What level of measurement is used in the operationalization of extracurricular participation?
Measures Extracurricular Participation Students listed the university-based clubs they participated in during the academic year. Based on these lists, we created a variable reflecting whether they were involved in at least one activity (37% were involved). Of the activities listed, 28% were sports/ recreation (i.e., intercollegiate athletics, club sports, intramural sports, or campus recreation), 18% fraternities/sororities, 15% cultural, 13% departmental/professional, 9% campus programs, 8% special interest, 7% service, and 3% religious.

Answers

Answer 1

The level of measurement used in the operationalization of extracurricular participation is categorical/nominal.

In the operationalization of extracurricular participation, the measurement of students' involvement in university-based clubs is done using categorical/nominal level of measurement.

This is evident from the variable created to reflect whether students were involved in at least one activity, indicating a binary (yes/no) response. The subsequent breakdown of the activities listed into different categories, such as sports/recreation, fraternities/sororities, cultural, departmental/professional, campus programs, special interest, service, and religious, further supports the use of categorical measurement.

Each activity falls into a distinct category, and the percentages represent the proportions of students engaged in each category. Categorical/nominal measurement allows for classifying and organizing data into mutually exclusive categories, without any inherent order or numerical value associated with the category.

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Related Questions

Confused anyone need help

Answers

Answer:

The temperature on the moon at midnight was -250 degrees.

Step-by-step explanation:

235 - 485 = -250


Translate the following sentence from English into symbolic
logic. No respectable scientists are astrologers. (Rx: x is
respectable; Sx: x is a scientist; Ax: x is an astrologer)

Answers

No respectable scientists are astrologers can be translated into symbolic logic as follows:

∀x [(Rx ∧ Sx) → ¬Ax]

Let's break down the sentence:

- Rx: x is respectable.

- Sx: x is a scientist.

- Ax: x is an astrologer.

The statement "No respectable scientists are astrologers" can be translated as follows:

For all x, if x is both respectable (Rx) and a scientist (Sx), then x is not an astrologer (¬Ax).

In other words, every individual x who is both respectable and a scientist cannot be an astrologer.

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Write an equation of the line that passes through (0, 8) and (6, 8).

Answers

Answer:

y = 8

Step-by-step explanation:

Both of the points have the same y, which is 8, meaning that if the line passed through both of those points, then it has to be horizontal, meaning the equation is y = 8   Also, there is no x in the equation because the slope is 0.

If four is added to a half of a
number. The result is equal to 2.
What is the number?​

Answers

Answer:

-2

Step-by-step explanation:

4 + negative 2 (or -2) = 2

Two square posters are hanging on a wall. The large poster has an area of 144 square units, and the small poster has an area of 100 square units. How much bigger is the perimeter of the large poster than the perimeter of the small poster?

Answers

Answer:

8

Step-by-step explanation:

If you do the math with the area to find out the perimeter, and you will find the largest one to be the poster with the area of 144 , and the smaller one to be the one with the area of 100

Answer:

Length= squre root of area

Length of big poster = squre root of 144

=12

Length of small poster=squre root of 100

=10

The perimeter = 4*length

Big poster perimeter=4*12=48

Small poster perimeter =4*10=40

The difference= 48 - 40 = 8

It is bigger by 8

Which of the following statements is the most accurate comparison of LDA and ODA with regard to the bias-vanance trade-off?

Answers

the most accurate statement comparing LDA and ODA in terms of the bias-variance trade-off would be that LDA generally has lower variance and moderate bias, while ODA tends to have higher variance and lower bias.

LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis) and ODA (One-Dimensional Analysis) are both techniques used in machine learning and statistical analysis, but they differ in their approach to the bias-variance trade-off.

The bias-variance trade-off refers to the trade-off between the bias of a model (error due to overly simplistic assumptions) and the variance of a model (error due to excessive complexity). A model with high bias may underfit the data, while a model with high variance may overfit the data.

In terms of the bias-variance trade-off, LDA tends to have low variance and moderate bias. It assumes that the data is normally distributed and that the class covariance matrices are equal. LDA attempts to find a linear combination of features that maximally separates the classes. However, LDA makes strong assumptions about the data distribution, which may limit its flexibility and result in bias.

On the other hand, ODA, also known as univariate analysis or one-dimensional analysis, typically has higher variance and lower bias compared to LDA. ODA considers each feature independently, disregarding any interdependencies among the features. By examining each feature individually, ODA allows for more flexibility and may capture complex relationships in the data. However, this flexibility can lead to higher variance, making ODA more prone to overfitting if the dataset is small or noisy.

Therefore, the most accurate statement comparing LDA and ODA in terms of the bias-variance trade-off would be that LDA generally has lower variance and moderate bias, while ODA tends to have higher variance and lower bias.

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Please use an appropriate formula for calculations.
How many solutions are there to the
equation:
a + b + c + d + e = 485
If each of a, b, c, d, and e is an integer that is at
least 10?

Answers

There are 169,322,412 solutions to the equation a + b + c + d + e = 485, where each variable is an integer that is at least 10.

To solve this problem, we can use the concept of stars and bars (or balls and urns). The stars and bars method is used to find the number of non-negative integer solutions to an equation of the form a₁ + a₂ + ... + aᵣ = n, where aᵢ represents non-negative integers.

In this case, we have the equation a + b + c + d + e = 485, with the constraint that each variable (a, b, c, d, e) is at least 10. We can introduce a new set of variables a' = a - 10, b' = b - 10, c' = c - 10, d' = d - 10, and e' = e - 10. This transformation ensures that each variable is now a non-negative integer.

