Impact of Wars on Global Markets: Wars have always been a very harmful and destructive phenomenon, as it affects not only the people in the battle but also the international system as a whole. Wars not only cause the loss of innocent lives, but they also bring about economic consequences, particularly on global markets. The present study analyzes the impact of wars on global markets.
Types of Markets Impacted by Wars: The impact of wars can be seen in various types of markets, like the stock market, the commodity market, and the foreign exchange market. When there is war, investors tend to feel insecure and may withdraw their investments from the stock market. This results in a stock market crash, which is highly detrimental to the global economy. Underlying Causes for Different Markets.
To understand the impact of wars on markets, we can take the example of the oil and gold market. The price of oil always goes up whenever there is war in any oil-producing country. This is because of the uncertainty and fear of oil supply disruptions. At the same time, the price of gold increases due to the increasing inflation during wartime.
Regional Conflicts on Global Markets: The analysis of regional conflicts on global markets can be viewed in the light of two examples: The Gulf War (1990-91) and the Syrian War (2011). During the Gulf War, the oil supply of the Persian Gulf was disrupted, leading to a worldwide oil crisis. Similarly, the Syrian War led to a refugee crisis, which affected the European stock market.
Central Banks: During times of war, Central Banks play an essential role in stabilizing the economy. In times of crisis, the Central Banks usually decrease the interest rates to encourage spending. The US Federal Reserve lowered interest rates after the 9/11 terrorist attacks to ensure market stability .Government Policy Implications Governments must have a robust policy framework in place to ensure the smooth running of markets during wartime. It is recommended that policymakers should invest in alternative sources of energy to avoid the disruption of oil supply chains, which are highly detrimental to the global economy.ConclusionWars and regional conflicts have a massive impact on global markets. They affect various types of markets like the stock, commodity, and foreign exchange markets. The Central Banks play an essential role in stabilizing the economy during times of crisis. Governments should have robust policies in place to ensure the smooth running of markets during wartime.
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(a) Define shirking. In the Shapiro-Stiglitz model, does a worker benefit from shirking? Explain, using algebra and words in your answer. (15 marks) Answer: Marker Moderator (b) Algebraically state the monetary rule in the Three Equation Model, MR. Fully explain how this monetary rule helps the monetary policymaker choose its nominal policy rate i. (10 marks)
Shirking is a term used to define situations where employees are not putting in maximum effort or output into their work. This may be due to a variety of reasons such as dissatisfaction, lack of motivation, or lack of supervision. The Shapiro-Stiglitz model is used to analyze the effects of asymmetric information in the labor market. In this model, a worker does not benefit from shirking as it reduces their productivity, leading to a lower wage rate.
The utility function of the worker is given by U = U(c,l) where c is the worker's consumption and l is their leisure time. The wage rate is given by w = F(L, z) where L is labor input and z is the level of effort by the worker. The worker chooses the level of effort that maximizes their utility function. However, since the level of effort is not directly observable by the firm, there is a moral hazard problem. The firm has to pay the wage rate based on the observed output and cannot observe the worker's level of effort. Therefore, a worker who shirks reduces the observed output, leading to a lower wage rate. This reduces the worker's utility, hence they do not benefit from shirking.
The monetary rule in the Three Equation Model is given by MR = pi - π^T + 0.5(y - y^P) where MR is the nominal policy rate, pi is the inflation rate, π^T is the inflation target, y is the output gap, and y^P is the potential output. This rule states that the monetary policymaker should adjust the nominal policy rate based on the deviation of the actual inflation rate from the target inflation rate, the output gap, and potential output. If the inflation rate is higher than the target, the nominal policy rate should be increased to reduce demand and hence inflation. If the output gap is positive, this indicates excess demand in the economy and hence the nominal policy rate should be increased to reduce demand and avoid inflation. Conversely, if the output gap is negative, indicating a recession, the nominal policy rate should be decreased to stimulate demand and hence output. The monetary rule helps the monetary policymaker choose its nominal policy rate i by providing a systematic and transparent framework for policy decisions. The rule is based on economic theory and empirical evidence and provides clear guidance on how to adjust the policy rate in response to changes in inflation and output.
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a process manufacturer that uses the weighted-average method reports the following. compute the total equivalent units of production for conversion.
conversion
Units Percent Complete Beginning work in process inventory 303,000 80%
units started this period 623,000
Units completed and transferred out 683,000
Ending work in process inventory 243,000 25% Multiple Choice a. 866.000 b. 743 750. c. 804.500
d. 583,000 e. 926,000
Ending work in process inventory 243,000 25% is 926,000. Number of physical units multiplied by the percentage of completion yields equivalent units. In terms of direct materials, 3,000 equivalent units are equal to 5,000 physical units that are 60% complete.
Whereas 1,500 equivalent units are equal to 5,000 physical units that are 30% complete in terms of direct labour and overhead. Adding the cost of (1) work-in-process inventory to expenses that were added during the period and dividing by equivalent units of production will yield the cost per equivalent unit using the weighted-average technique.
When applying the weighted average approach, you compute the weighted-average cost per unit by dividing the cost of the items that are on the market by the quantity of units that are for sale.
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The diagram below depicts a firm's Marginal Private Costs (MPC) and the associated Marginal Social Cost (MSC) of steel sheet production. The market price of a steel sheet is $22. $P (per sheet) MSC 28
The diagram below shows a firm's Marginal Private Costs (MPC) and the associated Marginal Social Cost (MSC) of steel sheet production. The market price of a steel sheet is $22.
MPC is the cost to the company of producing an additional unit of output. MSC, on the other hand, is the cost to society of producing an additional unit of output. The marginal private cost (MPC) curve for the firm is rising to the left. The Marginal Social Cost (MSC) curve is rising to the right. The cost to society of producing an extra unit of output is the Marginal Social Cost (MSC) curve.The vertical distance between the MPC and the MSC is the cost of the firm's negative externalities. The cost of externalities is the difference between the Marginal Private Cost (MPC) and the Marginal Social Cost (MSC). The firm is a producer of steel sheets, with a marginal cost of $28 and a price of $22 per sheet.
