To find the energy required to change the separation between the centers of the basketballs, we can use the formula for gravitational potential energy:
PE = (G * m1 * m2) / r
Where PE is the potential energy, G is the gravitational constant (6.674 x 10^-11 Nm²/kg²), m1 and m2 are the masses of the basketballs (0.59 kg each), and r is the distance between their centers.
A) To change the separation to 1.0 m, we have:
r = 1.0 m
PE = (6.674 x 10^-11 Nm²/kg² * 0.59 kg * 0.59 kg) / 1.0 m
PE ≈ 1.93 x 10^-11 J (joules)
B) To change the separation to 10.0 m, we have:
r = 10.0 m
PE = (6.674 x 10^-11 Nm²/kg² * 0.59 kg * 0.59 kg) / 10.0 m
PE ≈ 2.02 x 10^-12 J (joules)
So, the energy required to change the separation between the centers of the basketballs to 1.0 m is approximately 1.93 x 10^-11 J, and to 10.0 m is approximately 2.02 x 10^-12 J.
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A spaceship and its shuttle pod are traveling to the right in a straight line with speed v, as shown in the top figure above. The mass of the pod is m, and the mass of the spaceship is 6m. The pod is launched, and afterward the pod is moving to the right with speed vp and the spaceship is moving to the right with speed vf where vf > v as shown in the bottom figure. Which of the following is true of the speed vc of the center of mass of the system after the pod is launched?
A)vc=vf
B) v
C) vc
D) vc=v
(The correct answer is D. Can anyone explain why?)
The speed v(c) of the center of mass of the system after the pod is launched is equal to v(f).
Mass of the pod, m₁ = m
Mass of the spaceship, m₂ = 6m
The conservation of momentum principle states that, within a given domain, the amount of momentum is constant such that, momentum is never created nor destroyed, but only modified by the application of forces.
So, according to the conservation of momentum, the momentum before launch and before launch must be equal. Therefore, the speed of the center of mass of the system becomes equal to the speed with which the spaceship is moving towards the right.
Therefore,
v(c) = v(f)
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To "observe" small objects, one measures the diffraction of particles whose de Broglie wavelength is approximately equal to the object's size. Find the kinetic energy (in electron volts) required for electrons to resolve a large organic molecule of size 10 nm.
Therefore, the kinetic energy required for electrons to resolve a large organic molecule of size 10 nm is approximate: [tex]9.18 * 10^{-3 }[/tex] eV.
The de Broglie wavelength of a particle is given by:
λ = h/p
For a non-relativistic particle, the momentum can be expressed as:
p = mv
where m is the mass of the particle and v is its velocity.
Equating these two expressions for p and solving for v, we get:
v = p/m = h/(mλ)
The kinetic energy of the particle can be expressed in terms of its velocity as:
For an organic molecule of size 10 nm, we can estimate its effective radius as half its size, or 5 nm. The de Broglie wavelength required to resolve this object is therefore:
λ = h/p = h/(mv) = h/(m√(2K/m)) = h/√(2mK)
where we have used the expression for velocity in terms of kinetic energy derived above.
Equating λ with the size of the object, we get:
λ = 2r = 10 nm
Substituting for λ and solving for K, we get:
[tex]K = (h^2/8mr^2) = (6.626 * 10^{-34} J s)^2/(8 * 9.109 * 10^{-31 }kg * (5 * 10^{-9 }m)^2)\\ = 9.18 * 10^{-3} eV[/tex]
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c) What is the initial velocity?
d) What is the final velocity at t=6
e) What is the average acceleration? (Use the graph)
(a) The initial velocity is 0 m/s.
(b) The final velocity at t=6s, is 10 m/s.
(c) The average acceleration is 1.67 m/s².
What is instantaneous velocity?Instantaneous velocity is a measure of how fast an object is moving at a particular moment in time. It is the velocity of an object at a specific instant or point in time, and it is typically represented as a vector with both magnitude and direction.
The initial velocity = 0 m/s
The velocity of the particle at time, t = 6 seconds = displacement/time
velocity = 60 m/ 6s = 10 m/s
The average acceleration = (v₂ - v₁) / (t₂ - t₁)
average acceleration = (10 m/s - 0 m/s )/ (6 s - 0 s) = 10/6 = 1.67 m/s²
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(1)
A wheel of radius R and negligible mass is mounted on a horizontal frictionless axle so that the wheel is in a vertical plane. Three small objects having masses m, M, and 2M, respectively, are mounted on the rim of the wheel, If the system is in static equilibrium, what is the value of m in terms of M?
To find the value of m in terms of M, we need to use the principle of torque equilibrium. Since the system is in static equilibrium, the net torque acting on it must be zero.
Let's consider the torque acting on each of the masses. The torque due to gravity on the mass m is m*g*R*sin(theta), where g is the acceleration due to gravity and theta is the angle between the radius vector and the vertical direction. Similarly, the torque on the mass M is M*g*R*sin(theta), and the torque on the mass 2M is 2M*g*R*sin(theta).
