Collect like terms

[tex]\angle E + \angle G = 180^o -90^o[/tex]

[tex]\angle E + \angle G =90^o[/tex]

This implies that E and G are complementary angles.

For complementary angles, E and G;

[tex]\sin E = \cos G[/tex] and [tex]\sin G = \cos E[/tex]

Hence, (4) is true

Can someone please answer

Answers

Answer:

6 - 5 = 7 - 61 = 1   (TRUE)

Step-by-step explanation:

13 - 6 = 6 - 1

7 = 5  (FALSE)

-----------------------------

6 - 5 = 7 - 6

1 = 1   (TRUE)

------------------------------

8 - 4 = 11 - 8

4 = 3  (FALSE)

HELP!! these two questions I've been stuck on! Please help!​

Answers

5) 49/121 or 0.404958677850

6) 1/36 or 0.027

Given: mĐIED = 116° and mÐJFG = 100° Find the measure of each unknown angle. (not drawn to scale) O m​

Answers

Answer:

B is the answer

Step-by-step explanation:

Find the slope please and thank you!! :))

Answers

Answer:

3/2

Step-by-step explanation:

(y-y)/(x-x)=-1+7/2+2=6/4=3/2

Answer:

Slope = 1.5

Step-by-step explanation:

m = (y₂ -y₁) / (x₂-x₁)

m = (-1+7) / (2+2)

m = 1.5

What is a dialation?
A Making a shape bigger or smaller based on a scale factor.
A slide of a point in a certain direction.
A turn of a point around the origin.
A flip of a point across a line.

Answers

A. Making a shape bigger or smaller based on a scale factor

Ignore the answer I put please help and I’ll give brainliest

Answers

Answer:

B.

Step-by-step explanation:

3/12 reduces to 1/4.

1/2 alone is greater than 1/4, so when 2/10 is added to 1/2, it is certainly greater than 3/12.

Answer: B.

In the triangle below, suppose that m angle L=(5x-3)m angle M=(4x-7)^ , and m angle N=x Find the degree measure of each angle in the triangle .

Please I need this done in 15 minutes !!!!!

Answers

Because all angles adds up to 180 we are going to add the equations and equal it to 180.

5x - 3 + 4x - 7 + x = 180
5x + 4x + x - 3 - 7 = 180
10x - 10 = 180
10x = 180 + 10
10x / 10 = 190/10
x = 19 degrees

5x - 3
5(19) - 3 = 92 degrees

4x - 7
4(19) - 7 = 69 degrees

angle L = 92 degrees
angle M = 69 degrees
angle N = 19 degrees

By what percent will a fraction decrease if its numerator is decreased by 40% and its denominator is decreased by 25%?

Answers

Answer: 80%

Step-by-step explanation:

Hence, if the numerator is decreased by 40% and the denominator is decreased by 25%, the original fraction is decreased by 80 percent.

Please help me find the answer

Answers

-2x-1 fofnfofnfigmgkggkgmg

A family of pdf's that has been used to approximate the distribution of income, city population size, and size of firms is the Pareto family. One such member of the Pareto family is the following pdf.
f(x) = { c//x^3 x≥2
0 x<2
Find the mean of X.
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 5
(d) 6
(e) 4

Answers

Answer:

[tex]Mean = 4[/tex]

Step-by-step explanation:

Given

[tex]f(x) =\left \{ {{\frac{c}{x^3} \ x\ge 2} \atop {0\ x<2}} \right.[/tex]

Required

The mean of x

Given that:

[tex]f(x) = \frac{c}{x^3}[/tex]     [tex]x \ge 2[/tex]

First, solve for c using;

[tex]\int\limits^a_b {f(x)} \, dx = 1[/tex]

Substitute [tex]f(x) = \frac{c}{x^3}[/tex] and [tex]x \ge 2[/tex]

[tex]\int\limits^{\infty}_2 {\frac{c}{x^3}} \, dx = 1[/tex]

Isolate c

[tex]c\int\limits^{\infty}_2 {\frac{1}{x^3}} \, dx = 1[/tex]

Rewrite as:

[tex]c\int\limits^{\infty}_2 {x^{-3}} \, dx = 1[/tex]

[tex]c[\frac{x^{-3+1}}{-3 +1}]|\limits^{\infty}_2 = 1[/tex]

[tex]c[\frac{x^{-2}}{-2}]|\limits^{\infty}_2 = 1[/tex]

[tex]-\frac{c}{2} [x^{-2}]|\limits^{\infty}_2 = 1[/tex]

Expand

[tex]-\frac{c}{2} [{\infty}^{-2} - {2}^{-2}]= 1[/tex]

