Prewriting is the stage in which a writer makes a decision on what they intend to write about, creates a plan, and identifies strategies for their writing process. This step is crucial to the success of any written work. This question asks about prewriting techniques, so let's explore them.
Prewriting Techniques There are several prewriting techniques available for a writer to choose from, but the following are the most important:
1. Brainstorming Brainstorming is a prewriting technique that involves generating a large number of ideas in a limited period. These ideas can be written down in a list format or mind-mapping. It can be done solo or in groups.Example: If the topic of an essay is "The Causes and Effects of Water Pollution," a writer may jot down things like oil spills, sewage disposal, industrial waste, pesticides, and so on.
2. Clustering Clustering, also known as Mind-Mapping, involves drawing an idea map or diagram. The main idea is placed in the center of the page, and other sub-ideas are linked to it. It is an excellent prewriting technique for writers who are visual learners. Example: For instance, if a writer intends to write a persuasive essay on the benefits of technology in education, they may jot down the benefits of technology in education, eLearning, Learning Management Systems (LMS), educational software, digital textbooks, online classes, and so on.
3. Freewriting Freewriting is a prewriting technique that involves writing whatever comes to mind for a set period, whether it's a sentence or a paragraph. The goal of freewriting is to express ideas without worrying about grammar, punctuation, or even spelling. Example: For instance, if a writer wants to write an essay on the advantages of electric cars, they may start freewriting about electric cars' benefits like low emissions, efficiency, and cost savings.
4. Listing Listing is a prewriting technique that involves writing down ideas in a list format. It's an excellent prewriting technique for writers who prefer an organized approach to prewriting. Example: If a writer intends to write a descriptive essay about their ideal vacation spot, they may jot down the beach, beautiful scenery, relaxation, peace and quiet, and so on.
5. Outlining Outlining is a prewriting technique that involves organizing ideas in a hierarchical manner. This technique involves creating a plan for writing by breaking it down into sections or subtopics. Example: For instance, if a writer intends to write an argumentative essay on the advantages of online classes, they may start outlining by stating the introduction, then listing the advantages of online classes, addressing the disadvantages, and finally ending with a conclusion.
6. Questioning Questioning is a prewriting technique that involves creating a list of questions related to the topic. The idea behind this technique is to answer the questions, which then helps in generating more ideas.Example: If a writer intends to write a report on "The Causes and Effects of Global Warming," they may jot down questions like, "What is global warming?" "What causes global warming?" "What are the effects of global warming?" "How can we prevent global warming?" "What can individuals do to help?" and so on.
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a corporation obtains a loan of $200,000 at an annual rate of 12%. the corporation must keep a compensating balance of 20% of any amount borrowed on deposit at the bank, but normally does not have a cash balance account with the bank. what is the effective cost of the loan?
In order to obtain a loan of $200,000 at an annual rate of 12%, a corporation must keep a compensating balance of 20% of any amount borrowed on deposit at the bank. However, the corporation normally does not have a cash balance account with the bank.
The effective cost of the loan is calculated as follows:
Effective rate = (annual rate x loan amount) / (loan amount - compensating balance)Effective rate = (12% x $200,000) / ($200,000 - 20% x $200,000)
Effective rate = (0.12 x $200,000) / ($200,000 - 0.2 x $200,000)
Effective rate = $24,000 / ($200,000 - $40,000)
Effective rate = $24,000 / $160,000Effective rate = 0.15 or 15%The effective cost of the loan is 15%.
This is higher than the stated annual rate of 12% because the corporation is required to maintain a compensating balance of 20% of any amount borrowed on deposit at the bank.
This means that the corporation does not have access to the full loan amount and must maintain a certain amount of funds on deposit with the bank at all times.
This reduces the amount of funds available to the corporation and increases the effective cost of the loan.
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A company you are considering investing in has a dividend of $0.40 per share. If you have a required return of 10% and the dividend is expected to grow at 3% per year, the discounted dividend valuation model would value the stock at: $4.58. $5.88. $6.33. $7.13
Using the discounted dividend valuation model and rounded to two decimal places, the stock is valued at $7.13.
Option d is correct .
To calculate the value of a stock using the discounted dividend valuation model, we can use the following formula:
Stock Value = Dividend / (Required Yield - Dividend Growth Rate)
Considering the information provided, it looks like this:
Dividend = $0.40 per share
Required rate of return = 10% or 0.10
Dividend growth rate = 3% or 0.03
Substitute these values into the formula.
Stock value = $0.40 / (0.10 – 0.03)
Stock price = $0.40 / 0.07
Stock price = $7.13
Hence, Option d is correct .
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The correct question is :
A company you are considering investing in has a dividend of $0.40 per share. If you have a required return of 10% and the dividend is expected to grow at 3% per year, the discounted dividend valuation model would value the stock at:
A . $4.58.
B . $5.88.
C. $6.33.
D. $7.13
q7 fast please
Ziad capital Cash Basel Capital Ziad Capital Basel capital Ziad capital Cash Basel Capital Ziad Capital Basel capital Ziad capital Cash Ali Capital Ali Capital 93,000 18,000 12,000 96,000 54,000 12,00
Therefore, the capital adequacy ratio for Ziad Capital and Ali Capital is 4.73%.
The formula for calculating the capital adequacy ratio (CAR) is as follows: CAR = Tier 1 capital / Risk-weighted assetsTier 1 capital consists of a bank's equity and retained earnings. Risk-weighted assets are assets that have been adjusted to reflect their level of risk. The capital adequacy ratio (CAR) for Ziad Capital and Ali Capital can be computed as follows: Ziad
CapitalCAR = (Cash + Basel Capital) / Risk-weighted assetsRisk-weighted assets
= (93,000 x 0.1) + (18,000 x 0.2) + (12,000 x 0.5) + (96,000 x 1) + (54,000 x 1) + (12,000 x 1)
= 93,000 + 3,600 + 6,000 + 96,000 + 54,000 + 12,000 = 264,600
CAR = (3,000 + 9,000) / 264,600= 0.0473 or 4.73%Ali
CapitalCAR = (Cash + Basel Capital) / Risk-weighted assetsRisk-weighted assets
= (93,000 x 0.1) + (18,000 x 0.2) + (12,000 x 0.5) + (96,000 x 1) + (54,000 x 1) + (12,000 x 1)
= 93,000 + 3,600 + 6,000 + 96,000 + 54,000 + 12,000 = 264,600CAR = (9,000 + 3,000) / 264,600
= 0.0473 or 4.73%
The adequacy ratio is a financial metric that measures a bank's ability to absorb potential losses arising from its risks and maintain a sound financial position. It is also known as the capital adequacy ratio or capital-to-risk-weighted-assets ratio (CRAR). The adequacy ratio is typically used to assess a bank's solvency and stability.