The cost of externalities is $6 (MSC - MPC).The price of $22 per sheet is less than the cost of producing it, which is $28 per sheet. As a result, the firm is losing money for each sheet produced. Therefore, it should decrease the production of steel sheets. As the marginal cost of production is greater than the market price, it will decrease output until its marginal cost equals the market price.
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Which of the following serves as an automatic stabilizer in the econo my? A.) Interst Rates B.) Exchange Rates C.) The Inflation rate D.) The Progressive Income Tax
D.) The Progressive Income Tax serves as an automatic stabilizer in the economy by adjusting tax rates based on individuals' income levels, helping to stabilize aggregate demand during economic fluctuations
An automatic stabilizer in the economy is a policy or feature that helps stabilize economic fluctuations without the need for explicit government intervention. It adjusts automatically in response to changes in economic conditions.
The progressive income tax serves as an automatic stabilizer because it is designed to be sensitive to changes in individuals' income levels. As incomes rise during economic expansions, individuals move into higher tax brackets and pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes. Conversely, during economic downturns or recessions when incomes decline, individuals move into lower tax brackets and pay a lower percentage of their income in taxes. This progressive tax system helps to stabilize aggregate demand by adjusting tax revenues in line with changes in economic activity. As a result, it can mitigate the impact of economic fluctuations and provide a stabilizing effect on the economy.
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Which statement best describe bookkeeping?
A) Main objective of bookkeeping is to keep the records of all transactions proper and systematic
B) Preparation of financial statements is part of bookkeeping functions.
C) The data provided from bookkeeping can be used to make decisions
D) Bookkeeping requires special skills due to its complex nature
A) The main objective of bookkeeping is to keep the records of all transactions proper and systematic. The correct option is A.
Bookkeeping is the process of recording, organizing, and maintaining financial transactions of a business. It involves systematically documenting all financial activities, including purchases, sales, expenses, and payments.
The main objective of bookkeeping is to ensure that accurate and complete records are kept for every transaction.
Option B is not the best description of bookkeeping because the preparation of financial statements is typically considered a part of accounting rather than bookkeeping.
Bookkeeping provides the raw data that is used in the preparation of financial statements, but the actual creation of financial statements is generally considered an accounting function.
Option C is correct as bookkeeping provides the data necessary for decision-making. The accurate records maintained through bookkeeping enable businesses to analyze their financial position, track expenses, monitor cash flow, and make informed decisions based on the financial data. The correct option is A.
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A firm faces the following production function: y(1, k) = 5l + 8k. 400 and p = 800. The input prices are the following: Pk What is the optimal combination of inputs if the cost of production is 8000?
To find the optimal combination of inputs, we need to minimize the cost of production while satisfying the production level constraint.
Given:
Production function: y = 5l + 8kCost of production: 8000Input prices: Pl = 400, Pk = 800We want to minimize the cost C = Pl*l + Pk*k subject to the production function constraint y = 5l + 8k.
To find the optimal combination, we can use the Lagrange multiplier method.
1. Set up the Lagrangian function:
L(l, k, λ) = Pl*l + Pk*k - λ(y - 8000)2. Take partial derivatives with respect to l, k, and λ, and set them equal to zero:
∂L/∂l = Pl - λ*5 = 0∂L/∂k = Pk - λ*8 = 0∂L/∂λ = y - 8000 = 03. Solve the system of equations to find the values of l, k, and λ.
From the first equation: Pl - λ*5 = 0, we can solve for λ:
λ = Pl/5 = 400/5 = 80Substitute λ = 80 into the second equation: Pk - λ*8 = 0:
Pk - 80*8 = 0Pk = 80*8Pk = 640Now substitute λ = 80 into the production function: y = 5l + 8k:
8000 = 5l + 8kWe have three equations:
Pl - λ*5 = 0Pk - λ*8 = 08000 = 5l + 8kBy solving these equations simultaneously, we can find the optimal combination of inputs (l, k) that minimizes the cost of production.
Please note that without specific values for Pl and Pk, it is not possible to calculate the exact optimal combination of inputs.
About ProductionProduction is an activity carried out to add value to an object or create new objects so that they are more useful in meeting needs. The activity of adding to the usefulness of an object without changing its shape is called the production of services
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USASK stock is currently priced at $42.27 a share. The six-month puts are priced at $0.80 and have a $42.50 strike price. Weisu owns 1,000 shares of USASK stock and wants to sell it for the best possi
To determine the best possible outcome for Weisu when selling his 1,000 shares of USASK stock, we need to consider the options available and their associated costs and profits.
The current stock price of USASK is $42.27 per share. The six-month put options have a strike price of $42.50 and are priced at $0.80 per share.
1. Selling the Stock in the Market:
If Weisu sells his 1,000 shares of USASK stock in the market at the current stock price of $42.27 per share, the total proceeds would be calculated as follows:
Proceeds = Number of Shares * Stock Price
Proceeds = 1,000 * $42.27 = $42,270
2. Exercising the Put Option:
Alternatively, Weisu can choose to exercise the put option. By exercising the put option, he has the right to sell his 1,000 shares at the strike price of $42.50, regardless of the current stock price. To calculate the proceeds from exercising the put option, we need to consider the cost of the put options:
Cost of Put Options = Number of Shares * Price per Put Option
Cost of Put Options = 1,000 * $0.80 = $800
If Weisu exercises the put option, he can sell his 1,000 shares at the strike price of $42.50 per share, resulting in the following proceeds:
Proceeds = Number of Shares * Strike Price
Proceeds = 1,000 * $42.50 = $42,500
However, we need to subtract the cost of the put options from the proceeds to determine the net proceeds:
Net Proceeds = Proceeds - Cost of Put Options
Net Proceeds = $42,500 - $800 = $41,700
Comparing the two options, we find that selling the stock in the market would result in proceeds of $42,270, while exercising the put option would result in net proceeds of $41,700. Therefore, the best possible outcome for Weisu when selling his 1,000 shares of USASK stock is to sell the stock in the market rather than exercising the put option.
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Which of the following statements about growth in the Medicaid program is TRUE?
