What is the percentage by mass of sulphur in Al2(SO4)3[A12SO4 =
342g/mol, S = 32]​

Answer:

Adapun frasa INTEGRASI BANGSA atau INTEGRASI NASIONAL sendiri dimaknai dalam dua konteks yakni POLITIS dan ANTROPOLOGIS. Dalam konteks politis, Integrasi Nasional bermakna sebagai penyatuan berbagai macam kelompok sosial juga budaya ke dalam suatu kesatuan wilayah yang membentuk suatu identitas nasional.

Explanation:

Answer : The ΔHo for the given reaction is -244.5 kJ/mol.

Explanation:

Given, the following equations and the corresponding ΔHo values:N2(g) + 2 O2(g) → 2 NO2(g) ΔHo = -107.0 kJ/mol2 NO(g) + O2 → 2 NO2(g) ΔHo = -351.5 kJ/mol

The reaction given is ½ N2(g) + ½ O2(g) → NO(g)

To determine the value of ΔHo for the above process, we can use the given thermochemical equations as follows:

What is meant by thermochemical equation?

Thermochemical equations: The chemical equation which includes the term 'Heat' are referred to as thermochemical equations. They include chemical equations for endothermic reactions and exothermic reactions.

ΔHo for the first equation isΔHo = [2ΔHo (NO2(g))] - [ΔHo (N2(g))] - 2[ΔHo(O2(g))]

We haveΔHo (NO2(g)) = - 107.0 kJ/molΔHo (N2(g)) = 0 kJ/molΔHo (O2(g)) = 0 kJ/mol

To find: ΔHo for the process ½ N2(g) + ½ O2(g) → NO(g)Solution:To obtain the required reaction, we need to subtract equation (1) from equation (2).

The obtained equation is:½ N2(g) + ½ O2(g) → NO(g) ΔHo = [2 NO(g) + O2 → 2 NO2(g)] - [N2(g) + 2 O2(g) → 2 NO2(g)] ΔHo = (-351.5 kJ/mol) - (-107.0 kJ/mol) ΔHo = -244.5 kJ/mol.

Therefore, the ΔHo for the given reaction is -244.5 kJ/mol.

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Given that the x-intercepts of the parabola are -5 and 5 and we need to find out which equation from the given options is that of the parabola.  Option (b) y = (x + 5)(x - 5)

is the equation of a parabola with x-intercepts -5 and +5 in the standard (x, y) coordinate plane.

We know that the x-intercepts of a parabola are the points at which y is zero.

We have two x-intercepts: x = -5 and x = 5. Let's find which equation is correct.

a. y = x² + 25

For x = -5, we have

y = (-5)² + 25 = 50.

It does not satisfy the equation for the x-intercept of -5.

For x = 5, we have

y = (5)² + 25 = 50.

It does not satisfy the equation for the x-intercept of 5.

b. y = (x + 5)(x - 5)

For x = -5, we have

y = (0) (10) = 0.

This satisfies the equation for the x-intercept of -5.

For x = 5, we have

y = (10) (0) = 0.

This satisfies the equation for the x-intercept of 5.

c. y = x(x + 5)(x - 5)

For x = -5, we have

y = (-5) (0) (10) = 0.

This satisfies the equation for the x-intercept of -5.For x = 5, we have

y = (5) (10) (0) = 0.

This satisfies the equation for the x-intercept of 5.

d. y = (x + 5)² - 25

For x = -5, we have

y = (0) - 25 = -25.

It does not satisfy the equation for the x-intercept of -5.

For x = 5, we have

y = (10) - 25 = -15.

It does not satisfy the equation for the x-intercept of 5.

y = (x + 5)(x - 5)

is the equation of a parabola with x-intercepts -5 and +5 in the standard (x, y) coordinate plane.

Hence, the correct answer is option B.

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The gas that has the same density at 316 degrees and 1.50 atm as oxygen (O2) gas at 0 degrees and 1 atm is (d) carbon dioxide (CO2). The solution to this problem requires knowledge of the combined gas law, which is given as: (P1V1/T1) = (P2V2/T2).