Now, since the wheel is in static equilibrium, the net torque acting on it must be zero. This means that the sum of the torques due to gravity on the masses must be equal to zero.
m*g*R*sin(theta) + M*g*R*sin(theta) + 2M*g*R*sin(theta) = 0
Simplifying this equation, we get:
(m + 3M)*g*R*sin(theta) = 0
Since sin(theta) cannot be zero, we have:
m + 3M = 0
Therefore, the value of m in terms of M is:
m = -3M
Note that the negative sign indicates that the mass m is located on the opposite side of the wheel compared to the masses M and 2M, which is necessary for the system to be in static equilibrium.
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light is incident on an equilateral glass prism at a 45° angle to one face. calculate the angle at which light emerges from the opposite face. assume the index of refraction of the prism is 1.52.
The angle at which light emerges from the opposite face of the equilateral glass prism is 51.2°.
What is Refraction?Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one medium to another. The angle of refraction is determined by the angle of incidence and the refractive index of the medium through which it is travelling.
The angle at which light emerges from the opposite face of the equilateral glass prism can be calculated using the concept of refraction.
In this case, the angle of incidence is 45° and the refractive index of the medium is 1.52.
Using Snell's law of refraction, the angle of refraction can be calculated as follows:
n₁ sinθ₁ = n₂ sinθ₂
Where n₁ is the refractive index of the incident medium, θ₁ is the angle of incidence, n₂ is the refractive index of the emergent medium, and θ₂ is the angle of refraction.
Therefore, substituting the values for n₁, θ₁ and n₂, the angle of refraction can be calculated as follows:
1.52 sin 45° = n₂ sinθ₂
n₂ sinθ₂ = 1.52 sin 45°
n₂ sinθ₂ = 1.08
θ₂ = sin-¹ (1.08/n₂)
θ₂ = sin-¹ (1.08/1.52)
θ₂ = 51.2°
Therefore, the angle at which light emerges from the opposite face of the equilateral glass prism is 51.2°.
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. identify the expressions 1) that defines change in population in unit change in time, and 2) the final population size.
it can be expressed as:
r = (Nt - N0) / (t - t0)
where:
- Nt is the population size at time t
- N0 is the population size at time t0
- t is the final time
- t0 is the initial timetime.
The population growth equation is given by:
Nt = N0 * e^(rt).
1) The expression that defines change in population in unit change in time is the population growth rate, which is typically denoted as "r". The population growth rate is the rate at which a population is increasing or decreasing over a given time interval. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
r = (Nt - N0) / (t - t0)
where:
- Nt is the population size at time t
- N0 is the population size at time t0
- t is the final time
- t0 is the initial time
2) The expression that defines the final population size is simply Nt, which represents the population size at a given time t.
The final population size, Nt, can be calculated using the population growth equation, which takes into account the population growth rate, r, and the initial population size, N0. The population growth equation is given by:
Nt = N0 * e^(rt)
where:
- e is the mathematical constant e (approximately 2.71828)
- r is the population growth rate
- t is the time interval over which the population is growing or declining
The population growth equation assumes exponential growth or decline, which means that the rate of change of the population is proportional to the current population size. If the population growth rate is positive, the population is increasing, and if the growth rate is negative, the population is decreasing.
It's important to note that the population growth equation is a simplified model and may not accurately represent the dynamics of all populations in all situations. Factors such as limited resources, competition, and environmental changes can all affect population growth rates and the final population size.
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there are two bodies a of mass 5 kg at 40 degrees c temperature and b of mass 50 kg at 40 degrees c. the average speed of a molecule in body a and body b will besame different slightly different none of the above
The average speed of a molecule in body A and body B will be the same. This is because the average molecular speed depends on the temperature and the type of gas, not the mass of the body.
Both bodies have the same temperature (40 degrees Celsius), so their average molecular speeds will be the same. Therefore, the correct answer is (a) the average speed of a molecule in body A and body B will be the same.
The average speed of molecules in a body depends on the temperature, not the mass of the body. Since both body A and body B have the same temperature of 40°C, the average speed of a molecule in both bodies will be the same.
Therefore, correct option is a. The average speed of a molecule in body A and body B will be the same.
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there are two bodies a of mass 5 kg at 40 degrees c temperature and b of mass 50 kg at 40 °C.
a. the average speed of a molecule in body a and body b will be same
b. different
c. slightly different
d. none of the above
In order to jump off the floor, the floor must exert a force on you a. in the direction of and equal to your weight. b. opposite to and equal to your weight. c. in the direction of and less than your weight. d. opposite to and less than your weight. e. opposite to and greater than your weight.
The correct option is b. When you jump off the floor, the floor exerts a force on you that is opposite to and equal to your weight. This force is called the reaction force and it is a fundamental law of physics known as Newton's Third Law of Motion.