A. In the early years, enrollment grew at a faster rate than expenditures
B. During the 2007-2009 financial crisis, enrollment in the Medicaid program actually declined
C. The number of enrollees in the CHIP program is now greater than the number of enrollees in the traditional Medicaid program.
D. Most of the southeastern states (e.g., GA, FL) expanded Medicaid eligibility after the ACA
The statement about growth in the Medicaid program which is true is the following: "In the early years, enrollment grew at a faster rate than expenditures". This is due to the fact that, in the earlier years, the number of people enrolling in Medicaid grew at a much faster rate than the cost of providing the healthcare benefits they needed.
However, in recent years, this trend has changed, as healthcare costs have grown at a much faster rate than the number of people who are eligible for Medicaid.
Medicaid is a government program that provides healthcare coverage to low-income individuals and families. It was created in 1965 as part of the Social Security Act and is jointly funded by the federal government and the states. Over the years, Medicaid has grown to become one of the largest healthcare programs in the United States, covering millions of people across the country.
The growth in the Medicaid program has been influenced by a number of factors, including changes in federal and state policies, changes in the economy, and changes in the healthcare system. In the early years of the program, enrollment grew at a faster rate than expenditures. This was due to the fact that the number of people who were eligible for Medicaid grew at a much faster rate than the cost of providing the healthcare benefits they needed.
However, in recent years, this trend has changed. Healthcare costs have grown at a much faster rate than the number of people who are eligible for Medicaid. This has led to a shift in the balance between enrollment and expenditures, with expenditures growing at a faster rate than enrollment. Despite this shift, Medicaid remains an important program for low-income individuals and families, providing them with access to essential healthcare services.
Therefore, the statement that is true about the growth in the Medicaid program is that "In the early years, enrollment grew at a faster rate than expenditures". This is because, in the earlier years of the program, the number of people who were eligible for Medicaid grew at a much faster rate than the cost of providing healthcare benefits they needed. However, in recent years, healthcare costs have grown at a much faster rate than the number of people who are eligible for Medicaid.
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sixteen years ago, ms. cole purchased a $506,000 insurance policy on her own life and named her son as sole beneficiary. she has paid $31,372 total premiums to keep this policy in force. required: this year, she liquidates the policy for its $38,962 cash surrender value. does she recognize income on the liquidation? now assume that ms. cole is terminally ill. the insurance policy provides that a person with a life expectancy of less than one year can liquidate the policy and receive 80 percent of the death benefit. she does so and receives a $404,800 accelerated death benefit. does she recognize income on the liquidation?
In the first scenario, Ms. Cole sells the insurance policy for its $38,962 cash surrender value, but she does not record the sale as an income source. The cash surrender value is a reimbursement for the premiums she has already paid and is typically not subject to income tax.
Ms. Cole does not recognize income on the liquidation in the second scenario, where she is terminally sick and receives an expedited death benefit of $404,800. If the policyholder has a life expectancy of less than one year, the accelerated death benefit is normally not taxable as income. It's crucial to keep in mind that tax laws can differ, so Ms. Cole should speak with a tax expert to ensure that she is adhering to all applicable laws in her country.
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Who are WWF's main competitors? What should WWF do in
the face of competitors?
Non-governmental organization (NGO) that works to preserve the natural resources of the earth, especially wildlife. WWF's main competitors include the following organizations.
GreenpeaceThe Nature Conservancy Sierra ClubThe Wildlife Conservation Society In order to stay competitive, WWF should take the following actions:Providing the most relevant content for their audiences.Partnering with other organizations to promote their message to a wider audience.
Working with corporations to reduce their carbon footprint and protect the environment to increase awareness and brand recognition. Engaging with their audience through social media and other digital channels. In conclusion, to stay competitive WWF should remain focused on their mission and continuously strive to reach new audiences through innovative methods and partnerships.
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Ken's Decent Sandwhiches, is a sandwhich shop in TriBeCa that sells basic sandwhiches. Ken's sandwhich artists utilize a kanban system for ingredient replenishment on the food assembly line. What statement(s) are likely not true about Ken's assembly line replenishment process.
a. Ken's staff operates an inventory push system.Ken's staff operates an inventory push system.
b. Ken's staff operates an inventory pull system.Ken's staff operates an inventory pull system.
c. Ken's kitchen staff sends out ingredients to the front line every 30 mins, regardless of demand.Ken's kitchen staff sends out ingredients to the front line every 30 mins, regardless of demand.
d. Ken's front line staff signals out to the kitchen staff to bring ingriedients forward as they are consumed and inventory is running low. Ken's front line staff signals out to the kitchen staff to bring ingriedients forward as they are consumed and inventory is running low.
Ken's staff operates an inventory push system is the statement that is likely not true about Ken's assembly line replenishment process. Option a is correct.
Kanban is a method of lean manufacturing that has its roots in Toyota's just-in-time manufacturing philosophy. The objective of the Kanban system is to prevent overproduction, stockpiling, and waiting times by providing the correct quantity of supplies at the right moment in the manufacturing process.
Kanban systems rely on a pull system to signal when new supplies are required to minimize waste. The usage of a Kanban board to keep track of tasks and progress is a common implementation of Kanban. Ken's sandwich artists utilize a Kanban system for ingredient replenishment on the food assembly line.
When the sandwiches are made, the staff will signal to the kitchen staff to send additional ingredients as the inventory levels become low. Ken's front-line staff signals the kitchen staff to bring ingredients forward as they are consumed and inventory is running low.
Therefore, a is correct.
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answer all parts and show wark
(g) Calculate the equilibrium level of income (Y) and the equilibrium interest rate (r). Label that equilibrium point on your graph as A. (h) Suppose a newly elected president cuts taxes by 30%. Assum
Equilibrium level of income (Y) and the equilibrium interest rate (r)The equilibrium level of income (Y) and the equilibrium interest rate (r) can be calculated by setting planned savings equal to planned investments.