[tex]-\frac{c}{2} [0 - \frac{1}{4}]= 1[/tex]

[tex]-\frac{c}{2} *- \frac{1}{4}= 1[/tex]

[tex]\frac{c}{8}= 1[/tex]

Solve for c

[tex]x = 8 * 1[/tex]

[tex]x = 8[/tex]

So, we have:

[tex]f(x) = \frac{c}{x^3}[/tex]     [tex]x \ge 2[/tex]

[tex]f(x) = \frac{8}{x^3}[/tex]     [tex]x \ge 2[/tex]

So, the mean is calculated as:

[tex]Mean = \int\limits^a_b {x * f(x)} \, dx[/tex]

This gives;

[tex]Mean = \int\limits^{\infty}_2 {x * \frac{8}{x^3}} \, dx[/tex]

[tex]Mean = \int\limits^{\infty}_2 {\frac{8}{x^2}} \, dx[/tex]

[tex]Mean = 8\int\limits^{\infty}_2 {\frac{1}{x^2}} \, dx[/tex]

Rewrite as:

[tex]Mean = 8\int\limits^{\infty}_2 {x^{-2} \, dx[/tex]

Integrate

[tex]Mean = 8 {\frac{x^{-2+1}}{-2+1}|\limits^{\infty}_2[/tex]

[tex]Mean = 8 {\frac{x^{-1}}{-1}}|\limits^{\infty}_2[/tex]

[tex]Mean = -8x^{-1}|\limits^{\infty}_2[/tex]

Expand

[tex]Mean = -8[(\infty)^{-1} - 2^{-1}][/tex]

[tex]Mean = -8[0 - \frac{1}{2}][/tex]

[tex]Mean = -8* - \frac{1}{2}[/tex]

[tex]Mean = 8* \frac{1}{2}[/tex]

[tex]Mean = 4[/tex]

A sector of a circle has a diameter of 12 feet and an angle of 3pi/4 radians. Find the area of the sector.

Answers

Answer:

42.39 ft²

Step-by-step explanation:

area of sector= 3/8 × 3.14 × 6²

= 42.39 ft²

The area of the sector is 42.39 ft²

Given that, a sector of a circle has a diameter of 12 feet and an angle of 3pi/4 radians, we need to find the area of the sector,

Area of the sector = θ/360° / π·radius²

area of sector= 3/8 × 3.14 × 6²

= 42.39 ft²

Hence, the  area of the sector is 42.39 ft²

Learn more about the sector of the circle, click;

https://brainly.com/question/15591260

#SPJ2

6.b.Find the equation of the circle lies on 2x-3y+1=0 and the circle passing through the points (-1,2) and (2,3).​

Answers

Answer:

(x + 1)² + (y - 7)² = 25

Step-by-step explanation:

Perpendicular bisector of the chord connecting the the points (-1,2) and (2,3) is also passing through the center of the circle.

We'll find the equation of the line and solve the system to find the center.

Midpoint of the chord:

((-1 + 2)/2, (2 + 3)/2) = (0.5, 2.5)

Equation of the line through chord (-1,2) and (2,3):

m = (3 - 2)/(2 + 1) = 1/3y - 2 = 1/3(x + 1)y = 1/3x + 7/3

Perpendicular bisector is:

y - 2.5 = -3(x - 0.5)y = -3x + 4         >> (1)

And the given line is:

2x - 3y + 1 = 0y = 2/3x + 1/3    >> (2)

Solve the system:

-3x + 4 = 2/3x + 1/3-9x + 12 = 2x + 111x = -11x = -1

Find y:

y = -3(-1) + 4 = 3 + 4 = 7

The center is (-1, 7)

Find the radius, the distance from center to one of points on circle

(-1, 7) and (-1, 2) 7 - 2 = 5

The equation of circle is:

(x + 1)² + (y - 7)² = 5²(x + 1)² + (y - 7)² = 25

Hope This Helps!!!

Hope This Helps!!!Have A GREAT DAY!!!

PLEASE HELP
what is the perimeter of a quadrilateral with vertices at (1,5), (6,5), (1,11), and (6,11)? enter the answer in the Ⴆσx

Answers

Answer:

perimeter = 25.62 units

Step-by-step explanation:

Let the quadrilateral be ABCD

A = (1, 5), B = (6, 5), C= (1, 11) , D = (6, 11)

To find the perimeter we need to add the lengths of sides AB , BC, CD, and AD.