Where P = pressure, V = volume, and T = temperature in Kelvin (K).Oxygen (O2) gas at 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atm has a density of 1.429 g/L. The temperature and pressure can be converted to Kelvin and atm, respectively as:0 degrees Celsius = 273 K1 atm = 1.01325 barUsing these values, we can calculate the volume of O2 gas at the given conditions as follows:(1 atm * V) / (273 K) = (1.429 g/L)(1 atm * V) = (1.429 g/L) * (273 K)V = 0.0539 LAt 316 degrees Celsius and 1.50 atm, the density of carbon dioxide (CO2) is also 1.429 g/L. Therefore, using the combined gas law, we can calculate the volume of CO2 gas at these conditions as follows:(1.50 atm * V) / (589 K) = (1.429 g/L)(1.50 atm * V) = (1.429 g/L) * (589 K)V = 0.0494 LThis volume corresponds to the same density of O2 gas at 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atm. Therefore, the answer is (d) carbon dioxide (CO2).

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

Pressure is directly proportional to temperature

The observed emission spectrum of elemental hydrogen gas is; Series of Lines, colors, Balmer Series, and Ultraviolet and Infrared Lines.

The emission spectrum of elemental hydrogen gas consists of a series of discrete and distinct lines of different colors.

Series of Lines; The emission spectrum of hydrogen gas consists of a series of sharp, discrete lines rather than a continuous spectrum. Each line corresponds to a specific transition between energy levels in the hydrogen atom.

Colors; The lines in the hydrogen emission spectrum are of different colors, representing different wavelengths of light. The colors observed in the Balmer series include red, blue-green, violet, and other shades in between.

Balmer Series; The Balmer series is the most prominent and well-known part of the hydrogen emission spectrum. It corresponds to transitions where the electron in the hydrogen atom jumps from higher energy levels (n ≥ 3) to the second energy level (n = 2). The visible lines in the Balmer series include Hα (red), Hβ (blue-green), Hγ (violet), and so on.

Ultraviolet and Infrared Lines; In addition to the visible lines, the hydrogen emission spectrum also includes ultraviolet and infrared lines. The ultraviolet lines belong to the Lyman series (transitions to the first energy level, n = 1), while the infrared lines belong to the Paschen series (transitions to higher energy levels, n > 2).

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Answer:

[tex]Q=20.6\frac{J}{g}[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, according to the equation for the calculation of the heat during a heating process:

[tex]Q=mC(T_f-T_i)[/tex]

It is possible to compute it per gram of ice by just removing m from the equation by dividing at both sides. Next we plug in the given specific heat and the final and initial temperatures to obtain:

[tex]Q=2.06\frac{J}{g\°C}[-15\°C-(-25\°C)] \\\\Q=20.6\frac{J}{g}[/tex]

Best regards!

The ratio of the volumes of the two similar solids, expressed in the lowest terms, is 216:343.

To find the ratio of the volumes of two similar solids with a scale factor of 6:7, we can use the fact that the ratio of the volumes of similar solids is equal to the cube of the scale factor.

The ratio of the volumes of the two similar solids can be expressed as (6/7)³.

To simplify this ratio to its lowest terms, we can cube the numerator and denominator separately.

(6/7)³ = (6³)/(7³) = 216/343

Therefore, the ratio of the volumes of the two similar solids, expressed in lowest terms, is 216:343.

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Answer:

D) The rate of the forward reaction would decrease

Explanation:

The statement that describes effect on the reaction of increasing the temperature is "the rate of the forward reaction would decrease."

Temperature is the measurement of a body's level of hotness or coolness.

The average kinetic energy of the system is measured by temperature. The kinetic energy of particles in a matter raises as they move faster, which boosts the temperature of the system. When two bodies of differing temperatures come into touch, heat is the energy exchanged between them.

The term "exothermic reaction" refers to a reaction that releases energy. An exothermic reaction, in other words, produces heat. The temperature of the reaction will rise unless it is cooled in some way. When you use an external heater to raise the temperature, it slows or reverses the reaction, reducing the number of products while increasing the amount of reactants.

Hence the correct answer is D.

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To calculate the pH at each stage of the titration, we need to consider the reaction between HClO and KOH. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

HClO(aq) + KOH(aq) → KClO(aq) + H2O(l)

Before the addition of any KOH, we have only the HClO solution. HClO is a weak acid, so we can use the ionization constant (Ka) to calculate its initial concentration of H⁺ ions. Since HClO is the only acid present initially, the initial concentration of H⁺ ions is equal to the initial concentration of HClO. Therefore, [H⁺] = 0.220 M.