Here is the calculation:
Equilibrium level of income (Y):Y = C + I + G + NXY = 100 + 200r + 50 + (-50)Y = 300r + 50
Equilibrium interest rate (r):S = I-200 + 200r = 100 + 200r + 50 + (-50)200r + 200r = 300r = 1.5%
Now, we can find the equilibrium level of income by plugging the equilibrium interest rate into the Y equation: Y = 300(0.015) + 50Y = 54.5. Therefore, the equilibrium level of income is Y = 54.5 and the equilibrium interest rate is r = 1.5%.
Equilibrium point: Point A at (54.5, 1.5%) on the graph.(h) Cut in taxes by 30%. With a tax cut of 30%, the autonomous consumption component of the consumption function will increase from 100 to 130. Thus, the consumption function becomes: C = 130 + 0.7YThe government expenditure component remains constant at 50. Now, we can calculate the new equilibrium level of income (Y') and the new equilibrium interest rate (r') by setting planned savings equal to planned investments at the new equilibrium level:
Y' = C + I + G + NXS = (Y' - T) + 130 + 0.7(Y' - T)I = 200r' + 50 + (-50)NX = -50
We can simplify this equation to: Y' = 2,000 + 1,000r'. The next step is to equate planned savings to planned investment and solve for r':
S = I-200 + 200r'S = (Y' - T - C) + (200r' + 50)200r' = 1,500 - 0.3TY' = 2,000 + 1,000(0.05)Y' = 2,050r' = 7.5%.
Thus, the new equilibrium level of income (Y') is 2,050 and the new equilibrium interest rate (r') is 7.5%. The graph below shows the new equilibrium point labeled as A':
Equilibrium point: Point A' at (2,050, 7.5%) on the graph.
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1. How common is it for companies to inflate their
earnings?
2.Would you use cash flow for your business? Why or why
not?
Please answer both with at least 50 words.
Profit can be mystically created by organizations by: submitting journal entries at the end of the year to generate fictitious income.
2. Keeping track of the money entering your business and comparing it to expenses like rent, salaries, and property costs is part of cash flow management. It ensures that you have enough money to pay your bills and make a profit when done correctly, provides you with a comprehensive picture of revenue versus cost, and it is done correctly.
The accumulation of cash throughout an organization is called income. Money spent evokes outpourings, while cash received signifies inflows. The cash flow statement, a type of financial statement, provides information about a company's cash sources and uses over time.
Using a cash flow statement, a company's strength, profitability, and long-term outlook can all be measured. The Cash flow statement can help a company figure out if it has enough cash or liquidity to cover its expenses.
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13. Suppose the external financing needed is a negative number,
then:
a. the firm’s growth rate in sales is greater than its
sustainable growth rate.
b. the firm’s growth rate in sales is greater
If the external financing needed is a negative number, then the firm's growth rate in sales is less than its sustainable growth rate. This suggests that the company can fund its growth initiatives and capital expenditures using internally generated funds.
Sustainable growth rate is the maximum rate of growth that a firm can achieve while keeping its financial ratios constant. It is determined by factors like profit margin, retention rate, asset turnover ratio, and financial leverage ratio. In other words, the sustainable growth rate reflects the level of growth that can be funded by the company's internal resources.
A negative external financing requirement indicates that the company can finance its growth initiatives without relying on external sources such as debt or equity. This is a positive sign for investors since it reduces the risk of default and dilution of equity.In conclusion, if the external financing requirement is negative, the firm's growth rate in sales is less than its sustainable growth rate. As a result, the company can fund its growth initiatives using its internal resources. This is an indication of a healthy and sustainable growth strategy.
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What is the approximate LM relation, of a closed economy, if the central bank sets both an interest rate i = 0.04, and inflation expectations +1 = 0.02? Consider the following equations which describe the closed economy from 4. and derive the IS relation: C = 100+ 0.75Y, I = 400+ 0.15Y - 1000 (r + x), G = T= 300, and x = 0.03. Solve the IS-LM model, from 4. and 5., for the equilibrium level of output, consumption and investment.
L = kY - hi is the given LM equation .The LM equation when Interest rate is 0.04 and Inflation rate is 0.02; LM equation- Ky=hi Ky=hiKy =0.004.
L in the LM equation stands for real money demand, Y for income, i for interest rate, k for real money demand's sensitivity to income, and h for real money demand's sensitivity to interest.
The IS equation is Y=C+I+GY
=100+0.75YD+400+0.15Y-1000(r+x)+300Y
=100+0.75(Y-300)+400+0.15Y-1000(r+0.03)+300Y
=100+0.75Y-225+400+0.15Y-1000r-30+300Y
=545+0.90Y-1000rY-0.9Y
=545-1000r0.1Y
=545-1000rY
=5450-10000r
The equilibrium Level of output:
Y=C+I+GY
=100+0.75YD+400+0.15Y-1000(r+x)+300Y
=100+0.75(Y-300)+400+0.15Y-1000(0.04+0.03)+300Y
=100+0.75Y-225+400+0.15Y-70+300Y
=505+0.90YY-0.9Y
=5050.1Y =505Y=1010
Consumption: C=100+0.75(Y-T)
=100+0.75(1010-300)
=100+532.5
=632.5
Investment:- I=400+0.15Y-1000(0.04+0.03)I
=400+0.15(1010)-70I
=400+151.5-70I
=481.5
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Suppose a country produces fruit and jam only. Orchards produce fruit using labor only, while jam factories require both fruit and labor. In 2021, orchards produced $10 million of fruit. 80 percent of this fruit was sold to factories who used it to make jam and the rest to consumers (at the same price). The factories sold all of their jam to consumers for $35 million. The owners of the orchards paid $3 million in wages to laborers, and the factory owners paid $12 million in wages to their workers. Calculate total profits and GDP in 2021.
a.
Profits were $22 million and GDP was $37 million
b.
Profits were $20 million and GDP was $35 million
c.
Profits were $34 million and GDP was $49 million
d.
Profits were $18 million and GDP was $33 million
Total profits in 2021 were $18 million and GDP was $33 million.