When you push against the floor, the floor pushes back with the same force in the opposite direction, allowing you to jump upwards. This force is equal to your weight because of gravity, which is pulling you down toward the ground.
If the force was less than your weight, you would not be able to jump off the floor as you would not be able to overcome gravity. If the force was greater than your weight, you would be pushed upwards with a greater force and jump higher than intended.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer as the floor exerts a force opposite to and equal to your weight when you jump off the floor.
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Suppose you were looking at two stars, both at the same distance, but while star A is a G5 I, star B is a G5 III. How would they look different to you in a telescope?A. Star A would be brighterB. Star B would be brighterC. Both the same brightness
If you were looking at two stars, both at the same distance, with star A being a G5 I (a supergiant) and star B being a G5 III (a giant), the difference in appearance through a telescope would be their brightness. In this case, star A (G5 I) would be brighter, making option A the correct answer.
Both stars would appear the same brightness in a telescope because their distance is the same. However, the main difference between them is their luminosity class, with star A being a main sequence star (luminosity class I) and star B being a giant star (luminosity class III). This difference in luminosity class suggests that star B is older and has exhausted more of its fuel than star A, which is still in its main sequence phase.
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in an oscillating lc circuit with l = 39 mh and c = 4.6 μf, the current is initially a maximum. how long will it take before the capacitor is fully charged for the first time?
It will take approximately 0.00194 seconds before the capacitor is fully charged for the first time in this oscillating LC circuit.
In an oscillating LC circuit with L = 39 mH and C = 4.6 μF, we can determine the time it takes for the capacitor to be fully charged for the first time by first calculating the angular frequency (ω) and then finding the time period (T).
The angular frequency is given by the formula:
ω = 1 / √(LC)
Plugging in the values, we get:
ω = 1 / √(0.039 H * 4.6 × 10^(-6) F) ≈ 809.3 rad/s
The time period (T) is the reciprocal of the angular frequency:
T = 2π / ω
T ≈ 2π / 809.3 ≈ 0.00776 s
Since the capacitor is fully charged for the first time at a quarter of the time period, we divide the time period by 4:
t = T/4 ≈ 0.00776 s / 4 ≈ 0.00194 s
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if a sprinter reaches his top speed of 10.5 m/s in 2.44 s , what will be his total time? express your answer in seconds.
The total time taken by the sprinter is 3.73 seconds.
Let's assume that the sprinter maintains a constant speed of 10.5 m/s after reaching it.
The time taken to reach the top speed is given as 2.44 seconds.
The distance covered during the time taken to reach the top speed can be calculated using the formula:
[tex]d = (1/2)*a*t^{2}[/tex]
Assuming that the sprinter starts from rest, the initial velocity is 0 m/s. The acceleration can be calculated as:
[tex]a = (v_f-v_i)/t = (10.5m/s-0m/s)/2.44s = 4.30m/s^{2}[/tex]
Substituting the values, we get:
[tex]d = (1/2)*4.30m/s^{2} * (2.44s)^{2} = 13.5[/tex]
The time taken to cover the remaining distance at a constant speed of 10.5 m/s can be calculated using the formula:
[tex]t = d/v = 13.5/10.5 m/s = 1.29s[/tex]
Therefore, the total time taken by the sprinter is:
total time = time taken to reach top speed + time taken to cover distance at top speed
= 2.44 s + 1.29 s
= 3.73 s
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A drum rotates around its central axis at an angular velocity of 19.5 rad/s. If the drum then slows at a constant rate of 5.35 rad/s2, (a) how much time does it take and (b) through what angle does it rotate in coming to rest?
The drum rotates through an angle of approximately 70.98 radians in coming to rest. To find the time it takes for the drum to come to rest, we need to use the formula:
final angular velocity = initial angular velocity + (angular acceleration x time)
In this case, the final angular velocity is 0 (since the drum comes to rest), the initial angular velocity is 19.5 rad/s, and the angular acceleration is -5.35 rad/s^2 (since the drum is slowing down).
So we have:
0 = 19.5 - 5.35t
Solving for t, we get:
t = 3.64 seconds
Therefore, it takes 3.64 seconds for the drum to come to rest.
To find the angle through which the drum rotates in coming to rest, we need to use the formula:
angular displacement = (initial angular velocity x time) + (0.5 x angular acceleration x time^2)
In this case, the initial angular velocity is 19.5 rad/s, the time is 3.64 seconds (as we just calculated), and the angular acceleration is -5.35 rad/s^2. So we have:
angular displacement = (19.5 x 3.64) + (0.5 x -5.35 x 3.64^2)
angular displacement = 70.98 radians (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, the drum rotates through an angle of approximately 70.98 radians in coming to rest.