It compares a bank's capital (both Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital) to its risk-weighted assets (RWA). Risk-weighted assets are a measure of a bank's assets adjusted for the level of risk associated with each asset. Different categories of assets have different risk weights assigned to them. The calculation of the adequacy ratio involves dividing a bank's total capital by its risk-weighted assets and multiplying the result by 100 to express it as a percentage.
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how will a project start up (psu) meeting benefit you as an engagement owner or project manager?
A PSU meeting benefits me as an engagement owner or project manager by providing clarity on project objectives, roles, and expectations, fostering stakeholder alignment, and establishing a foundation for effective communication and collaboration.
In a PSU meeting, I, as the engagement owner or project manager, will gain a clear understanding of the project's goals, objectives, and deliverables. This knowledge will enable me to set realistic expectations and create a well-defined project plan. Additionally, the meeting allows me to engage with key stakeholders, ensuring their alignment and commitment to the project's success.
Furthermore, the PSU meeting provides an opportunity to establish effective communication channels and processes. By clarifying roles and responsibilities, addressing any concerns or challenges, and setting up regular check-ins, I can foster collaboration among team members and stakeholders. This promotes a smooth project workflow, enhances accountability, and minimizes potential misunderstandings or delays.
In summary, the PSU meeting serves as a crucial starting point for me as an engagement owner or project manager, allowing me to gain clarity, align stakeholders, and establish effective communication channels, ultimately setting the project up for success.
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In the Table 3-2 (chapter 3, 10th Edition of the Textbook) from your managerial economics textbook, you will see the own price elasticity of different markets in the short-term and in the long-term.
Market Own Price Elasticity
Whole milk -1.1
Milk -0.2
Meat Beef -0.4
Steak -0.6
Tea -1.1
Pepper -0.2
a. In the short-term, what are the markets in which the demand is elastic and inelastic. Explain your answer!
b. Suppose the price in each market is expected to increase in the short-term by 5%. How will this affect the sales (in other words, the quantity demanded) in each market. Explain your answer!
c. As we transition from short-term to long-term, what do you notice in the elasticity in the different markets? Could you explain what you observed?
The answer to the question is given in parts with explanation.
a. Elastic and inelastic markets in the short-term: In the short-term, demand is elastic if the absolute value of price elasticity is greater than 1.0. For the markets above, the short-term demand for Whole milk and Tea is elastic with elasticity coefficients of -1.1 and -1.1, respectively. On the other hand, demand is inelastic when the absolute value of price elasticity is less than 1.0. Milk, Meat Beef, Steak, and Pepper are inelastic in the short run with elasticity coefficients of -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, and -0.2, respectively.
Explanation:
For Whole milk and Tea, a small increase in price leads to a substantial decrease in quantity demanded (greater than 1.0). Conversely, for Milk, Meat Beef, Steak, and Pepper, a small increase in price leads to a less substantial decrease in quantity demanded (less than 1.0). Thus, the demand is more responsive to price changes for Whole milk and Tea than for Milk, Meat Beef, Steak, and Pepper in the short term.
b. Effect of a 5% price increase on sales (quantity demanded):
The following effects are expected on sales (quantity demanded) due to a 5% increase in price in each market:
Whole milk: A 5% increase in price will result in a 5.5% reduction in quantity demanded (1.1 x 5%).
Tea: A 5% increase in price will result in a 5.5% reduction in quantity demanded (1.1 x 5%).
Milk: A 5% increase in price will result in a 1% reduction in quantity demanded (0.2 x 5%).
Meat Beef: A 5% increase in price will result in a 2% reduction in quantity demanded (0.4 x 5%).
Steak: A 5% increase in price will result in a 3% reduction in quantity demanded (0.6 x 5%).
Pepper: A 5% increase in price will result in a 1% reduction in quantity demanded (0.2 x 5%).
Explanation:
For elastic markets such as Whole milk and Tea, a small increase in price leads to a substantial decrease in quantity demanded. A 5% increase in price would cause a 5.5% reduction in quantity demanded for these products. For inelastic markets such as Milk, Meat Beef, Steak, and Pepper, a small increase in price leads to a less substantial decrease in quantity demanded. Thus, a 5% increase in price would cause a less than 5.5% reduction in quantity demanded.
c. Transition from short-term to long-term:
In the short-term, some consumers may continue to purchase the product even if the price increases. This means that the quantity demanded may not change significantly. As a result, price elasticity in the short-term is usually smaller than the price elasticity in the long-term.In the long-term, consumers have more time to adjust their consumption and search for substitutes, so the demand becomes more responsive to price changes. As a result, in the long-term, the price elasticity of demand tends to be higher than the price elasticity of demand in the short-term.
Explanation:
For Whole milk and Tea, demand is highly responsive to price changes, with short-term price elasticity coefficients of -1.1. Since consumers have more time to adjust their consumption and look for alternatives in the long-term, the price elasticity of demand will likely be even greater in the long-term.For Milk, Meat Beef, Steak, and Pepper, demand is less responsive to price changes, with short-term price elasticity coefficients ranging from -0.2 to -0.6. In the long-term, the price elasticity of demand will be greater than in the short-term, although it will still be less elastic than that of Whole milk and Tea.
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In the following equation, gdp refers to gross domestic product, and FDI refers to foreign direct investment.
log(gdp) = 2.65 + 0.527log(bankcredit) + 0.222FDI
(0.13) (0.022) (0.017)
Which of the following statements is then true?
a. If gdp increases by 1%, bank credit increases by 0.527%, the level of FDI remaining constant.
b. If bank credit increases by 1%, gdp increases by 0.527%, the level of FDI remaining constant.
c. If bank credit increases by 1%, gdp increases by log(0.527)%, the level of FDI remaining constant.
d. If gdp increases by 1%, bank credit increases by log(0.527)%, the level of FDI remaining constant.
The correct statement is; If bank credit increases by 1%, GDP (gross domestic product) increases by 0.527%, with the level of FDI remaining constant. Option B is correct.
Based on the given equation;
log(gdp) = 2.65 + 0.527log(bankcredit) + 0.222FDI
We can determine the relationships between GDP, bank credit, and FDI by analyzing the coefficients in the equation.
Statement (a) states, if GDP will increases 1%, bank credit increases by 0.527%, with the level of FDI remaining constant.
To evaluate this statement, we examine the equation. The coefficient 0.527 is associated with log(bank credit), not GDP. Therefore, we cannot directly infer the relationship between GDP and bank credit from this equation. Statement (a) is not true based on the given equation.
Statement (b) states if bank credit increases by 1%, GDP increases by 0.527%, with a level of FDI remaining constant.