To calculate the pH after each addition of KOH, we need to determine the amount of HClO that reacts with KOH. From the balanced equation, we can see that the stoichiometric ratio between HClO and KOH is 1:1. This means that for every mole of HClO that reacts, an equal number of moles of H⁺ ions are consumed.

Before addition of any KOH:

[H⁺] = 0.220 M (given)

pH = -log10(0.220) ≈ 0.66

After addition of 25.0 mL KOH:

The amount of HClO reacted can be calculated using the initial concentration and the volume of KOH added. Since the concentration of KOH is the same as HClO, the concentration of HClO remaining is (0.220 M - 0.220 M/4) = 0.165 M. The volume of HClO solution remaining is (50.0 mL - 25.0 mL) = 25.0 mL = 0.025 L. Therefore, [H⁺] = 0.165 M/0.025 L = 6.6 M.

After addition of 35.0 mL KOH:

Following the same calculations as above, [H⁺] = 0.110 M.

After addition of 50.0 mL KOH:

[H⁺] = 0.055 M.

After addition of 60.0 mL KOH:

[H⁺] = 0.022 M.

Keep in mind that pH is a logarithmic scale, so as the concentration of H⁺ ions decreases, the pH value increases.

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The probability that a single carbon-14 (14C) isotope nucleus will decay in a given time period can be calculated using the concept of half-life. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5370 years, which means that after this time period, half of the initial amount of carbon-14 will have decayed into nitrogen-14.

To determine the likelihood of decay for a single 14C nucleus in the next 5370 years, we can say that there is a 50% chance of decay. This is because the half-life is the time it takes for half of the nuclei to decay, so after one half-life, there is a 50% chance that an individual nucleus will have decayed. For the next 200 years, we need to calculate the number of half-lives that occur in that time period. Since each half-life is 5370 years, we can divide 200 by 5370 to find the number of half-lives. The result is approximately 0.037, meaning that less than one-half-life has passed. Therefore, the likelihood of decay for a single 14C nucleus in the next 200 years is low. It is less than 50% because less than one-half-life has passed. However, it is important to note that the decay of an individual nucleus is a random process, and while we can make predictions based on probabilities, it is not possible to determine with certainty whether a specific nucleus will decay within a given time frame.

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Helium, hydrogen, and chlorine are obtained from sources other than the atmosphere. The gases primarily obtained from the atmosphere are nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.

Nitrogen, oxygen, and argon are the main components of Earth's atmosphere and are commonly obtained from the air. They exist in significant quantities in the atmosphere and are often extracted for various industrial and commercial purposes.

On the other hand, helium, hydrogen, and chlorine are not primarily obtained from the atmosphere. Helium is typically extracted from natural gas wells, hydrogen is usually produced from fossil fuels or electrolysis of water, and chlorine is obtained through chemical processes such as electrolysis or from chloride-containing compounds.

The gases primarily obtained from the atmosphere are nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. Helium, hydrogen, and chlorine are obtained from sources other than the atmosphere.

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The aluminum sulfide (Al[tex]_{2}[/tex](SO[tex]_{4}[/tex])[tex]_{3}[/tex])  ) contains aluminum with a mass% of 23.7%. Option A is answer.

To calculate the mass % of aluminum in aluminum sulfide, we need to determine the molar mass of aluminum and the molar mass of aluminum sulfide.

The molar mass of aluminum (Al) is 26.98 g/mol, as indicated by its atomic mass on the periodic table.

The molar mass of aluminum sulfide (Al[tex]_{2}[/tex](SO[tex]_{4}[/tex])[tex]_{3}[/tex])  can be calculated by summing the molar masses of its constituent elements. The molar mass of sulfur (S) is 32.07 g/mol, and the molar mass of oxygen (O) is 16.00 g/mol. There are three sulfur atoms and 12 oxygen atoms in aluminum sulfide.

Therefore, the molar mass of aluminum sulfide is:

(2 * 26.98 g/mol) + (3 * (32.07 g/mol + 4 * 16.00 g/mol)) = 2 * 26.98 g/mol + 3 * 96.28 g/mol = 2 * 26.98 g/mol + 288.84 g/mol = 339.80 g/mol

To calculate the mass % of aluminum in aluminum sulfide, we can use the formula:

(Molar mass of aluminum / Molar mass of aluminum sulfide) * 100

(26.98 g/mol / 339.80 g/mol) * 100 = 7.9446... %

Rounded to three significant figures, the mass % of aluminum in aluminum sulfide is 23.7%. Therefore, the correct answer is Option A.