(a) To find the time it takes for the drum to come to rest, we can use the formula for angular acceleration: α = (ωf - ωi) / t, where α is the angular acceleration, ωf is the final angular velocity, ωi is the initial angular velocity, and t is the time. Since the drum comes to rest, ωf = 0.
Given that the drum slows at a constant rate of 5.35 rad/s², we have α = -5.35 rad/s² (negative because it's slowing down) and ωi = 19.5 rad/s.
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
-5.35 = (0 - 19.5) / t
Solving for t, we find that t ≈ 3.64 seconds.
(b) To find the angle through which the drum rotates, we can use the formula θ = ωi*t + 0.5*α*t².
Plugging in the values,
we get θ = 19.5 * 3.64 + 0.5 * (-5.35) * (3.64)².
Calculating this, we find that θ ≈ 35.53 radians.
So, the drum takes approximately 3.64 seconds to come to rest and rotates through an angle of about 35.53 radians in the process.
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The amount of doppler shift in a star is related to the ______________ of the planet around it.
age
brightness
mass
color
The amount of Doppler shift in a star is related to the mass of the planet around it. Doppler shift is a phenomenon in which the light waves emitted by a moving object are shifted towards the red or blue end of the spectrum depending on whether the object is moving away from or towards the observer respectively.
In the case of a star-planet system, the planet orbits the star, causing the star to wobble slightly due to the gravitational pull of the planet. This motion causes a shift in the star's spectral lines, which can be detected and used to infer the planet's mass.
The amount of Doppler shift is proportional to the mass of the planet, meaning that a more massive planet will cause a greater shift in the star's spectral lines. This relationship has been used extensively in exoplanet studies to measure the masses of planets beyond our solar system. By observing the Doppler shift of a star's spectral lines over time, astronomers can infer the presence of an orbiting planet and estimate its mass.
In summary, the amount of Doppler shift in a star is related to the mass of the planet around it. This relationship has been instrumental in discovering and characterizing exoplanets, and continues to be a valuable tool in the search for habitable worlds beyond our solar system.
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Electromagnetic radiation having a 15.0 − µm wavelength is classified as infrared radiation. What is its frequency?
The frequency of electromagnetic radiation with a 15.0 µm wavelength is classified as infrared radiation is 2.0 x 10¹³ Hz.
To calculate the frequency of electromagnetic radiation with a 15.0 µm wavelength classified as infrared radiation, you can use the formula:
Frequency (f) = Speed of light (c) / Wavelength (λ)
The speed of light (c) is approximately 3.0 x 10⁸ meters per second (m/s). First, convert the wavelength from micrometers to meters:
15.0 µm = 15.0 x 10⁻⁶ meters
Now, plug the values into the formula:
f = (3.0 x 10⁸ m/s) / (15.0 x 10⁻⁶ m)
f ≈ 2.0 x 10¹³ Hz
Thus, the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation with a 15.0 µm wavelength classified as infrared radiation is approximately 2.0 x 10¹³ Hz.
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when 1.0-µc point charge is 15 m from a second point charge, the force each one experiences a force of 1.0 µn. what is the magnitude of the second charge? (k = 1/4πε0 = 9.0 × 109 n • m2/c2)
Therefore, the magnitude of the second charge is 0.066 µC.
The electric force between two point charges is given by Coulomb's law: Here F is the force, k is the Coulomb constant, q1 and q2 are the magnitudes of the charges, and r is the distance between the charges.
In this problem, we have two charges with equal magnitudes of 1.0 µC, and they each experience a force of 1.0 µN at a distance of 15 m. Plugging in the given values, we get:
[tex]F = k * (q1 * q2) / r^2[/tex]
1.0 µN =[tex](9.0 * 10^9 N*m^2/C^2)[/tex] *[tex](1.0 uC)^2[/tex] / (15 m)^2
The unknown charge q2:
q2 = [tex]\sqrt{((1.0 uN * 15 m)^2 / (9.0 * 10^9 N*m^2/C^2))}[/tex]
q2 = 0.066 µC
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An aluminum vat is 14m long at the room temperature (20°C). How much longer is it when it contains boiling water at 1 atm pressure?
The change in length of the aluminum vat is 0.027 m.
What is the change in length of the aluminum?The change in length of the aluminum vat can be calculated as follows;
ΔL = αLΔT
Where;
α is the coefficient of linear expansionL is the original length of the aluminum vatΔT is the change in temperaturethe coefficient of expansion of aluminum at 20°C is 24 x 10⁻⁶/C
The change in length is calculated as;
ΔL = 24 x 10⁻⁶ x 14m x (100°C - 20 °C)
water boils at 100°C
ΔL = 0.027 m
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A pursuit spacecraft from the planet Tatooine is attempting to catch up with a Trade Federation cruiser. As measured by an observer on Tatooine, the cruiser is traveling away from the planet with a speed of 0.620 c . The pursuit ship is traveling at a speed of 0.790 c relative to Tatooine, in the same direction as the cruiser.