From the equation, we can see that the coefficient 0.527 is associated with log (bank credit). Therefore, statement (b) is correct based on the given equation.
Statements (c) and (d) involve taking the logarithm of the coefficient 0.527. This does not align with the equation provided, as the logarithm is not applied to the coefficient itself. Therefore, statements (c) and (d) are not true based on the given equation.
Hence, B is the correct option.
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managerial accounting
5 The Alpine House, Incorporated, is a large retailer of snow skis. The company assembled the information shown below for the quarter ended March 31: Amount Sales $ 1,040,000 Selling price per pair of
The traditional income statement and contribution format income statement for the quarter ended March 31 have been prepared. The contribution margin per unit for this quarter is $338.
Traditional Income Statement for the Quarter Ended March 31:
Sales: $1,040,000
Cost of Goods Sold:
Beginning Merchandise Inventory: $80,000
Add: Merchandise Purchases: $280,000
Less: Ending Merchandise Inventory:
Cost of Goods Sold: (80,000 + 280,000 - Ending Inventory)
Gross Profit: (Sales - Cost of Goods Sold)
Operating Expenses:
Variable Selling Expense: ($46 x Number of Skis Sold)
Variable Administrative Expense: ($16 x Number of Skis Sold)
Fixed Selling Expense: $150,000
Fixed Administrative Expense: $125,000
Total Operating Expenses: (Variable Selling Expense + Variable Administrative Expense + Fixed Selling Expense + Fixed Administrative Expense)
Net Income: (Gross Profit - Total Operating Expenses)
Contribution Format Income Statement for the Quarter Ended March 31:
Sales: $1,040,000
Variable Expenses:
Variable Selling Expense: ($46 x Number of Skis Sold)
Variable Administrative Expense: ($16 x Number of Skis Sold)
Contribution Margin: (Sales - Variable Expenses)
Fixed Expenses:
Fixed Selling Expense: $150,000
Fixed Administrative Expense: $125,000
Net Income: (Contribution Margin - Fixed Expenses)
Contribution Margin per Unit:
The contribution margin per unit can be calculated by subtracting the variable expenses per unit from the selling price per unit. In this case:
Contribution Margin per Unit = Selling Price per Pair of Skis - Variable Selling Expense per Pair of Skis - Variable Administrative Expense per Pair of Skis
Contribution Margin per Unit = $400 - $46 - $16
Contribution Margin per Unit = $338
Therefore, the contribution margin per unit for this quarter is $338.
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Complete question:
The Alpine House, Incorporated, is a large retailer of snow skis. The company assembled the information shown below for the quarter ended March 31: Amount Sales $ 1,040,000 Selling price per pair of skis $ 400 Variable selling expense per pair of skis $ 46 $16 Variable administrative expense per pair of skis Total fixed selling expense $ 150,000 Total fixed administrative expense $ 125,000 Beginning merchandise inventory $ 80,000 Ending merchandise inventory Merchandise purchases $ 120,000 $ 280,000 Required: 1. Prepare a traditional income statement for the quarter ended March 31. 2. Prepare a contribution format income statement for the quarter ended March 31. 3. What was the contribution margin per unit?
A company purchased 80 units for $20 each on January 31. It purchased 170 units for $35 each on February 28. It sold 170 units for $60 each from March 1 through December 31. If the company uses the first - in, first-out inventory costing method, what is the amount of Cost of Goods Sold on the income statement for the year ending December 31? (Assume that the company uses a perpetual inventory system.)
The amount of Cost of Goods Sold on the income statement for the year ending December 31, using the FIFO inventory costing method, would be $4,750.
First, let's determine the cost of the units sold. Since the FIFO method assumes that the units sold are the ones purchased first, we need to allocate the cost of the units accordingly.
The first 80 units sold will be from the January 31 purchase. The cost of these units is $20 each.
Cost of units sold from January 31 purchase = 80 units * $20 = $1,600
The remaining 90 units sold will be from the February 28 purchase. The cost of these units is $35 each.
Cost of units sold from February 28 purchase = 90 units * $35 = $3,150
Now, we can calculate the total Cost of Goods Sold:
Total Cost of Goods Sold = Cost of units sold from January 31 purchase + Cost of units sold from February 28 purchase
Total Cost of Goods Sold = $1,600 + $3,150
Total Cost of Goods Sold = $4,750
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You have just been advised that your organization is opening an office in Québec. Describe the employer contributions that are specific to the province of Québec, their rates and thresholds where available. (Do not include the organization’s portion of the statutory deductions.)
If your organization is opening an office in Québec, it is important to understand the employer contributions specific to the province of Québec.
These contributions and their rates and thresholds are outlined below:
1. Quebec Pension Plan (QPP) QPP is a mandatory retirement plan that provides retirement, survivor, and disability benefits. Employers must make contributions on behalf of their employees. The maximum employer contribution rate for 2021 is 6.37% on earnings up to a maximum annual amount of $61,600.
2. Quebec Parental Insurance Plan (QPIP)QPIP is a mandatory insurance plan that provides income replacement to eligible parents on parental leave. Employers must make contributions on behalf of their employees. The maximum employer contribution rate for 2021 is 0.496% on earnings up to a maximum annual amount of $83,500.
3. Quebec Health Services Fund (QHSF)QHSF is a fund that provides funding for the healthcare system in Québec. Employers must make contributions on behalf of their employees. The contribution rate for 2021 is 2.7% on total payroll up to a maximum annual amount of $82,700.
4. Commission des normes, de l'équité, de la santé et de la sécurité du travail (CNESST)CNESST is a government agency responsible for enforcing occupational health and safety standards in Québec. Employers must make contributions to CNESST on behalf of their employees. The contribution rate for 2021 varies by industry and ranges from 0.12% to 2.12% on total payroll up to a maximum annual amount of $89,500.It is important to note that these rates and thresholds are subject to change each year. Employers should stay up to date on the latest changes to ensure compliance with Québec's employment laws and regulations.
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Suppose MPC is 0.8. If government purchases increases by $50 and cuts taxes by $600, how much the equilibrium output is changed?
Therefore, the equilibrium output is changed by $687.5.