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h^ ar hidrojen oksijen azot helyum

Answer:

2.268

Explanation:

5 lb × 0.45359237 = 2.26796185 kg

How to convert Pounds to Kilograms

1 pound (lb) is equal to 0.45359237 kilograms (kg).

1 lb = 0.45359237 kg

The mass m in kilograms (kg) is equal to the mass m in pounds (lb) times 0.45359237:

m(kg) = m(lb) × 0.45359237

Example

Convert 5 lb to kilograms:

m(kg) = 5 lb × 0.45359237 = 2.268 kg

Hope this helped!!!

Answer:

2.26796 kg

Explanation:

The number of moles of tin (II) fluoride in 908 grams of tin (II) fluoride is approximately 2.65 moles.

To determine the number of moles of tin (II) fluoride in a given mass, we need to use the concept of molar mass. The molar mass of tin (II) fluoride (SnF₂) is calculated by adding up the atomic masses of its constituent elements: tin (Sn) and fluorine (F).

The atomic mass of tin is 118.71 g/mol, and the atomic mass of fluorine is 18.998 g/mol. By adding these values together, we find that the molar mass of tin (II) fluoride is 156.71 g/mol.

To calculate the number of moles in a given mass, we use the formula:

Number of moles = Mass (in grams) / Molar mass.

In this case, we have 908 grams of tin (II) fluoride. Plugging the values into the formula, we get:

Number of moles = 908 g / 156.71 g/mol = 2.65 moles.

Understanding the relationship between mass, moles, and molar mass is fundamental in chemistry. This concept allows us to convert between different units and make quantitative calculations.

The molar mass plays a crucial role in determining the number of moles in a given mass and vice versa. Exploring further applications of moles and molar mass, such as stoichiometry and chemical reactions, can provide a deeper understanding of chemical processes and their measurements.

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Answer:

hibernation

hard outer skin to reduce loss of water

Explanation:

I got a few potins for this, but...yeah.

Adaptations that help animals live in the deciduous forest biome hibernation and hard outer skin to reduce loss of water.

A deciduous forest is a type of forest which is dominatred by the trees that lose their leaves seasonally or in the growing season and Earth has dry forests.

Hibernation is a process in which plants or animals adapt themselves in order to survive in the adverse condition to conserve energy. At the same time animals will try to hard their outer skin to reduce the loss of water in the summer season.

Hence correct options are (2) & (3).

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Speed

Explanation:

The distance travelled by a body per unit time

The beam of protons  has the shortest de-Broglie wavelength if a beam of electrons, a beam of protons, a beam of helium atoms, and a beam of nitrogen atoms cach moving at the same speed.

Define De Broglie wavelength

The De Broglie wavelength, which is a wavelength present in all quantum mechanically manifested things and establishes the probability density of locating the object at a specific location in the configuration space, is said to be a manifestation of wave-particle duality. A particle's momentum is inversely correlated with its de Broglie wavelength.

For electrons,

λ = h/mv = h/(m * 4*10⁶ m/s) = 3.3 x 10⁻¹¹ m.

For  protons,

λ = h/mv = h/(m * 4*10⁶ m/s) = 1.3 x 10⁻¹³ m.

For helium atoms,

λ = h/mv = h/(m * 4*10⁶ m/s) = 1.7 x 10⁻¹¹ m.

For nitrogen atoms,

λ = h/mv = h/(m * 4*10⁶ m/s) = 3.3 x 10⁻¹¹ m.

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Scenario C: Visible light is in the middle of the yellow region of the visible spectrum. Here, we have to estimate its wavelength, frequency, and energy per photon. The wavelength of visible light in the middle of the yellow region of the visible spectrum is approximately 575 nm.

The frequency of the given light can be calculated by using the formula c = νλ where ν is the frequency of light, λ is the wavelength of light, and c is the speed of light. Hence the frequency is given by,ν = c / λν = 3.0 x 10^8 m/s / 575 x 10^-9 mν = 5.22 x 10^14 Hz. To calculate the energy per photon, we use the formula E = hc/λ where h is Planck's constant and c is the speed of light. E = hc/λE = (6.63 x 10^-34 J s) x (3.0 x 10^8 m/s) / (575 x 10^-9 m)E = 3.45 x 10^-19 J per photon.