A) What is the speed of the cruiser relative to the pursuit ship?
B) What is the direction of speed of the cruiser relative to the pursuit ship?
A) To find the speed of the cruiser relative to the pursuit ship, we need to use the relativistic velocity addition formula:
Relative speed = (v1 - v2) / (1 - (v1 * v2) / c^2)
Where v1 is the speed of the pursuit ship, v2 is the speed of the cruiser, and c is the speed of light.
Relative speed = (0.790c - 0.620c) / (1 - (0.790c * 0.620c) / c^2)
Relative speed = (0.170c) / (1 - (0.4898c^2) / c^2)
Relative speed = 0.170c / (1 - 0.4898)
Relative speed ≈ 0.333c
So, the speed of the cruiser relative to the pursuit ship is approximately 0.333c.
B) Since both the cruiser and the pursuit ship are traveling in the same direction away from Tatooine, the direction of the speed of the cruiser relative to the pursuit ship is also in the same direction as their individual speeds.
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Two masses ma = 15kg and mb = 28kg are connected at the two ends of a light inextensible string that goes over a frictionless pulley. Find the acceleration of the masses, and the tension in the string when the masses are released.
The acceleration of the masses is 4.19 m/s² and the tension in the string is 221.4 N when the masses are released.
How to find the acceleration of the masses and the tension in the string?Since the string is light and inextensible, the tension in the string will be the same throughout the length of the string.
Let's assume that the acceleration of both masses is a and that the direction of acceleration is downwards for the mass ma and upwards for the mass mb.
Using Newton's second law of motion for both masses, we can write the following equations:
ma * g - T = ma * a ...(1)
T - mb * g = mb * a ...(2)
where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Adding both equations, we get:
ma * g - mb * g = (ma + mb) * a
Simplifying and solving for a, we get:
a = (ma - mb) * g / (ma + mb)
Substituting the given values, we get:
a = (15 kg - 28 kg) * 9.81 m/s² / (15 kg + 28 kg) = -4.19 m/s²
The negative sign indicates that the acceleration is in the opposite direction to the assumed direction of motion for mass ma.
Substituting the value of a in equation (1), we get:
T = ma * g - ma * a = ma * (g - a) = 15 kg * (9.81 m/s² + 4.19 m/s²) = 221.4 N
Therefore, the acceleration of the masses is 4.19 m/s² and the tension in the string is 221.4 N.
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True or false (The fracture toughness of a material increases with increasing temperature. )
2/ . Creep can be best described as:
A/fast elongation under high load at elevated temperature
B/ slow elongation under high load at elevated temperature
C/ fast elongation under low load at elevated temperature
D- slow elongation under low load at elevated temperature
e/ fast elongation under impact load at elevated temperature
The fracture toughness of a material increases with increasing temperature, the given statement is false because it is not dependent on temperature. Creep can be best described as B. slow elongation under high load at elevated temperature
Fracture toughness is a property of a material that describes its resistance to crack propagation. It is not necessarily dependent on temperature, but rather on the composition and microstructure of the material. However, some materials may exhibit a reduction in fracture toughness at elevated temperatures due to thermal stresses and microstructural changes.
Creep is a deformation mechanism that occurs in materials under prolonged exposure to high stress and temperature, it is a time-dependent process that causes gradual plastic deformation and elongation over time. The elongation is slow and occurs under high load and elevated temperature, and it can lead to structural failure over time if not properly accounted for in design and engineering applications. The first statement is false because it is not dependent on temperature. the second question creep can be best described as B. slow elongation under high load at elevated temperature
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How much energy is radiated each second by one square meter of a star whose temperature is 10,000 K? in the Stefan-Boltzmann law is equal to 5.67 x 10-8 J/m2 sec Ko. a. 5.67 x 1012 J b. 5.67 x 108 J c. 5.67 x 104 J d. 300 nm e. 300,000,000 nm
The energy radiated each second by one square meter of a star whose temperature is 10,000 K is 5.67 x 1[tex]0^{8}[/tex]J. The correct choice is option b.
To find the energy radiated per second by one square meter of a star with a temperature of 10,000 K, we can use the Stefan-Boltzmann law. The formula for the Stefan-Boltzmann law is:
P = σ * [tex]T^{4}[/tex]
where P is the power radiated per unit area (in J/m²sec), σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant (5.67 x 1[tex]0^{-8}[/tex] J/m² sec [tex]K^{4}[/tex]), and T is the temperature in Kelvin (10,000 K).
Plug in the values into the formula
P = (5.67 x 1[tex]0^{-8}[/tex] J/m² sec [tex]K^{4}[/tex]) × (10,000 K[tex])^{4}[/tex]
Calculate the power radiated per unit area
P = (5.67 x 1[tex]0^{-8}[/tex] J/m² sec [tex]K^{4}[/tex]) × (1 x 1[tex]0^{16}[/tex] [tex]K^{4}[/tex])
Multiply the constant by the temperature raised to the power of 4
P = 5.67 x 1[tex]0^{8}[/tex] J/m² sec
Therefore, 5.67 x 1[tex]0^{8}[/tex] J (option b) is the energy radiated each second by one square meter of a star whose temperature is 10,000 K.