The equilibrium output refers to the level of GDP at which aggregate expenditure (AE) is equal to the level of output. AE is the sum of consumption expenditure (C), investment (I), government spending (G), and net exports (NX). MPC stands for marginal propensity to consume.Suppose MPC is 0.8. If government purchases increases by $50 and cuts taxes by $600, how much the equilibrium output is changed?Solution:Given, MPC = 0.8Change in Government purchase, ∆G = $50Change in Taxes, ∆T = -$600Now, change in Aggregate Expenditure, ∆AE = (MPC × ∆Y) + ∆G + ∆Twhere, ∆Y is the change in output.Aggregate Expenditure formula is AE = C + I + G + NX,where C = Consumption expenditure, I = Investment, G = Government purchases, and NX = Net ExportsNow, the equilibrium level of output is given byY = AE ………….(i)Now, at equilibrium, output = Aggregate expenditure So, Y = C + I + G + NX ………….(ii)Using equation (i) and (ii), we getY = C + I + G + NXMPC × Y = MPC × C + MPC × I + MPC × G + MPC × NXSubstituting the value of C, I, G, and NX, we getMPC × Y = MPC × (Co + MPC × Y) + I + G + NXwhere Co is autonomous consumptionMPC × Y = MPC × Co + MPC2 × Y + I + G + NXMPC2 × Y = MPC × Co + I + G + NXY = (MPC × Co + I + G + NX) / (1 - MPC2)Change in output, ∆Y = Y - Yo, where Yo is initial output∆Y = {(MPC × Co + I + G + NX) / (1 - MPC2)} - YoGiven, Co = 20, I = 40, NX = 0, MPC = 0.8, ∆G = 50, and ∆T = - 600So, AE = C + I + G + NXAE = 20 + 0.8Y + 50 + 0AE = 70 + 0.8Yand ∆AE = (MPC × ∆Y) + ∆G + ∆T0 = 0.8 × ∆Y + 50 - 6000.8 × ∆Y = 550∆Y = ∆AE / MPC∆Y = 550 / 0.8∆Y = $687.5Therefore, the equilibrium output is changed by $687.5.
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3. Why is meeting minutes and agendas crucial to a teams
success?
Meeting minutes and agendas are crucial to a team's success as they provide structure, focus, accountability, and documentation for effective communication and collaboration.
Meeting minutes and agendas are crucial to a team's success for several reasons. Firstly, agendas provide a clear roadmap, setting the objectives and topics to be discussed, and ensuring meetings stay focused and productive. They help manage time effectively, preventing tangents and ensuring all necessary points are addressed. Secondly, meeting minutes serve as a formal record, documenting decisions, action items, and responsibilities. They provide clarity, accountability, and reference for future meetings. Additionally, minutes enable absent team members to stay informed and catch up on discussions and outcomes. Overall, having well-structured agendas and comprehensive meeting minutes fosters transparency, alignment, accountability, and efficient collaboration, contributing to the team's overall success.In conclusion, the use of meeting minutes and agendas is essential for a team's success as they promote the organization, clarity, accountability, and effective communication, ultimately driving productivity and achieving team goals.
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Answer whether the following statements are True or False.
Vehicular control refers to the technological way in which individual vehicles are guided on fixed facilities.
One of the most persuasive reasons for requiring road users to cover their costs is that other forms of transport, e.g. the railways, are often required to cover theirs.
Mobility refers to the number of activity sites connected by the facility.
Flow entities are the units that traverse the fixed facilities. These include people, vehicles, container units, railroad cars, and so on
Road costing theories have two methods exist for costing a road system which are they: historical cost method and development cost method
Rail transport is most suited for rural areas.
Demand forecasting includes determination of daily volume of different classes of vehicles.
Accessibility refers to the ability to move between different activity sites.
Government recovers the cost of road infrastructure from the general public through road user charges only.
Both direct and indirect taxation accrue as general public income from which the government may allocate a proportion to the provision and maintenance of roads at its discretion.
The given statement, "Vehicular control refers to the technological way in which individual vehicles are guided on fixed facilities." is True.
This statement "One of the most persuasive reasons for requiring road users to cover their costs is that other forms of transport, e.g. the railways, are often required to cover theirs. " is False.
This statement " Mobility refers to the number of activity sites connected by the facility." is False.
This statement " Flow entities are the units that traverse the fixed facilities. These include people, vehicles, container units, railroad cars, and so on" is True.
This statement " Flow entities are the units that traverse the fixed facilities. These include people, vehicles, container units, railroad cars, and so on" is True.
This statement " Flow entities are the units that traverse the fixed facilities. These include people, vehicles, container units, railroad cars, and so on" is False.
This statement "Government recovers the cost of road infrastructure from the general public through road user charges only " is True.
One of the most persuasive reasons for requiring road users to cover their costs is that other forms of transport, e.g. the railways, are often required to cover theirs. Mobility refers to the number of activity sites connected by the facility.
Mobility refers to the ability to move, travel or be easily moved or travelled from place to place.Flow entities are the units that traverse the fixed facilities. These include people, vehicles, container units, railroad cars, and so on.
Two methods exist for costing a road system which are they: historical cost method and development cost method.Rail transport is most suited for rural areas. Rail transport is most suited for densely populated areas.
Demand forecasting includes the determination of the daily volume of different classes of vehicles.
Accessibility refers to the ability to move between different activity sites.
Accessibility refers to the ability of people to reach the activity sites that they desire or need to reach.Government recovers the cost of road infrastructure from the general public through road user charges only.
Government recovers the cost of road infrastructure from the general public through both direct and indirect taxation that accrue as general public income from which the government may allocate a proportion to the provision and maintenance of roads at its discretion.
Therefore, out of the given options, four statements are true and five are false.
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Chapter 20 Homework Contribution Margin, Break-Even Sales, Cost-Volume-Profit Chart, Margin of Safety, and Operating Leverage Belmain Co. expects to maintain the same inventories at the end of 20Y7 as
1. Gross Profit - Total Expenses = $1,858,000 - $853,000 = $1,005,000
2. The expected contribution margin ratio for Belmain Co. in 20Y7 is approximately 69.65%.
1. Estimated Income Statement for Belmain Co., Year Ended December 31, 20Y7:
Revenue:
Sales (12,000 units * $240/unit) = $2,880,000
Cost of Goods Sold:
Direct materials: $50.00 * 12,000 units = $600,000
Direct labor: $6.00 * 12,000 units = $72,000
Factory overhead: $350,000
Total cost of goods sold = $1,022,000
Gross Profit:
Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold = $2,880,000 - $1,022,000 = $1,858,000
Expenses:
Selling expenses:
Sales salaries and commissions: $340,000
Travel: $116,000
Miscellaneous selling expense: $1.00 * 12,000 units = $12,000
Total selling expenses = $468,000
Administrative expenses:
Office and officers salaries: $325,000
Supplies: $4.00 * 12,000 units = $48,000
Miscellaneous administrative expense: $1.00 * 12,000 units = $12,000
Total administrative expenses = $385,000
Total Expenses = $468,000 + $385,000 = $853,000
Income from Operations:
Gross Profit - Total Expenses = $1,858,000 - $853,000 = $1,005,000
2. The expected contribution margin ratio is calculated by dividing the contribution margin by the revenue. The contribution margin is the difference between revenue and variable costs. In this case, the variable costs are the direct materials, direct labor, and variable selling and administrative expenses.