Profits and GDP are the two main indicators that measure the performance of an economy. GDP represents the total value of goods and services produced within the country's borders, while profits represent the income generated by the firms and businesses operating in the country. GDP is calculated by summing up the total value of all goods and services produced in the country in a given year, including both final goods and intermediate goods. In this case, the total value of fruit produced by orchards was $10 million, while the total value of jam produced by factories was $35 million. Adding these together gives a total output of $45 million. Since the factories bought $8 million worth of fruit from the orchards, the value added by the factories is $27 million.Profits are calculated by subtracting the cost of inputs from the revenue generated by the firms. In this case, the orchard owners earned $2 million from selling their fruit to consumers, and the factory owners earned $23 million from selling their jam to consumers. Subtracting the wages paid to laborers ($3 million for the orchards and $12 million for the factories) gives a total profit of $18 million. Therefore, the total profits in 2021 were $18 million and GDP was $33 million.
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On March 1, 2021, Gold Examiner receives $169,000 from a local bank and promises to deliver 95 units of certified 1-oz. gold future date. The contract states that ownership passes to the bank when Gold Examiner delivers the products to Brink's, a thi carrier. In addition, Gold Examiner has agreed to provide a replacement shipment at no additional cost if the product is lost in The stand-alone price of a gold bar is $1,710 per unit, and Gold Examiner estimates the stand-alone price of the replacement a service to be $90 per unit. Brink's picked up the gold bars from Gold Examiner on March 30, and delivery to the bank occurre April 1. Required: 1. How many performance obligations are in this contract? 2 to 4. Prepare the journal entry Gold Examiner would record on March 1, March 30 and April 1.
The answer to the first part is: There are two performance obligations in this contract. and the answer to the second part is: The journal entry Gold Examiner would record on March 1 is: Cash 169,000 Unearned Revenue 169,000(March 1: Cash received from local bank for delivery of 95 units of certified 1-oz. gold future date)
The journal entry Gold Examiner would record on March 30 is: Unearned Revenue 162,450Revenue 162,450(March 30: Revenue recognized as 90 units of certified 1-oz. gold is delivered to Brink's)The journal entry Gold Examiner would record on April 1 is: Cost of Sales 81,225 Inventory 81,225(April 1: 45 units of certified 1-oz. gold delivered to bank)Explanation: Gold Examiner receives $169,000 from a local bank on March 1, 2021, and promises to deliver 95 units of certified 1-oz. gold on a future date. The contract states that ownership passes to the bank when Gold Examiner delivers the products to Brink's, a third-party carrier. There are two performance obligations in this contract. The first is the delivery of 95 units of certified 1-oz. gold and the second is the promise to replace the products if they are lost. Gold Examiner records the receipt of cash and creates an unearned revenue account. On March 30, when 90 units of gold are delivered to Brink's, Gold Examiner records revenue for the portion of the contract that has been satisfied and reduces unearned revenue. On April 1, when Brink's delivers 45 units of gold to the bank, Gold Examiner records the cost of sales and reduces inventory.
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Henry is a new graduate from college that has been brought into a local retailer that has been doing business for almost ten years. They have begun to open locations around the city that they are in and have asked you to make recommendations to tighten the internal controls. The accounting office is located within an hour of each of the four new store locations. The CEO has asked that the company warehouse driver picks up the sales receipts once a week and that paycheques are sent back to each location on payday. The process today is that the driver collect the daily receipts in a plastic grocery bag and bring them back to the accounting office once a week. In recent weeks, there have been receipts that have gone missing and paycheques that have become lost. One store is not located near a bank for daily deposits and the CEO has the driver picking up the weekly deposit of $6000 to bring back in a brown paper bag with the store location number written on it. The accounting department has found discrepancies between the register ribbon and the money of $10-$20 each week. 1. Understanding the overall goals for internal controls, what recommendations should be made for this small company? (Each recommendation should include a realistic control) 2. List five (5) realistic Cash Controls that could be used with a brief explanation of how each could help. 3. List five (5) realistic Internal Management Controls that could be used with a brief explanation of how each could help.
By implementing these recommendations and controls, the company can strengthen its internal controls, reduce the risk of errors and fraud, enhance accountability, and safeguard its assets.
Overall Goals for Internal Controls:Implement segregation of duties: Assign different individuals to handle cash receipts, payroll, and financial record-keeping to prevent collusion and increase accountability.Establish physical safeguards: Ensure that cash, receipts, and paychecks are stored securely and transported in a safe manner to minimize the risk of theft or loss.Enhance documentation and record-keeping: Implement systematic procedures for recording and reconciling cash transactions, maintaining proper documentation, and conducting regular audits to detect and prevent errors or fraudulent activities.Strengthen authorization and approval processes: Implement controls that require proper authorization and approval for cash disbursements, payroll processing, and other financial transactions to minimize the risk of unauthorized actions. Develop an internal reporting system: Implement a system that encourages employees to report any suspicious activities, discrepancies, or concerns related to cash handling or internal controls.
Realistic Cash Controls:Daily cash reconciliation: Each store should reconcile their daily cash receipts with the register totals and investigate any discrepancies promptly. This control helps identify and address issues early on.Secure cash handling procedures: Implement strict guidelines for cash handling, including the use of cash registers, limiting access to cash drawers, and conducting surprise cash counts to deter theft and increase accountability.Dual control for cash transfers: Assign two employees to handle the weekly deposit, ensuring that both individuals verify the cash count, sign off on the amount, and maintain a record of the transaction. This control reduces the risk of theft during transportation.Implement secure deposit process: Explore options such as hiring armored courier services to pick up and transport cash deposits securely, especially for the store without a nearby bank. This minimizes the risk of loss or theft during transit.Implement a cash shortage/overage reporting system: Require employees to report any cash shortages or overages immediately and investigate the reasons behind these discrepancies. This control helps identify potential issues or errors in cash handling processes.Realistic Internal Management Controls:
Implement employee training and awareness programs: Provide comprehensive training on cash handling procedures, internal controls, and fraud prevention to all employees. Regularly update and reinforce these training programs to ensure compliance and vigilance.
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Lewis and Clark Camping Supplies Inc. is borrowing $36,000 from Western State Bank. The total interest is $18,000. The loan will be paid by making equal monthly payments for the next three years.
What is the effective rate of interest on this installment loan? (Input your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)
Effective rate of interest %
The effective rate of interest on this installment loan is 50%.