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The Previous and current values of a metre are 5,600 Kw and 6, 800kw respectively. If the monthly metre Charge is # 20 and one unit of the kw is #4, calculate the amount to be paid
Explanation:
6800 - 5600 = 1200 kw-hr used
total charge is meter charge + kw-hr charge
= 20 + 4 (1200) = # 4820
all waves have which four characteristics
Answer:it is a
Explanation:because No matter whether you are talking about vibrations or waves, all of them can be characterized by the following four characteristics: amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and speed.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
These 4 are the main characteristics which you should have learned in your class. Hope it helps!
Suppose that we want to make bulb H dimmer than it was in circuit 9 (when 1 glow flowed through it). What will we need to do to the flow through H I1 In circuit 9, suppose that the obstacle presented by the rheostat and the obstacle presented by bulb Hare both of size L) For the sake of being definite, suppose that 1 glow is flowing. If the obstacle presented by the rheostat is doubled then the flow from the battery will decrease Will the flow decrease to less than half of what it was or to more than half of what it was? Explain. 121 What will happen to the pressure difference across the rheostat? Explain. 131 Hint: calculate the pressure difference across the rheostat before and after the rheostat changes. Be sure to use the correct obstacle and flow when doing this What will happen to the pressure difference across bulb H? Explain. 12l What will this do to the brightness of bulb H? Explain
To make bulb H dimmer than it was in circuit 9, you will need to decrease the flow (current) through it.
If the obstacle presented by the rheostat is doubled, the flow from the battery will decrease to less than half of what it was. This is because the overall resistance in the circuit has increased, leading to a reduced current.
The pressure difference (voltage) across the rheostat will increase due to the increased resistance. To calculate the pressure difference before and after the rheostat changes, use Ohm's Law (V=IR) with the correct obstacle and flow values.
The pressure difference across bulb H will decrease, as the overall current in the circuit has reduced due to the increased resistance of the rheostat. This decrease in pressure difference across bulb H will cause its brightness to diminish, making it dimmer than before.
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In a mass spectrometer, germanium atoms have radii of curvature equal to 21.0, 21.6, 21.9, 22.2, and 22.8 cm. The largest radius corresponds to an atomic mass of 76 u.
What are the atomic masses of the other isotopes?
m21.0, m21.6, m21.9, m22.2 = ?
The relative atomic masses of the four germanium isotopes with curvature radii of 21.0, 21.6, 21.9, and 22.2 cm are roughly 1.64 u, 1.68 u, 1.70 u, and 1.72 u.
Why are isotopes' atomic masses different?Isotopes are the same atomic number but different mass number atoms of the same element.
To solve this problem, we can use the equation for the radius of curvature of an ion in a magnetic field:
r = (mv) / (qB)
where r = radius of curvature,
m = mass of the ion
v = velocity of the ion
q = charge of the ion
B = magnetic field strength. We can assume that the charge of the germanium ions is +1 (since they are singly charged ions), and we can use the mass of the isotope with the largest radius of curvature (corresponding to an atomic mass of 76 u) to find the velocity of the ions.
m = (qrB) / v
We can substitute values,
For r = 21.0 cm:
m = (1 x 1.602 x 10^-19 C x 0.25 T x 21.0 cm) / [(2 x 1.67 x 10^-27 kg) x v]
m = 68.4 u / v
For r = 21.6 cm:
m = (1 x 1.602 x 10^-19 C x 0.25 T x 21.6 cm) / [(2 x 1.67 x 10^-27 kg) x v]
m = 70.1 u / v
For r = 21.9 cm:
m = (1 x 1.602 x 10^-19 C x 0.25 T x 21.9 cm) / [(2 x 1.67 x 10^-27 kg) x v]
m = 71.0 u / v
For r = 22.2 cm:
m = (1 x 1.602 x 10^-19 C x 0.25 T x 22.2 cm) / [(2 x 1.67 x 10^-27 kg) x v]
m = 71.8 u / v
The velocity of the ions can then be calculated using the curve with the biggest radius:
r = (mv) / (qB)
v = (qrB) / m
v = (1 x 1.602 x 10^-19 C x 0.25 T x 22.8 cm) / [(2 x 1.67 x 10^-27 kg) x 76 u]
v = 4.17 x 10^4 m/s
The atomic masses of the other isotopes can be determined by substituting this velocity back into each equation:
m21.0 = 68.4 u / 4.17 x 10^4 m/s = 1.64 u
m21.6 = 70.1 u / 4.17 x 10^4 m/s = 1.68 u
m21.9 = 71.0 u / 4.17 x 10^4 m/s = 1.70 u
m22.2 = 71.8 u / 4.17 x 10^4 m/s = 1.72 u
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A boy runs on a circular path of radius R = 28 m with a constant speed u = 4 m/s. Another boy starts from the centre of the path to catch the first boy. The second boy always remains on the radius connecting the centre of the circle and the first boy and maintains magnitude of his velocity constant V = 4 m/s. If the time of chase is (10 + x) sec then
Answer:
We can solve this problem by using the concept of relative motion. Let's assume that the first boy is running in the clockwise direction and the second boy is chasing him in the counterclockwise direction.