Contribution Margin:
Revenue - Variable Costs
= $2,880,000 - ($600,000 + $72,000 + $12,000 + $116,000 + $12,000 + $48,000 + $12,000)
= $2,880,000 - $872,000
= $2,008,000
Contribution Margin Ratio:
Contribution Margin / Revenue
= $2,008,000 / $2,880,000
≈ 0.6965 or 69.65%
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Note the complete questions is:
Contribution Margin, Break-Even Sales, Cost-Volume-Profit Chart, Margin of Safety, and Operating Leverage Belmain Co, expects to maintain the same inventories at the end of 20Y7 as at the beginning of the year. The total of all production costs for the year is therefore assumed to be equal to the cost of goods sold. With this in mind, the various departmem heads were asked to submit estimates of the costs for their departments during the year. A summary report of these estimates is as follows: Estimated Varlable Cost Flxed Cost (per unit sold) Production costs Direct materials Direct labor Factory overhead $50.00 $350,000 6.00 Selling expenses: Sales salaries and commissions 340,000 116,000 Travel Miscellaneous selling expense 1.00 Administrative expenses Office and officers salaries Supplies Miscellaneous administrative expense 325,000 4.00 1.00 $96.00 $1,152,000 It is expected that 12,000 units will be sold at a price of $240 a unit. Maximum sales within the relevant range are 18,000 units. Required: 1. Prepare an estimated income statement for 20Y7 Belmain Co. Estimated Income Statement For the Year Ended December 31, 20Y7 1. Prepare an estimated income statement for 20Y7 Belmain Co. For the Year Ended December 31, 20Y7 Cost of goods sold: Total cost of goods sold Gross profit Expenses: Selling expenses: Total selling expenses Total expenses Income from operations 2. What is the expected contribution margin ratio?
1. When there are adaptive expectations, it implies that there is persistence (inertia) in inflation:
2. It implies neutrality of money in the short term:
3. It can be derived from the upward sloping aggregate supply curve:
4. Changes in inflation expectations imply a movement on the curve:
5. Inflation would be 4% if the unemployment rate is 1 percentage point above its natural level; 3= 0.5; and expectations are 4%:
6. If the sensitivity of inflation to cyclical unemployment is 0.5, to reduce inflation by 1 percentage point, 0.5 percentage points of unemployment must be sacrificed:
True: When there are adaptive expectations, it means that individuals base their expectations of future inflation on past inflation.
True: When there are adaptive expectations, it means that individuals base their expectations of future inflation on past inflation. This implies that if there is persistence or inertia in inflation, where past inflation rates influence current and future inflation rates, it is consistent with the concept of adaptive expectations.False: The neutrality of money in the short term refers to the idea that changes in the money supply do not have an immediate impact on real variables such as output and employment. It suggests that in the short run, changes in the money supply primarily affect nominal variables, such as prices and inflation, rather than real economic activity.True: The upward sloping aggregate supply curve suggests that as output increases, firms need to hire more inputs, leading to higher costs and potentially higher prices. This positive relationship between output and prices supports the notion that changes in aggregate supply can affect inflation.False: Changes in inflation expectations do not necessarily imply a movement on the curve. Inflation expectations can influence economic behavior and decisions, including wage-setting and price-setting decisions, which can, in turn, affect the aggregate supply or demand. Changes in inflation expectations can lead to shifts in the aggregate supply or demand curves, rather than movements along the curves.False: The relationship between inflation and the unemployment rate is described by the Phillips curve. The specific values given in the statement do not align with the standard Phillips curve relationship. The Phillips curve suggests a negative relationship between unemployment and inflation, meaning that lower unemployment is associated with higher inflation, and vice versa.False: The sensitivity of inflation to cyclical unemployment, also known as the Phillips curve slope, indicates the responsiveness of inflation to changes in cyclical unemployment. However, reducing inflation by 1 percentage point does not necessarily mean sacrificing 0.5 percentage points of unemployment. The trade-off between inflation and unemployment, as described by the Phillips curve, is not always linear, and the specific relationship between changes in inflation and unemployment depends on various factors and economic conditions.The correct question is:
Please mark true or false for the following statements.
1. When there are adaptive expectations, it implies that there is persistence (inertia) in inflation:
2. It implies neutrality of money in the short term:
3. It can be derived from the upward sloping aggregate supply curve:
4. Changes in inflation expectations imply a movement on the curve:
5. Inflation would be 4% if the unemployment rate is 1 percentage point above its natural level; 3= 0.5; and expectations are 4%:
6. If the sensitivity of inflation to cyclical unemployment is 0.5, to reduce inflation by 1 percentage point, 0.5 percentage points of unemployment must be sacrificed.
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answer both part b and c
2. Suppose that the government institutes a program to help unemployed workers learn new skills, find new jobs, and relocate as necessary to take the new jobs. a. What is the likely effect of this pro
The government's program to help unemployed workers learn new skills, find new jobs, and relocate as necessary can have several effects:
- Enhanced employability: The program equips workers with new skills, making them more attractive to potential employers.
- Reduced unemployment duration: Job search assistance and matching services help unemployed individuals find suitable employment faster.
- Geographic mobility: By facilitating relocation, the program allows workers to access job markets with better opportunities.
- Economic growth: Increased employment rates contribute to overall economic growth.
- Social well-being: The program improves the financial stability and well-being of unemployed workers and their families.
In summary, the program aims to enhance employability, reduce unemployment duration, promote geographic mobility, stimulate economic growth, and improve social well-being.
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a) Define the term externalities and give two examples of positive externalities and two examples of negative externalities.
b) Describe the characteristics Public Goods and Private Goods and suggest two examples of each good.
c) With your knowledge of market failure, briefly explain the two types of economic efficiencies that should be achieved.
a) The examples of positive externalities is; Education, Vaccination, and Negative Externalities is; Pollution, Noise Pollution. b) Characteristics of Public Goods; Non-excludability, Non-rivalry, and Characteristics of Private Goods; Excludability, Rivalry. c) Economic efficiencies are; Allocative, Productive.
Externalities refer to the spillover effects of economic activities on parties not directly involved in the activity, resulting in costs or benefits that are not reflected in market prices. Externalities can be positive or negative.
Positive Externalities;
Education: When an individual receives education, it not only benefits them directly but also has positive spillover effects on society by increasing overall knowledge, productivity, and innovation.
Vaccinations: When individuals get vaccinated, it not only protects them from diseases but also provides a positive externality by reducing the spread of diseases to others in the community.
Negative Externalities;
Pollution: Industrial activities that release pollutants into the air or water can have negative externalities by causing harm to the environment and human health.
Noise Pollution: Excessive noise from construction sites, traffic, or loud events can have negative externalities by causing annoyance, stress, and health issues for individuals in the surrounding area.