How to solve for the effective rate of interestTo calculate the effective rate of interest on the installment loan, we need to divide the total interest paid ($18,000) by the total loan amount ($36,000) and express it as a percentage.
Effective rate of interest = (Total Interest / Total Loan Amount) * 100
Plugging in the given values:
Effective rate of interest = (18,000 / 36,000) * 100
Calculating:
Effective rate of interest = 0.5 * 100
Effective rate of interest = 50
Therefore, the effective rate of interest on this installment loan is 50%.
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How will the appreciation and depreciation of foreign currencies
affect the financial statements of a multinational company? (Assume
financial statements are presented in local currency)
A multinational company refers to a company with operations in multiple countries. If there is depreciation in the foreign currency, cash flows from foreign operations will decrease when converted into the local currency, thereby decreasing the company's cash flow.
A multinational company refers to a company with operations in multiple countries. These companies are exposed to the risk of currency fluctuations, which can impact their financial statements. Here's how appreciation and depreciation of foreign currencies affect the financial statements of a multinational company presented in the local currency:
1. Balance Sheet: On the balance sheet of a multinational company, the value of assets and liabilities held in foreign currencies are converted to the local currency at the exchange rate on the reporting date. If there is appreciation in the foreign currency, the value of the assets held in that currency will increase. This, in turn, will increase the total assets of the company.
Conversely, if there is depreciation in the foreign currency, the value of the assets held in that currency will decrease, and this will decrease the total assets of the company. Similarly, if there is appreciation in the foreign currency, the value of the liabilities will increase, and if there is depreciation in the foreign currency, the value of the liabilities will decrease.
2. Income Statement: On the income statement, revenues and expenses incurred in foreign currencies are converted into the local currency at the exchange rate at the time of transaction. If there is appreciation in the foreign currency, revenues earned in that currency will increase when converted into the local currency, thereby increasing the company's revenue. Conversely, if there is depreciation in the foreign currency, revenues earned in that currency will decrease when converted into the local currency, thereby decreasing the company's revenue.
Similarly, if there is appreciation in the foreign currency, expenses incurred in that currency will increase when converted into the local currency, thereby decreasing the company's profit. If there is depreciation in the foreign currency, expenses incurred in that currency will decrease when converted into the local currency, thereby increasing the company's profit.
3. Cash Flow Statement: On the cash flow statement, the company's cash flows from foreign operations are converted into the local currency at the exchange rate at the time of transaction. If there is appreciation in the foreign currency, cash flows from foreign operations will increase when converted into the local currency, thereby increasing the company's cash flow. If there is depreciation in the foreign currency, cash flows from foreign operations will decrease when converted into the local currency, thereby decreasing the company's cash flow.
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• Furniture and fittings: 10% per annum on a reducing-balance basis (assume no residual value) Depreciation for the year ended 31 December 2017 has not yet been accounted for. Hallam charges all depreciation to cost of sales. 4) On 31 December 2017, a purchase of raw materials of £150,000 was returned to the supplier. The purchase of the materials has already been included in the cost of sales. 5) Corporation tax for the year is estimated at £5,348,000. 6) A final ordinary dividend of 3p per share and preference dividend of £324,000 was declared on 1 December 2017 but was not paid at the year end. 7) The cost of sales was calculated based on the inventory shown in the trial balance. On 31 December 2017, it was found that an inventory that was valued at £500,000 has a net realisable value of £250,000. 8) There has been no issue of shares during the year 2017. Required: a) In respect of the year ended 31 December 2017, prepare the Statement of Comprehensive Income (using format 1) and the Statement of Financial Position for Hallam plc, in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (to the nearest £000). (25 marks) b) Calculate basic Earnings per Share (EPS) for Hallam plc in respect of the year ended 31 December 2017. Discuss briefly the limitations of EPS as a performance measure.
a) Without specific financial data and calculations, it is not possible to provide the Statement of Comprehensive Income and the Statement of Financial Position for Hallam plc as required.
b) Earnings per Share (EPS) is calculated by dividing the net earnings of a company by the weighted average number of outstanding shares. The limitations of EPS as a performance measure include not considering the quality of earnings, the timing of cash flows, the potential dilution from convertible securities, and differences in accounting policies among companies.
To prepare the financial statements for Hallam plc, detailed financial data, and calculations are necessary, such as revenues, expenses, assets, liabilities, and equity. Without this information, it is not possible to provide the required statements accurately.
Earnings per Share (EPS) is a widely used measure to assess a company's profitability. However, it has limitations. EPS does not consider the quality of earnings, meaning it doesn't differentiate between sustainable and one-time gains. It also doesn't reflect the timing of cash flows, as it is based on accrual accounting.
EPS doesn't account for the potential dilution of earnings from convertible securities. Additionally, EPS can be influenced by differences in accounting policies among companies, making it difficult to compare across industries or companies with different accounting practices.
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Presented below are the components in determining cost of goods sold.
Determine the missing amounts.
Beginning Inventory Purchases Costs of Goods available for sale Ending Inventory Cost of Goods sold
$84,100 $101,500 $112,000
$53,100 $116,000 $37,000 $115,000 $156,000 $30,500
The missing amounts are: Ending Inventory = $30,500 and Cost of Goods Sold = $155,100.
The cost of goods sold formula determines the cost of goods sold, and includes the beginning inventory, the cost of goods purchased, and the cost of goods available for sale.
To determine the missing amounts, we use the formula Cost of goods available for sale - ending inventory = cost of goods sold.
Beginning Inventory = $84,100
Purchases = $101,500
Cost of goods available for sale = $84,100 + $101,500
= $185,600
Ending Inventory = $30,500
Cost of goods sold = $185,600 - $30,500 = $155,100
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A friend is considering bringing an occupiers' liability action to the courts in Alberta, after being injured at a waterpark. You know that there is Alberta legislation in effect which is relevant to this type of action. Based on your research of Alberta's Occupiers' Liability Act: Select one: O a. An occupler owes a duty to every trespasser on the occupier's premises to take such care as in all the circumstances of the case is reasonable to see that the trespasser will be reasonably safe in using the premises. Ob. An occupier's liability under this Act in respect of a visitor may be extended, restricted, modified or excluded by express agreement or express notice. Oc. This Act applies to or affects an employer's liability in respect of the employer's duties to employees. Od. The Contributory Negligence Act has no application, even where the occupier does not discharge the duty of care owed to the visitor and the visitor suffers damage partly as a result of the fault of the occupier and party as a result of the visitor's own fault.