Scenario D: Visible light has a photon energy of 4.160 x 10^-19 J. Here, we have to determine its wavelength, frequency, and colour. We can use the formula E = hc/λ to find the wavelength of light, where E is the energy of the photon. λ = hc/Let's substitute the given values.λ = (6.63 x 10^-34 J s) (3.0 x 10^8 m/s) / 4.160 x 10^-19 Jλ = 4.8 x 10^-7 m.

The frequency of light can be calculated using the formula c = νλ, where c is the speed of light.ν = c / λν = 3.0 x 10^8 m/s / 4.8 x 10^-7 mν = 6.25 x 10^14 Hz.

To determine the colour of visible light, we can use a chart that maps wavelength to colour. From the chart, it can be seen that the visible light of wavelength 480 nm is blue. Therefore, the visible light in scenario D is blue.

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True, enthalpy is defined as the change in heat at constant pressure.

The enthalpy change (ΔH) of a reaction is the amount of heat released or absorbed by a chemical reaction at constant pressure. Enthalpy is a state function that is extensively used in the field of thermodynamics.The enthalpy of a system can be calculated by measuring the change in enthalpy (ΔH) between the initial and final states of a reaction. The ΔH value can be positive (endothermic) or negative (exothermic), depending on whether the reaction releases or absorbs heat. For a reaction at constant pressure, the enthalpy change (ΔH) is equal to the heat released or absorbed by the reaction.

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Answer: 2 moles

Explanation:

The reagents necessary to accomplish the following transformations are listed below:

Transformation 1
The transformation for this reaction is: CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3 -> CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 Reagents used:
The reaction is an isomerization reaction that involves the shifting of the location of the methyl group. This reaction can be catalyzed by any of the three acidic catalysts: H2SO4, H3PO4, or BF3.

Transformation 2
The transformation for this reaction is: CH3CH2CH2OH -> CH3CH2CHO Reagents used:
The reaction is an oxidation reaction that involves the oxidation of alcohol to aldehyde. This reaction can be catalyzed by PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate).

Transformation 3
The transformation for this reaction is: CH3CH2CH2OH -> CH3CH2CH2Br Reagents used:
The reaction is a substitution reaction that involves the substitution of hydroxyl group with bromine. This reaction can be catalyzed by any of the two reagents: PBr3 or SOCl2.

Transformation 4
The transformation for this reaction is: CH3CH2CH2Br -> CH3CH2CH(CH3)OH Reagents used:
The reaction is a substitution reaction that involves the substitution of bromine with the hydroxyl group. This reaction can be catalyzed by any of the two reagents: Mg and dry ether or NaBH4.

Transformation 5
The transformation for this reaction is: CH3CH2CH(CH3)OH -> CH3CH2CH(CH3)Br Reagents used:
The reaction is a substitution reaction that involves the substitution of the hydroxyl group with bromine. This reaction can be catalyzed by any of the two reagents: PBr3 or SOCl2.

Transformation 6
The transformation for this reaction is: CH3CH2CH(CH3)Br -> CH3CH2COOH Reagents used:
The reaction is an oxidation reaction that involves the oxidation of alkyl halides to carboxylic acid. This reaction can be catalyzed by any of the two reagents: KMnO4 or HNO3.

Transformation 7
The transformation for this reaction is: CH3CH2CH2OH -> CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2OH Reagents used:
The reaction is a dehydration reaction that involves the removal of water from the compound. This reaction can be catalyzed by any of the two reagents: H2SO4 or H3PO4.

Transformation 8
The transformation for this reaction is: CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2OH -> CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH Reagents used:
The reaction is an oxidation reaction that involves the oxidation of the secondary alcohol to carboxylic acid. This reaction can be catalyzed by any of the two reagents: KMnO4 or HNO3.

Transformation 9
The transformation for this reaction is: CH3CH2CH2OH -> CH3COCH3 Reagents used:
The reaction is an oxidation reaction that involves the oxidation of primary alcohol to ketones. This reaction can be catalyzed by any of the two reagents: PCC or CrO3.

Transformation 10
The transformation for this reaction is: CH3COCH3 -> CH3CH2COOH Reagents used:
The reaction is an oxidation reaction that involves the oxidation of the ketone to carboxylic acid. This reaction can be catalyzed by any of the two reagents: KMnO4 or HNO3.

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Answer:

I think its B im not sure

but i hope this helps

Answer:

You would find starch in a plant leaf.