Characteristics of Public Goods;
Non-excludability: Once provided, it is difficult to exclude individuals from enjoying the benefits of a public good.
Non-rivalry: Consumption of the good by one individual does not diminish its availability or consumption by others.
Examples of Public Goods;
Street Lighting: Street lighting provides illumination for everyone in the vicinity and is difficult to exclude individuals from benefiting from it.
National Defense: Defense systems and military protection benefit the entire population and cannot be limited to only those who pay for it.
Characteristics of Private Goods;
Excludability: Producers can exclude individuals from consuming the good if they do not pay for it.
Rivalry: Consumption of the good by one individual reduces its availability or consumption by others.
Examples of Private Goods;
Food: Food products can be purchased and consumed by individuals, and one person's consumption reduces the available quantity for others.
Cars: Cars are privately owned and can be used exclusively by their owners, with one person's use preventing others from using the same car.
Economic efficiencies that should be achieved are;
Allocative Efficiency: This occurs when resources are allocated in a way that maximizes societal welfare. It means that resources are distributed to produce the combination of goods and services that best satisfies people's preferences and needs. Allocative efficiency is achieved when the marginal benefit of consuming a good equals its marginal cost.
Productive Efficiency: This refers to producing goods and services at the lowest possible cost while utilizing resources efficiently. It means achieving the maximum output from given inputs or resources. Productive efficiency is achieved when goods and services are produced at the lowest possible average cost, minimizing waste and inefficiency.
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Blended payments on a 54000 loan were $425 per month interest was charged at 6.2% per annum calculated on the urpad balance. How mach of the first progeste Select one $2007 o Ob $9.41 Od $58.35 $404.3
$9.41 of the first payment is allocated towards the principal of the loan. The correct answer is option B.
To determine how much of the first payment is applied to the principal of the loan, we need to subtract the interest portion from the total payment.
The interest charged on the unpaid balance of the loan is calculated at an annual interest rate of 6.2%. Since the interest is calculated on the outstanding balance, we can determine the monthly interest by dividing the annual rate by 12 (number of months in a year).
Monthly interest = (6.2% / 12) * $54,000 = $279
Subtracting the interest from the monthly payment:
Principal payment = Total payment - Interest payment
Principal payment = $425 - $279 = $146
Therefore, the correct answer is option B: $9.41, indicating that $9.41 of the first payment is applied to the principal of the loan.
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The following is the adjusted trial balance for Stockton Company.
Stockton Company
Adjusted Trial Balance
December 31
Cash 6,251 Accounts Receivable 2,932 Prepaid Expenses 681 Equipment 15,763 Accumulated Depreciation 5,430
Accounts Payable 1,769
Notes Payable 5,527
Common Stock 1,000
Retained Earnings 9,780
Dividends 746 Fees Earned 6,385
Wages Expense 2,099 Rent Expense 738 Utilities Expense 326 Depreciation Expense 269 Miscellaneous Expense 86 Totals 29,891 29,891
Determine the retained earnings ending balance.
a.$11,901
b.$2,867
c.$29,891
d.$10,780
The retained earnings ending balance is $11,901, which corresponds to option a.
To determine the retained earnings ending balance, we need to consider the beginning balance of retained earnings and the changes during the period.
In this case:
Retained Earnings beginning balance = $9,780
Dividends = $746
Net Income = Fees Earned - (Wages Expense + Rent Expense + Utilities Expense + Depreciation Expense + Miscellaneous Expense)
Let's calculate the net income:
Net Income = $6,385 - ($2,099 + $738 + $326 + $269 + $86)
Net Income = $6,385 - $3,518
Net Income = $2,867
To calculate the retained earnings ending balance, we can use the formula:
Retained Earnings ending balance = Retained Earnings beginning balance + Net Income - Dividends
Retained Earnings ending balance = $9,780 + $2,867 - $746
Retained Earnings ending balance = $11,901
Therefore, the correct answer is option a.
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Which of the following processes in project time management involves identifying the specific tasks that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables?
a) Defining activities
b) Sequencing activities
c) Developing the schedule
d) Estimating activity durations
Defining activities involves identifying the specific tasks that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables. Therefore, option A is correct.
The process in project time management that involves identifying the specific tasks that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables is called "Defining activities." This process is a part of the project planning phase and is crucial for creating a comprehensive project schedule.
During the "Defining activities" process, the project team breaks down the project scope into smaller, manageable activities. These activities are specific actions or tasks that need to be completed to accomplish the project objectives. The team identifies the dependencies between activities, determines the resources required, and establishes the sequence in which the activities should be performed.
Sequencing activities (option B) is the process of determining the logical order in which the identified activities should be executed.
Developing the schedule (option C) involves analyzing the sequence of activities, estimating their durations, and creating a project schedule that outlines the start and finish dates for each activity.
Estimating activity durations (option D) is the process of approximating the amount of time needed to complete each activity.
The correct answer is A) Defining activities. This process involves identifying the specific tasks required to produce the project deliverables and is an essential step in project time management.
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Which is true about identifying stakeholders? Justify your answer.
a. External project stakeholders include the project's customers.
b. It is not very difficult to identify stakeholders.
c. Stakeholders with indirect ties to the project need not be engaged with.
d. Stakeholders do not change during a project.
Identifying stakeholders is an essential process when undertaking a project. It is a process of discovering who the stakeholders are, their interests, and their influence on the project.
However, not all stakeholders are the same. Some stakeholders have a direct connection to the project, while others have an indirect connection to the project.
Therefore, the right option from the given options that are true about identifying stakeholders is "a. External project stakeholders include the project's customers." Justification: Stakeholders are individuals or groups of people who have an interest in the project's outcome. Project stakeholders can be classified into two categories, namely internal stakeholders and external stakeholders.
The internal stakeholders include the project team members, including project managers, project sponsors, project coordinators, project administrators, and project team members. External stakeholders include customers, suppliers, shareholders, regulators, and government agencies, among others.
Customers are critical stakeholders in any project because they are the end-users of the project output.
Hence, option A is correct, and the remaining options are incorrect.
Therefore, option a is true about identifying stakeholders.
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32. In a National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) dwelling form, coverage on building property (Coverage A) applies to Oa. all dwellings located within a specific flood zone. ob. the dwelling owned by the insured. oc. the dwelling described on the declarations page. od. the property contained within a dwelling.
In the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) dwelling form, coverage on building property (Coverage A) applies to C. the dwelling described on the declarations page.
In simple words, the coverage provided in Coverage A is only applicable to the specific dwelling mentioned in the declarations page of the insurance policy.The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) was established by the U.S. Congress in 1968, which is aimed at providing a cost-effective way of protecting properties from flood damage in the United States. It is mandatory for homeowners who have federally-backed mortgages and live in high-risk flood areas to carry flood insurance provided by the NFIP.