Lets find the length of all sides using distance formula;

[tex]distance = \sqrt{(x_1-x_2)^2+(y_1-y_2)^2}[/tex]

[tex]AB = \sqrt{(1-6)^2+(5-5)^2} = \sqrt{25} = 5units\\\\BC= \sqrt{(6-1)^2+(5-11)^2} = \sqrt{25+36} =\sqrt{61} units\\\\CD=\sqrt{(1-6)^2 + (11-11)^2} = \sqrt{25} = 5units\\\\AD = \sqrt{(1-6)^2+(5-11)^2} = \sqrt{25+36} = \sqrt{61}units[/tex]

Perimeter = AB + BC + CD + AD

               [tex]=10 + 2\sqrt{61} units[/tex] = 25.62 units

a garden and a bench cost 725 combined. the garden table cost 75 more than the bench. What is the cost of the bench

Answers

Answer: feugfberuyvfeygcreuyug

Step-by-step hththrhfhr

____ 2. The set of numbers {9, 8, 7, …}
A. x > ‐4
B. x < ‐4
C. x >_ ‐4
D.x <_ ‐4

Answers

Answer:

A. x > -4

Step-by-step explanation:

< less than

>greater than

the unknown number x is greater than -4

{9, 8, 7, ...} the number is counting down. So the next number is 6.

is 6 greater than -4

or less than -4

therefore

x(which is 6) is greater than -4

x > -4

Answer:

c

Step-by-step explanation:

Consider the equation y=-x2 - 7x + 12. Determine whether the function has a
maximum or a minimum value. State the maximum or minimum value. What are
the domain and range of the function?

Answers

Answer:

Max (-7/2, 97/4)

Domain: all real numbers

Range: (negative infinity, 97/4)

Step-by-step explanation:

Im assuming this is a quadratic equation y = -x^2-7x+12

The max/min are the vertex (-b/2a)

Suppose the line with slope 1 crosses the x -axis at x=2.

(a) Find the equation of the line in slope-intercept form and enter the answer in the space:

(b) What is the y -intercept of the graph of the line? Enter your answer in the space:

Answers

Answer:

a. y=x-2     b. -2

Step-by-step explanation:

a.) if the slope is 1, the x-int is always the negative of the y-int so y=x-2

b.) in y=mb+b (slope intercept form) b is the y-int so -2

Brainliest Plz??

16 meters of rope, i want to cut pieces of rope 0.2meters long. how many pieces can cut?​

Answers

Answer:

80

Step-by-step explanation:

because 16 decided by 0.2 is 80

hope this helps!!!!

PLEASE HELP I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEESTTTT

Answers

Yea is A because I know

The total points scored for the Warriors basketball team for each game during the season were 42, 20, 13, 64, 27, 35, 45, 40, 23, 12, 12, and 39. What is the standard deviation (6x)? A) 15.31 points B) 31 points © 15.99 points D) 12 points​

Answers

Answer:

A. 15.31

I did the standard deviation calculator and this is what I got

13 of 20 QID: 26864 What is the radius of a right circular cylinder with a volume of 12 in3 if it has a minimum surface area

Answers

Answer:

r = 1,248 in

Step-by-step explanation:

v(c) = 12 in³

The surface area of a right cylinder is:

Area of the base and top  + lateral area

S(a)  =  2*π*r²  + 2*π*r*h   (1)

v(c) = 12 in³  =  π*r²*h        h is the height of the cylinder, then

h  =  12 / π*r²

By substitution,  in equation (1) we get  the  Surface area as a function of r

S(r)  =  2*π*r² +   2*π*r*  ( 12 / π*r²)

S(r)  =  2*π*r² + 24 /r

Tacking derivatives on both sides of the equation we get:

S´(r)  =  4*π*r -  24 /r²

S´(r)  = 0            4*π*r -  24 /r²  =  0       π*r - 6/r² = 0

 π*r³ - 6  = 0

r³   =  1,91    

r = 1,248 in    

How do we know that the value  r  =  1,248 makes  Surface area minimum??

We get the second derivative

S´´(r)  =  4*π  +  48/r³    S´´(r)  will be always positive therefore we have a minumum of S   at the value of   r = 1,248 in

           

Name
Date
Unit 2 Mid-Unit Assessment continued
Form A
6
Ben has 5 comic books. His cousin Kurt has 6 times as many comic books
as Ben has.
Part A
Draw and label a bar model to show the number of comic books
each boy has.

Answers

Answer:

das

Step-by-step explanation:

adsasc

Evaluate f(x)= 4x-2 when x= -2

Answers

[tex]\huge\text{Hey there!}[/tex]

[tex]\large\text{If x = -2, then substitute it into the given equation}[/tex].