Explanation:

This is due to the fact that when there is excess energy, it will be stored in plant tissue as starch.

COF2 has a Lewis structure that is not consistent with the octet rule.

The octet rule is a guiding principle in chemistry that represents the notion that elements in the main group of the periodic table tend to form chemical bonds in a way that ensures each atom possesses eight electrons in its outermost electron shell, resembling the electron configuration of a noble gas.

This rule is particularly relevant for carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and the halogens, although it generally applies to elements found in the s-block and p-block of the periodic table. Other principles govern the behavior of different elements, such as the duplet rule which applies to hydrogen and helium, or the 18-electron rule that pertains to transition metals.

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Answer: 1.057444301e-018

Explanation:

Answer: the essential parts of a flower

Explanation:

are engaged with seed creation. In the event that a blossom contains both useful stamens and pistils, it is known as an ideal bloom, regardless of whether it doesn't contain petals and sepals. On the off chance that either stamens or pistils are deficient with regards to, the blossom is called imperfect.

The solubility of silver carbonate in water is approximately 1.26 × 10⁻³ mol/L. The solubility of silver carbonate in 0.22 M AgClO₃ is approximately 2.92 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L. The solubility of silver carbonate in 0.41 M Na₂CO₃ is approximately 1.20 × 10⁻⁶ mol/L.

To calculate the solubility of silver carbonate (Ag₂CO₃) in different solutions, we need to compare the solubility product (Ksp) with the concentrations of relevant ions in the solution. The balanced equation for the dissociation of silver carbonate is:

Ag₂CO₃(s) ⇌ 2Ag⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)

(a) Solubility in water:

Since water does not contain any common ions, the concentration of Ag⁺ and CO₃²⁻ ions in water is initially zero. Therefore, we assume x as the solubility of Ag₂CO₃ in mol/L.

The equilibrium concentrations of Ag⁺ and CO₃²⁻ ions are both 2x (as the stoichiometric ratio is 1:1).

The Ksp expression is:

Ksp = [Ag⁺]²[CO₃²⁻] = (2x)²(2x) = 8x⁵

Since the Ksp is given as 8.1 × 10⁻¹², we can set up the equation:

8x⁵ = 8.1 × 10⁻¹²

Solving for x, we find:

x = (8.1 × 10⁻¹² / 8)^(1/5) ≈ 1.26 × 10⁻³ mol/L

Therefore, the solubility of silver carbonate in water is approximately 1.26 × 10⁻³ mol/L.

(b) Solubility in 0.22 M AgClO₃:

In this case, the Ag⁺ ions are already present in the solution due to the presence of AgClO₃. The concentration of Ag⁺ is given as 0.22 M. Since the Ksp expression is [Ag⁺]²[CO₃²⁻], we assume x as the solubility of Ag₂CO₃ in mol/L.

The equilibrium concentration of Ag⁺ ions will be 0.22 + 2x, and the concentration of CO₃²⁻ ions will be 2x.

The Ksp expression is:

Ksp = (0.22 + 2x)²(2x) = 8x³ + 0.88x² + 0.088x

Since the Ksp is still 8.1 × 10⁻¹², we can set up the equation:

8x³ + 0.88x² + 0.088x = 8.1 × 10⁻¹²

Solving for x, we find:

x ≈ 2.92 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L

Therefore, the solubility of silver carbonate in 0.22 M AgClO₃ is approximately 2.92 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L.

(c) Solubility in 0.41 M Na₂CO₃:

In this case, the CO₃²⁻ ions are already present in the solution due to the presence of Na₂CO₃. The concentration of CO₃²⁻ is given as 0.41 M. Since the Ksp expression is [Ag⁺]²[CO₃²⁻], we assume x as the solubility of Ag₂CO₃ in mol/L.

The equilibrium concentration of Ag⁺ ions will be 2x, and the concentration of CO₃²⁻ ions will be 0.41 + 2x. The Ksp expression is then:

Ksp = (2x)²(0.41 + 2x) = 4x³ + 1.64x² + 0.328x²

Again, setting Ksp equal to 8.1 × 10⁻¹², we can solve for x:

4x³ + 1.64x² + 0.328x² = 8.1 × 10⁻¹²

x ≈ 1.20 × 10⁻⁶ mol/L

Therefore, the solubility of silver carbonate in 0.41 M Na₂CO₃ is approximately 1.20 × 10⁻⁶ mol/L.

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