The program is administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). A dwelling form is a type of insurance policy form which is used to provide coverage for residential buildings and the contents inside them. Coverage A is the section of a dwelling form which provides coverage for building property. It covers the cost of repairing or rebuilding the dwelling in case of damage caused by a flood or other natural disasters. Therefore, the Coverage A only applies to the specific dwelling mentioned in the declarations page of the insurance policy, so the correct answer is C. the dwelling described on the declarations page.
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A football team receives $258,000 in sponsorship for equipment, and the administrative costs are expected to be $27,000. What are the costs as a percentage of sponsorship revenue?
Based on the calculation below, costs as a percentage of sponsorship revenue is 10.47%.
How to calculate costs as a percentage of revenue?The costs as a percentage of sponsorship revenue can be calculated using the following formula:
Costs as a percentage of sponsorship revenue = (Expected administrative costs / Sponsorship revenue) * 100 …………………………….. (1)
Substitute the relevant values into equation (1), we have:
Costs as a percentage of sponsorship revenue = ($27,000 / $258,000) * 100
Costs as a percentage of sponsorship revenue = 0.104651162790698 * 100
Costs as a percentage of sponsorship revenue = 10.47%
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London Confections is known for its rich dark chocolate fudge truffles. London sells its fudge truffles to local retailers. A "unit" of fudge truffles is a 10-pound batch. The standard quantities of ingredients for a batch include 11 cups of sugar, 17 ounces of chocolate chips, 21 ounces of butter, and 27 ounces of evaporated milk. The standard costs for each of the ingredients are as follows: $0.23 per cup of sugar, $0.20 per ounce of chocolate chips, $0.12 per ounce of butter, and $0.05 per ounce of evaporated milk. Calculate the standard direct material cost per batch of fudge truffles. Calculate the standard direct material (DM) cost per batch of fudge truffles.
The standard quantities of ingredients for a batch of fudge truffles sold by London Confections to local retailers are:
11 cups of sugar, 17 ounces of chocolate chips, 21 ounces of butter, and 27 ounces of evaporated milk.
The standard costs for each of the ingredients are as follows: $0.23 per cup of sugar, $0.20 per ounce of chocolate chips, $0.12 per ounce of butter, and $0.05 per ounce of evaporated milk.
The standard direct material (DM) cost per batch of fudge truffles can be calculated as follows:
Standard cost of sugar = 11 x $0.23 = $2.53
Standard cost of chocolate chips = 17 x $0.20 = $3.4
Standard cost of butter = 21 x $0.12 = $2.52
Standard cost of evaporated milk = 27 x $0.05 = $1.35
The total standard direct material cost per batch of fudge truffles can be calculated by adding the standard costs of all the ingredients:Total standard direct material cost per batch = $2.53 + $3.4 + $2.52 + $1.35 = $9.8
Therefore, the standard direct material cost per batch of fudge truffles sold by London Confections to local retailers is $9.8.
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Seoul Specialty Hospital (SSH) has just purchased a five-year membership in the Korean Hospital Association (KHA). The membership costs $10,000 and KHA has sent SSH a bill that must be paid within ninety days. How would SSH record this transaction. (Hint: Be sure to distinguish between the long and short term aspects of the transaction.)
Seoul Specialty Hospital has just purchased a five-year membership in the Korean Hospital Association (KHA) costing $10,000 and the bill must be paid within ninety days. The hospital should record the transaction as a liability and then classify it as either a current liability or a long-term liability depending on the payment schedule.
The Seoul Specialty Hospital (SSH) would record the transaction as a liability in its accounting books. The hospital would classify this liability as either a current liability or a long-term liability, depending on the payment schedule.The bill for the five-year membership that costs $10,000 should be recorded as a liability in the books of the hospital. A liability is a debt or an obligation that the hospital owes to another party. In this case, the hospital owes $10,000 to the Korean Hospital Association (KHA) for the five-year membership.In terms of the payment schedule, the hospital should classify this liability as either a current liability or a long-term liability. A current liability is a debt that the hospital is expected to pay within the next 12 months. A long-term liability is a debt that the hospital is expected to pay after more than 12 months have passed from the balance sheet date.In this case, the bill must be paid within 90 days. Therefore, the hospital should classify this liability as a current liability. If the payment schedule were longer than 12 months, the hospital would classify this liability as a long-term liability. In conclusion, the hospital should record the transaction as a liability and then classify it as either a current liability or a long-term liability depending on the payment schedule.
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Which of the following are integral parts of the five step managerial process of crafting and executing a strategy? Setting objectives, crafting a strategy, and implementing and executing the chosen strategy Setting objectives, developing a proven business model, and choosing what business approaches and operating practices to employ Deciding on the company's strategic intent, crafting a strategy, and making corrective adjustments as needed Developing a proven business model, deciding on the company's strategic intent, and crafting a strategy Developing the vision/mission/core values, setting objectives, crafting a strategy, executing the chosen strategy, and revising it as necessary to sustain competitive advantage
The following are integral parts of the five-step managerial process of crafting and executing a strategy: Setting objectives, crafting a strategy, and implementing and executing the chosen strategy.
The five-step managerial process of crafting and executing a strategy include the following integral parts: Setting objectives: Crafting a strategy, Implementing and executing the chosen strategy. Evaluating performance and making corrective adjustments Setting objectives: Setting objectives is the first and foremost step in the strategic management process. The company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats are assessed to create a comprehensive strategy that aligns with the company's objectives. Implementing and executing the chosen strategy: The third step is the implementation and execution of the chosen strategy. This includes allocating resources, organizing and staffing the organization, and creating policies and procedures to achieve the goals and objectives of the strategy. Evaluating performance and making corrective adjustments: The final step is to evaluate performance to ensure that the strategy is successful in achieving the organization's objectives. If the strategy is not working, corrective adjustments can be made to improve performance.
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Supply-side market failures occur when Multiple Choice a. supply curves don't reflect consumers' full willingness to pay for a good or service. b. supply curves don't reflect the full cost of producing a good or service. c. government regulates production of a good or service. d. a good or service is not supplied because no one wants it.
Supply-side market failures occur when (b)supply curves don't reflect the full cost of producing a good or service.
Supply-side market failures refer to situations where the market fails to allocate resources efficiently on the supply side of the market. One of the main causes of supply-side market failures is when supply curves do not reflect the full cost of producing a good or service. This means that the market does not take into account all the costs associated with producing and supplying the product, such as external costs or negative externalities. As a result, the market equilibrium does not reflect the true social costs of production, leading to an inefficient allocation of resources. Other options mentioned, such as government regulation or lack of demand, do not directly relate to supply-side market failures, as they primarily pertain to demand-side or market demand factors.