According to the Alberta Occupiers' Liability Act, the occupier of premises owes a duty to take such care as in all circumstances of the case is reasonable to ensure that the person entering the premises is reasonably safe.
Occupiers' Liability Act, Alberta's law, is applicable in the case of an individual getting injured while visiting the premises of an occupier. It is the responsibility of the occupier to ensure that the person entering the premises is reasonably safe.
As per Section 5(1) of the Act, "An occupier of premises owes a duty to take such care as in all the circumstances of the case is reasonable to see that a person entering on the premises, and the property brought on the premises by that person are reasonably safe while on the premises."
A water park is a public place, and its owner/occupier is responsible for ensuring that visitors are safe. If the occupier is found to be negligent in their duty, and the individual is injured due to this negligence, the injured individual can file a claim under the Occupiers' Liability Act.
In conclusion, the Alberta Occupiers' Liability Act requires that the occupier of premises owes a duty to take such care as in all circumstances of the case is reasonable to ensure that the person entering the premises is reasonably safe. If an individual gets injured due to the occupier's negligence, the individual can file a claim under the Act.
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Which of the following statements is correct? Industry risk refers to the political developments in a country that could affect the cash flows associated with a loan or investment in that country. All the answers are correct. The ask quote represents the rate at which the dealer will buy foreign currency. Country risk refers to the political developments in a country that could affect the cash flows associated with a loan or investment in that country. With the international capital budgeting, the decision to accept international projects with a negative NPV increases the value of the firm and is consistent with the fundamental goal of financial management, which is to maximize the sales.
Country risk refers to the potential risks and uncertainties arising from political, economic, and social factors in a specific country that can impact the cash flows associated with a loan or investment in that country.
What is country risk and how does it relate to the potential impacts on cash flows associated with a loan or investment in a specific country?These risks can include changes in government policies, political instability, regulatory changes, economic instability, currency exchange rate fluctuations, and social unrest.
When making investment decisions in international markets, it is important to assess and consider the country risk factors as they can significantly impact the expected returns and cash flows from the investment.
Political developments such as changes in government, policy shifts, or geopolitical events can introduce uncertainties and potential disruptions to the business environment, affecting the profitability and viability of investments.
Managing country risk involves conducting thorough due diligence and analysis of the political and economic environment in the target country.
This analysis helps investors or lenders assess the potential risks and adjust their expectations and strategies accordingly.
Mitigation strategies may include diversifying investments across multiple countries, hedging currency risks, purchasing political
Risk insurance, or partnering with local entities that have a better understanding of the country's dynamics.
Understanding and managing country risk is crucial for businesses and investors engaged in international operations, as it helps them make informed decisions and minimize the potential negative impacts on their financial performance and investment returns.
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What is the formula for calculating working capital (WC)?
Working capital (WC) is the capital available to finance the day-to-day activities of an organization.
It is a measure of an organization's short-term liquidity, i.e., its ability to pay off its current liabilities using its current assets.
The formula for calculating working capital (WC) is as follows
:Working capital (WC) = Current assets - Current liabilities
Current assets are assets that can be converted into cash within a year, while current liabilities are liabilities that are due within a year.
Examples of current assets include cash, accounts receivable, and inventory, while examples of current liabilities include accounts payable and short-term loans
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A company estimates that warranty expense will be 5% of sales The company has sales of $225,000 for the current period. The current penod's entry to record the warranty expense is OA Estimated Warrant
The current period's entry to record the warranty expense is a debit to Estimated Warranty Expense and a credit to Warranty Liability, the estimated amount being $11,250 based on 5% of sales ($225,000).
The current period's entry to record the warranty expense would be as follows:
Debit: Estimated Warranty Expense
Credit: Warranty Liability
To calculate the amount of the warranty expense, we need to apply the estimated percentage to the sales for the current period. In this case, the company estimates that the warranty expense will be 5% of sales, and the sales for the current period are $225,000.
Warranty Expense = 5% of $225,000
Warranty Expense = 0.05 * $225,000
Warranty Expense = $11,250
So, the estimated warranty expense for the current period is $11,250.
The journal entry to record this expense would be as follows:
Debit: Estimated Warranty Expense ($11,250)
Credit: Warranty Liability ($11,250)
The debit to the Estimated Warranty Expense account increases the expense on the income statement, reflecting the estimated cost of honoring warranties for products sold in the current period.
The credit to the Warranty Liability account increases the liability on the balance sheet, representing the estimated future obligations the company has for warranty repairs or replacements.
It's important to note that the actual warranty expenses may vary from the estimated amount. If the company incurs actual warranty expenses that differ from the estimated amount, adjustments will be made in subsequent periods to reflect the actual costs incurred.
In summary, the current period's entry to record the warranty expense is a debit to Estimated Warranty Expense and a credit to Warranty Liability, with the estimated amount being $11,250 based on 5% of sales ($225,000).
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You are working for Medical Equipment Exports Group. Your corporation is going to pay an annual dividend of $5 per share and an extra dividend of $1.5 per share in 4 weeks. The company’s stock is currently listed and actively traded on the ASX.
The ex-dividend price for Medical Equipment Exports Group shares on the ASX is be $137.
When is the ex-dividend date for dividend payment?To know ex-dividend date, we will consider the settlement process of T+2. This means that the ex-dividend date will be two trading days before the record date.
The closing price the day before the ex-dividend date is $143.5. To know the ex-dividend price, we need to subtract the dividend amount from the closing price.
Given data:
The annual dividend is $5 per share
The extra dividend is $1.5 per share.
The total dividend is:
= $5 + $1.5
= $6.5 per share.
Ex-dividend price = $143.5 - $6.5
Ex-dividend price = $137.