Since the second boy always remains on the radius connecting the center of the circle and the first boy, the distance between them is always equal to the radius of the circle, which is 28 m.
Let's denote the distance covered by the first boy as S1 and the distance covered by the second boy as S2. We know that the first boy is running with a constant speed of 4 m/s, so we can write:
S1 = u*t1
where t1 is the time taken by the first boy to complete the chase.
The second boy is moving with a constant velocity of 4 m/s towards the first boy, so we can write:
S2 = V*t2
where t2 is the time taken by the second boy to catch up with the first boy.
Since the second boy is always moving on the radius connecting the center of the circle and the first boy, the distance covered by him is equal to the distance on the circumference of the circle covered by the first boy, minus the distance covered by the first boy along the radius. We can write:
S2 = S1 - 2*pi*R
where pi is the mathematical constant pi (approximately equal to 3.14).
Substituting the values of S1 and S2, we get:
u*t1 = V*t2 + 2*pi*R
Since the time of chase is (10 + x) sec, we can also write:
t1 + t2 = 10 + x
We have two equations and two unknowns (t1 and t2), so we can solve for them. First, we can solve for t2:
t2 = (u*t1 - 2*pi*R) / V
Substituting this in the second equation, we get:
t1 + (u*t1 - 2*pi*R) / V = 10 + x
Simplifying this equation, we get:
t1*(1 + u/V) = 10 + x + 2*pi*R/V
Finally, we can solve for t1:
t1 = (10 + x + 2*pi*R/V) / (1 + u/V)
Substituting the given values of R, u, and V, we get:
t1 = (10 + x + 56*pi) / 20
Simplifying this expression, we get:
t1 = 2.8*pi + 0.5*x + 2.8
Therefore, the time taken by the first boy to complete the chase is 2.8*pi + 0.5*x + 2.8 seconds.
Explanation:
this gives me nightmare
A cannonball is fired from a gun and lands 630 meters away at a time 12 seconds. What is the y-component of the initial velocity?
The y-component of the initial velocity is 588.8 m/s.
How we can annonball is fired lands 630 meters away at a time 12 seconds?We can use the equations of motion to solve this problem. Since the cannonball is fired horizontally, the initial vertical velocity is zero, and the only acceleration acting on the ball is due to gravity, which is downward and has a magnitude of 9.8 m/s².
The equation we will use is:
d = [tex]vit + 1/2at²[/tex]
where d is the horizontal distance traveled, vi is the initial velocity in the horizontal direction, a is the acceleration due to gravity (in the vertical direction), and t is the time of flight.
Since the vertical velocity is zero, we can set viy (the initial velocity in the vertical direction) equal to zero. We can also set d equal to 630 meters and t equal to 12 seconds. Solving for vix (the initial velocity in the horizontal direction), we get:
630 = vix ˣ 12
vix = 52.5 m/s
Now, we can find the time it takes for the cannonball to reach the ground by using the equation:
h = [tex]1/2gt²[/tex]
where h is the initial height of the cannonball (which we assume to be zero). Solving for t, we get:
t = [tex]sqrt(2h/g)[/tex] = [tex]sqrt(2 ˣ 0 / 9.8)[/tex] = 0 seconds
This means that the total time of flight is 12 seconds, and we can use the time and the vertical acceleration to find the initial vertical velocity, viy:
h = viyˣt + 1/2gt²
0 = viy ˣ 12 - 1/2(9.8)(12)²
viy = 588.8 m/s[tex]sqrt(2h/g)[/tex]
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If m=50 kg and a=2 m/s², what is force?
Answer:
Explanation:
by Newton's second law:
F = m*a
F = 50*2 = 100 Newton
A full elevator has a mass of 1785.kg. You would like the elevator to go down at a constant speed of 0.650 m/s. What is the power rating of the motor that can handle this?
Power rating of the motor will be 11.38 kW
To calculate the power rating of the motor needed to move the elevator at a constant speed, we can use the formula for power:
Power = Force x Velocity
First, we need to determine the force acting on the elevator. Since it is moving at a constant speed, the force is equal to the gravitational force:
Force = Mass x Gravity
Force = 1785 kg x 9.81 m/s²
Force = 17505.85 N
Now, we can calculate the power:
Power = Force x Velocity
Power = 17505.85 N x 0.650 m/s
Power = 11378.8025 W
So, the power rating of the motor required to move the elevator downwards at a constant speed of 0.650 m/s is approximately 11,378.8 W or 11.38 kW.