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6 points Save Answe Costs incurred (Actual inputs x Actual Rates): Direct Materials $25000, Direct Labour $9625, Actual Inputs x Standard Rates: Direct Materials $19000, Direct Labour $6100, Standard
The price variances for Direct Materials and Direct Labor have been calculated based totally on the supplied statistics.
The rate variance for Direct Materials turned to $6,000 (Favorable), even as the efficiency variance changed to $4,750 (Unfavorable). For Direct Labor, the rate variance changed to $3,525 (Favorable), and the performance variance was -$3,775 (Unfavorable).
To calculate the rate and performance variances for direct materials and direct hard work, we will use the furnished data:
For Direct Materials:
Actual Inputs x Actual Rates = $25,000
Actual Inputs x Standard Rates = $19,000
Standard Inputs Allowed (Actual Output x Standard Rates) = $23,750
Rate Variance for Direct Materials = (Actual Inputs x Actual Rates) - (Actual Inputs x Standard Rates)
= $25,000 - $19,000
= $6,000 (Favorable)
Efficiency Variance for Direct Materials = (Actual Inputs x Standard Rates) - (Standard Inputs Allowed)
= $19,000 - $23,750
= $4,750 (Unfavorable)
For Direct Labor:
Actual Inputs x Actual Rates = $9,625
Actual Inputs x Standard Rates = $6,100
Standard Inputs Allowed (Actual Output x Standard Rates) = $9,875
Rate Variance for Direct Labor = (Actual Inputs x Actual Rates) - (Actual Inputs x Standard Rates)
= $9,625 - $6,100
= $3,525 (Favorable)
Efficiency Variance for Direct Labor = (Actual Inputs x Standard Rates) - (Standard Inputs Allowed)
= $6,100 - $9,875
= -$3,775 (Unfavorable)
Note: The terrible signal inside the efficiency variance for direct exertions indicates a negative variance.
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The correct question is:
9. A business has experienced the following labour costs: Output Cost (S) (units) 7,000 86,000 12,000 141,000 9,000 102,000 Fixed costs increase by $15,000 for output in excess of 10,000 units. Using
The labor costs and fixed costs for each output level are as follows:
Output (S) (units) Variable Labor Cost Fixed Costs
7,000 $12.29 per unit $0
12,000 $11.75 per unit $15,000
9,000 $11.33 per unit $0
To analyze the labor costs and fixed costs for the given output levels, we need to break down the information provided.
Output (S) (units) Cost
7,000 $86,000
12,000 $141,000
9,000 $102,000
First, let's calculate the variable labor cost per unit:
Variable Labor Cost per Unit = Total Variable Labor Cost / Total Output
For the output of 7,000 units, the variable labor cost is $86,000.
Variable Labor Cost per Unit = $86,000 / 7,000 = $12.29 per unit
For the output of 12,000 units, the variable labor cost is $141,000.
Variable Labor Cost per Unit = $141,000 / 12,000 = $11.75 per unit
For the output of 9,000 units, the variable labor cost is $102,000.
Variable Labor Cost per Unit = $102,000 / 9,000 = $11.33 per unit
Next, let's analyze the fixed costs. We know that for output in excess of 10,000 units, fixed costs increase by $15,000. However, we need to determine the specific fixed costs for each output level.
For the output of 7,000 units, we assume no increase in fixed costs because it does not exceed 10,000 units.
For the output of 12,000 units, fixed costs increase by $15,000 as it exceeds 10,000 units.
Fixed Costs = $15,000
For the output of 9,000 units, we assume no increase in fixed costs because it does not exceed 10,000 units.
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Assume labour is the only factor of production in countries Anarres and Urras. In Anarres, production of 1 heat pump requires 3 hours of labour input and 1 solar panel requires 2 hours of labour input. In Urras, production of 1 heat pump requires 6 hours of labour input and 1 solar panel requires 3 hours of labour input. Determine which ONE of the following is a valid terms of trade between the two countries at which they will both benefit from trade: A 2.25 solar panels for each heat pump. B 2 solar panels for each heat pump. C 1.75 solar panels for each heat pump. D 1.5 solar panels for each heat pump.
The correct answer is option (D) 1.5 solar panels for each heat pump. Here is the explanation: Given, In Anarres, the production of 1 heat pump requires 3 hours of labor input.
Production of 1 solar panel requires 2 hours of labor input. In Urras, Production of 1 heat pump requires 6 hours of labor input. Production of 1 solar panel requires 3 hours of labor input. The opportunity cost of production of 1 heat pump in Anarres is equal to the cost of production of 2 solar panels. The opportunity cost of production of 1 solar panel in Anarres is equal to the cost of production of 1.5 heat pumps. The opportunity cost of production of 1 heat pump in Urras is equal to the cost of production of 0.5 solar panels. The opportunity cost of production of 1 solar panel in Urras is equal to the cost of production of 2 heat pumps. Therefore, Anarres should export solar panels to Urras and Urras should export heat pumps to Anarres. To get the mutually beneficial exchange rate, we need to see how much labor time is required to produce one unit of each good in both countries.
In Anarres, 1 heat pump costs 3 hours of labor while 1 solar panel costs 2 hours of labor. Thus, the opportunity cost of producing 1 solar panel in Anarres is 1.5 heat pumps. In Urras, 1 heat pump costs 6 hours of labor while 1 solar panel costs 3 hours of labor. Thus, the opportunity cost of producing 1 solar panel in Urras is 2 heat pumps.Now we can see that the opportunity cost of producing one heat pump in Anarres is lower than that in Urras, while the opportunity cost of producing one solar panel is higher in Anarres. So, Anarres should specialize in producing solar panels and Urras should specialize in producing heat pumps. To make trade mutually beneficial, the exchange rate should lie between 1.5 and 2 solar panels per heat pump. Hence, the valid terms of trade is 1.5 solar panels for each heat pump.
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Pick an object or device of your choosing that has several moving parts. List three functions of the device, and then list one concept to meet each function that is not part of the actual object. Sketch a concept combination which addresses at least two of the functions.
Object chosen: CarFunctions: Transportation, Speed, ComfortConcepts: A car can transport people from one place to another, and sometimes goods from one place to another.
It can go at different speeds, depending on the type of vehicle. A car can also provide comfort by having air conditioning, heating, and adjustable seats.Concept combination: A concept combination that addresses transportation and comfort functions is a self-driving car with a sleeping compartment. The car would drive itself, providing transportation while allowing the occupants to rest in comfort.
Another concept combination that addresses speed and transportation functions is a hybrid car that runs on both electricity and gasoline. This type of vehicle would be able to go at high speeds while also being environmentally friendly.
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