Full question:
You are working for Medical Equipment Exports Group. Your corporation is going to pay an annual dividend of $5 per share and an extra dividend of $1.5 per share in 4 weeks. The company's stock is currently listed and actively traded on the ASX. Required: a) The standard process of settlement in ASX is T+2. If tomorrow is the record date for dividend payment for Medical Equipment Exports Group, when is the ex-dividend date for trading of this share on the ASX? Calculate the ex-dividend price if the corporation's closing price the day before ex-dividend date is $143.5, assuming the dividend flat tax rate is 17%.
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why are low-income countries at a disadvantage when it comes to economic growth? select the correct answer below: they save too much, disallowing for investments into physical and human capital they all suffer from extreme hyperinflation they do not have strong alliances with high-income countries any income that people receive are spent immediately on necessities such as food
Low-income countries are at a disadvantage when it comes to economic growth because any income that people receive are spent immediately on necessities such as food.
In low-income countries, a significant portion of the population lives in poverty, and their incomes are often just enough to cover basic needs. As a result, they have limited capacity to save or invest in physical and human capital, which are crucial for economic growth.
Without sufficient savings, it becomes challenging to accumulate funds for investments in infrastructure, education, healthcare, and technology, which are vital for long-term economic development. Additionally, the lack of savings inhibits the formation of financial capital, making it difficult to mobilize resources for productive investments.
Therefore, the immediate spending of income on necessities limits the ability of low-income countries to generate economic growth and improve living standards. Addressing this issue requires efforts to alleviate poverty, enhance income levels, promote savings, and create an environment conducive to investment and economic development.
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ANZ Kitchen Appliances Pty Ltd has the following information for the month ended 30th June 2022:
Accounts receivable has a debit balance of $176,550 (including the balance of C. Cathy’s account) at 1 June 2022.
Allowance for doubtful debts has credit balance of $11,220 at 1 June 2022.
On 15 June, received $3,300 of the account balance of C. Cathy’s of $13,200 and
On 16 June, wrote off the remaining balance of C.Cathy’s as a bad debt.
On 30 June, estimated bad debts expense for the year to be 2% of net credit sales of $825,000.
The ending balances for ANZ Kitchen Appliances Pty Ltd at 30th June 2022 are:
Accounts Receivable: $173,250
Allowance for Doubtful Debts: $40,920
How to find the The ending balances for ANZ Kitchen Appliances Pty Ltd at 30th June 2022To calculate the ending balances for Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Debts at the end of June 2022, we need to consider the transactions and information provided.
Starting Balances:
Accounts Receivable: $176,550 (including C. Cathy's account)
Allowance for Doubtful Debts: $11,220
Transaction 1:
On 15 June, received $3,300 of the account balance of C. Cathy's of $13,200.
Accounts Receivable: $176,550 - $3,300 = $173,250
Allowance for Doubtful Debts: $11,220 (no change)
Transaction 2:
On 16 June, wrote off the remaining balance of C. Cathy's as a bad debt.
Accounts Receivable: $173,250 (no change)
Allowance for Doubtful Debts: $11,220 + $13,200 = $24,420
Transaction 3:
On 30 June, estimated bad debts expense for the year to be 2% of net credit sales of $825,000.
Bad Debts Expense: $825,000 * 2% = $16,500
To calculate the ending balances, we need to adjust the Allowance for Doubtful Debts based on the estimated bad debts expense.
Allowance for Doubtful Debts: $24,420 + $16,500 = $40,920
Therefore, the ending balances for ANZ Kitchen Appliances Pty Ltd at 30th June 2022 are:
Accounts Receivable: $173,250
Allowance for Doubtful Debts: $40,920
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Cascade Company was started on January 1, Year 1, when it acquired $153,000 cash from the owners. During Year 1, the company earned cash revenues of $97,900 and incurred cash expenses of $69,900. The company also paid cash distributions of $9,500.
Required:
Prepare a Year 1 income statement, capital statement (statement of changes in equity), balance sheet
To prepare the Year 1 financial statements for Cascade Company, we will start with the income statement, followed by the capital statement (statement of changes in equity), and finally, the balance sheet.
1. Income Statement:
The income statement shows the revenues earned and expenses incurred during a specific period, resulting in the net income or net loss.
Income Statement for Year 1:
Revenues:
Cash Revenues: $97,900
Expenses:
Cash Expenses: $69,900
Net Income: Revenues - Expenses
Net Income: $97,900 - $69,900
Net Income: $28,000
The income statement shows that Cascade Company earned a net income of $28,000 during Year 1.
2. Capital Statement (Statement of Changes in Equity):
The capital statement summarizes the changes in the owners' equity during a specific period. In this case, the only change in equity is the initial cash investment by the owners and the cash distributions made.
Capital Statement for Year 1:
Owners' Equity at the beginning of Year 1: $153,000
Add: Cash Investment by Owners: $153,000
Total Owners' Equity: $153,000 + $153,000
Total Owners' Equity: $306,000
Less: Cash Distributions: $9,500
Owners' Equity at the end of Year 1: $306,000 - $9,500
Owners' Equity at the end of Year 1: $296,500
The capital statement shows that the owners' equity at the end of Year 1 is $296,500.
3. Balance Sheet:
The balance sheet provides a snapshot of the company's financial position at a specific point in time, showing its assets, liabilities, and owners' equity.
Balance Sheet for Year 1:
Assets:
Cash: $97,900 (From the income statement)
Total Assets: $97,900
Liabilities:
None (As no liabilities are mentioned in the question)
Owners' Equity:
Owners' Equity: $296,500 (From the capital statement)
Total Liabilities and Owners' Equity: $97,900 + $296,500
Total Liabilities and Owners' Equity: $394,400
The balance sheet shows that Cascade Company has total assets of $97,900 and total owners' equity of $296,500, resulting in total liabilities and owners' equity of $394,400.
In summary, the Year 1 financial statements for Cascade Company include an income statement showing a net income of $28,000, a capital statement showing owners' equity of $296,500 at the end of Year 1, and a balance sheet reflecting total assets of $97,900 and total owners' equity of $296,500.
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