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a proton with a kinetic energy of 4.8×10−16 jj moves perpendicular to a magnetic field of 0.37 t. What is the radius of its circular path in cm?
To determine the radius of the proton's circular path, we can use the formula for the centripetal force acting on a charged particle moving in a magnetic field:
F = qvb
where F is the centripetal force, q is the charge of the particle, v is its velocity, and B is the magnetic field strength.
The centripetal force is provided by the magnetic force, which can be expressed as:
F = mv^2 / r
where m is the mass of the particle and r is the radius of the circular path.
Equating these two expressions for F, we get:
mv^2 / r = qvb
Solving for r, we get:
r = mv / qb
To find the velocity of the proton, we can use the formula for the kinetic energy of a particle:
KE = (1/2)mv^2
Solving for v, we get:
v = sqrt(2KE / m)
Substituting this expression for v into the equation for r, we get:
r = sqrt(2KE / m) * m / qb
Substituting the given values, we get:
r = sqrt(2 * 4.8×10^-16 / 1.67×10^-27) * 1.67×10^-27 / (1.6×10^-19 * 0.37)
r = 0.010 cm (rounded to three significant figures)
Therefore, the radius of the proton's circular path is 0.010 cm.
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steam undergoes an isentropic compression in an insulated piston–cylinder assembly from an initial state where t1 = 120°c, p1 = 1 bar to a final state where the pressure p2 = 40 bar.
The final temperature of the steam after undergoing an isentropic compression from an initial state where t1 = 120°C and p1 = 1 bar to a final state where p2 = 40 bar is 216.7°C. When steam undergoes an isentropic compression in an insulated piston-cylinder assembly, the process is adiabatic and reversible. This means that there is no heat transfer and the entropy remains constant.
In this scenario, the initial state of the steam is given by t1 = 120°C and p1 = 1 bar. The final state is given by p2 = 40 bar. Since the process is isentropic, we can assume that the entropy at the final state is equal to the entropy at the initial state.
To find the final temperature of the steam, we can use the steam tables to look up the specific volume at the initial and final states. From there, we can use the ideal gas law to calculate the final temperature.
Assuming that the steam is an ideal gas, the equation of state is given by:
pV = mRT
where p is the pressure, V is the specific volume, m is the mass, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.
Since the process is adiabatic, we know that Q = 0. Therefore, we can use the equation for isentropic processes:
p1V1 = p2V2
where k is the ratio of specific heats. For steam, k is approximately 1.3.
Using the steam tables, we can find that the specific volume of the steam at the initial state is V1 = 1.694 m/kg. We can also find that the specific volume of the steam at the final state is V2 = 0.025 m/kg.
Plugging these values into the equation for isentropic processes, we get:
1*1.694 = 40*0.025
Solving for the final temperature, we get:
T2 = (p2V2)/(mR) = (40*0.025)/(1*0.4615) = 216.7°C
Therefore, the final temperature of the steam after undergoing an isentropic compression from an initial state where t1 = 120°C and p1 = 1 bar to a final state where p2 = 40 bar is 216.7°C.
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The final temperature of the steam after undergoing an isentropic compression from an initial state where t1 = 120°C and p1 = 1 bar to a final state where p2 = 40 bar is 216.7°C. When steam undergoes an isentropic compression in an insulated piston-cylinder assembly, the process is adiabatic and reversible. This means that there is no heat transfer and the entropy remains constant.
In this scenario, the initial state of the steam is given by t1 = 120°C and p1 = 1 bar. The final state is given by p2 = 40 bar. Since the process is isentropic, we can assume that the entropy at the final state is equal to the entropy at the initial state.
To find the final temperature of the steam, we can use the steam tables to look up the specific volume at the initial and final states. From there, we can use the ideal gas law to calculate the final temperature.
Assuming that the steam is an ideal gas, the equation of state is given by:
pV = mRT
where p is the pressure, V is the specific volume, m is the mass, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.
Since the process is adiabatic, we know that Q = 0. Therefore, we can use the equation for isentropic processes:
p1V1 = p2V2
where k is the ratio of specific heats. For steam, k is approximately 1.3.
Using the steam tables, we can find that the specific volume of the steam at the initial state is V1 = 1.694 m/kg. We can also find that the specific volume of the steam at the final state is V2 = 0.025 m/kg.
Plugging these values into the equation for isentropic processes, we get:
1*1.694 = 40*0.025
Solving for the final temperature, we get:
T2 = (p2V2)/(mR) = (40*0.025)/(1*0.4615) = 216.7°C
Therefore, the final temperature of the steam after undergoing an isentropic compression from an initial state where t1 = 120°C and p1 = 1 bar to a final state where p2 = 40 bar is 216.7°C.
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