[tex]\large\textsf{f(x) = 4(-2) - 2}[/tex]

[tex]\large\textsf{y = 4(-2) - 2}[/tex]

[tex]\large\textsf{4(-2) = \boxed{\bf -8}}[/tex]

[tex]\large\textsf{y = -8 - 2}[/tex]

[tex]\large\textsf{-8 - 2 = \boxed{\bf -10}}[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{{\large\text{y = \bf -10}}}[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{\boxed{\large\text{Answer: \textsf{\huge \bf y = -10}}}}\huge\checkmark[/tex]

[tex]\large\text{Good luck on your assignment and enjoy your day!}[/tex]

~[tex]\frak{Amphitrite1040:)}[/tex]

Problem:

Evaluate f(x) = 4x-2 when x = -2.

Given that x = -2.Let's try!

[tex]\quad\quad\quad\quad \tt{f(x) = 4x - 2}[/tex]

[tex]\quad\quad\quad\quad \tt{f( - 2) = 4( - 2)- 2}[/tex]

[tex]\quad\quad\quad\quad \tt{f( - 2) = ( - 8)- 2}[/tex]

[tex]\quad\quad\quad\quad \tt{f( - 2) = - 10}[/tex]

Hence, the answer is -10.

[tex]\quad\quad\quad\quad\boxed {\tt{\color{green}f( - 2) = - 10}}[/tex]

__________

#LetsStudy

Question 3 of 25
If f(x) = 3x + 2, what is f(5)?
O A. 10
O B. 17
O c. 1
O D. 13

Answers

Answer:

I believe it's 17 :)

Step-by-step explanation:

5×3= 15 +2 = 17

B.) 17. F(5)=3(5)+2. F(5)=17
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spanish speakers needed In the short story "Sonny's Blues," the narrator, who is multi-dimensional and changing, would be considered what type of character?A. dynamic and staticB. round and staticC. round and dynamicD. flat and staticITS FROM EDMENTUM PLZ HELP Whats the area of this rectangle Circle 0.5 of the stars.There are 5 stars in this role. There are 5 stars in this role.How many do we circle in total? 40) A 10 ft. ladder positioned against a house makes a 65 degree angle with the ground. How far awayfrom the house is the base of the ladder?A. 4 feetB. 6 feetC. 9.06 feetD. 4.22 feet someone please help .. im giving 20 points and brialiest Was the United States justified in expanding its boundaries by putting the Lakota on reservations? In fruit flies, the phenotype for eye color is determined by a certain locus. E indicates the dominant allele and e indicates the recessive allele. The cross between a male wild-type fruit fly and a female white-eyed fruit fly produced the following offspring. Wild Type Male Wild Type Female White-eyed Male White-eyed Female Brown-eyed Female F1 Generation 0 45 55 0 1The wild-type and white-eyed individuals from the F1 generation were then crossed to produce the following offspring. Wild Type Male Wild Type Female White-eyed Male White-eyed Female Brown-eyed Female F2 Generation 23 31 22 24 0Required:a. Determine the genotypes of the original parents (P generation) and explain your reasoning.b. Use a Chi-squared test on the F2 generation data to analyze your prediction of the parental genotypes. Help please Briefly explain how technology affects promotional strategies. 100 POINTS HELP!I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST TO THE BEST ANSWERFAKE ANSWERS WILL BE REPORTED ATOMS: MULTIPLE CHOICE Most of the electricity that is used in everyday life comes from________ current.Fill in the blank You usually buy a 5.4 ounce bottle of lotion. There is a new bottle that says it givesyou 20% more free.Use the drop-down menus to build an equation that could be used to find the size ofthe larger bottle,x In a 24 hour period, Mrs. Darling drank 6 oz of orange juice, 400 ml of water, and a pint of milk. What was her total 24 hr. intake? Two water molecules are weakly attracted to each other when a slightly positive hydrogen atom in the first molecule is attracted to the slightly negative oxygen atom on the second molecule. What type of bond is this Hamad wants to buy a video game with a selling price of $55, on sale for 40% off. The sales tax in his state is 3.5%. How much will Hamad have to pay in all? Im like a highway system in your body. I carry necessary supplies to the parts of your body that need them, and carry away wastes so your body can get rid of them. I contain blood vessels and am a system with a lot of heart. What system am I?get brainiest whoever gets it first Paloma opened a savings account with a deposit of $750. She earns 2% simple interest per year on the account. What will the total amount of money, in dollars, in palomas account after 1 year if there are no other deposits or withdrawals ? What is blockchain in detail? A 750-mL sample of hydrogen exerts a pressure of 822 torr at 325 K. What pressure does it exert if the temperature is raised to 475 K at constant volume