Substituting these new variables into the equation, we get:

(a' + 10) + (b' + 10) + (c' + 10) + (d' + 10) + (e' + 10) = 485

Rearranging the equation, we have:

a' + b' + c' + d' + e' = 435

Now, we can apply the stars and bars method to find the number of non-negative integer solutions to this equation. The formula is given by:

Number of solutions = (n + r - 1) choose (r - 1)

where n is the total number to be partitioned (435 in this case) and r is the number of variables (5 in this case).

Using the formula, we have:

Number of solutions = (435 + 5 - 1) choose (5 - 1)

= 439 choose 4

Evaluating this expression:

Number of solutions = (439 * 438 * 437 * 436) / (4 * 3 * 2 * 1)

= 169,322,412

Therefore, there are 169,322,412 solutions to the equation a + b + c + d + e = 485, where each variable is an integer that is at least 10.

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JELLY V. TUCHY Slipe old Distribution O of 1 Point The data below represent the per capita (average) disposable income (income after taxes) for 25 randomly selected cities in a recent year. Describe the shape of the distribution. Choose the correct answer below. Skewed left 30,206 34,278 36,997 40,291 30,448 34,633 37,244 41,059 Skewed right Bell-shaped O 30,732 34,968 37,811 41,437 Uniform 32,171 35,230 38,408 52,510 33,016 35,624 38,608 33,684 35,863 38,956 Get more help Clear all Check answer JELLY V. TUCHY Slipe old Distribution O of 1 Point The data below represent the per capita (average) disposable income (income after taxes) for 25 randomly selected cities in a recent year. Describe the shape of the distribution. Choose the correct answer below. Skewed left 30,206 34,278 36,997 40,291 30,448 34,633 37,244 41,059 Skewed right Bell-shaped O 30,732 34,968 37,811 41,437 Uniform 32,171 35,230 38,408 52,510 33,016 35,624 38,608 33,684 35,863 38,956

Answers

The shape of the distribution of per capita disposable income for the 25 randomly selected cities in a recent year can be described as skewed right.

To determine the shape of the distribution, we can examine the data and look for any noticeable patterns. In this case, we observe that the values for per capita disposable income generally increase as we move from left to right. This indicates a rightward skewness in the distribution.

Skewness refers to the asymmetry of a distribution. When a distribution is skewed right, the tail of the distribution extends towards the higher values, while the majority of the data tends to cluster towards the lower values. This suggests that there are few cities with relatively higher per capita disposable incomes, while the majority of cities have lower incomes.

In contrast, a bell-shaped distribution would indicate a symmetrical pattern with a peak in the center and an equal number of data points on both sides.

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Determine whether the following series are convergent or divergent.
a. (summation) n=3 to infinity of 6/(n+4)
b. (summation) n=2 to infinity of n/((Sq. root of n) +1)
c. (summation) n=1 to infinity of 1/ (Sq. root of n^4 +8)
d. (summation) n=2 to infinity of (-1)^(n-1) n/ ln/n

Answers

The following are the solutions of the given series:a)   The given series can be written as:(summation) n=3 to infinity of 6/(n+4) = 6[(1/7) + (1/8) + (1/9) +...].It is a p-series of p = 1, since 1 < p = 2. Hence, it is divergent. b)   The given series can be written as:(summation) n=2 to infinity of n/((Sq. root of n) +1) = (summation) n=2 to infinity of [n/((Sq. root of n) +1)] * [(Sq. root of n)-1]/[(Sq. root of n)-1].On solving this we get, (summation) n=2 to infinity of [(Sq. root of n)-1].This series is a p-series of p = 1/2, since p < 1. Hence, it is convergent. c)   The given series can be written as:(summation) n=1 to infinity of 1/ (Sq. root of n^4 +8) .This is a convergent series because it is similar to the p-series with p = 2. Therefore, the series is convergent. d)   The given series can be written as:(summation) n=2 to infinity of (-1)^(n-1) n/ ln/n .As per Alternating Series Test, this is an alternating series which is decreasing to 0, Hence, the series is convergent.

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According to the given information,

a. the series diverges.

b. the series diverges.

c. series is convergent

d. series is conditionally convergent

To determine the convergence or divergence of these series, we can analyze the behavior of the terms as n approaches infinity.

a. The series (summation) n=3 to infinity of 6/(n+4) can be rewritten as (summation) n=3 to infinity of 6/n.

As n approaches infinity, the term 6/n approaches zero. Since the harmonic series (1/n) is known to diverge, the given series also diverges.

b. The series (summation) n=2 to infinity of n/((Sq. root of n) +1) can be rewritten as (summation) n=2 to infinity of (n^(3/2))/(n + sqrt(n)).

As n approaches infinity, the term (n^(3/2))/(n + sqrt(n)) approaches (n^(3/2))/n = sqrt(n).

Since sqrt(n) increases without bound as n approaches infinity, the series diverges.

c. The series (summation) n=1 to infinity of 1/(Sq. root of (n^4 + 8)) can be rewritten as (summation) n=1 to infinity of 1/(n^2 + 8^(1/4)).

As n approaches infinity, the term 1/(n^2 + 8^(1/4)) approaches 0. Since the terms of the series approach zero as n approaches infinity, we need to investigate further.

By comparing the series to the p-series, we see that n^2 is larger than 1 for all n greater than or equal to 1. Therefore, the series (summation) n=1 to infinity of 1/(n^2 + 8^(1/4)) is convergent.

d. The series (summation) n=2 to infinity of (-1)^(n-1) n/ ln(n) can be analyzed using the alternating series test.

As n approaches infinity, the term n/ln(n) approaches infinity, and the series does not converge absolutely.

However, if we examine the behavior of the series using the alternating series test, we see that (-1)^(n-1) alternates between -1 and 1.

Additionally, the absolute value of n/ln(n) is a monotonically decreasing function as n increases.

Thus, the series is conditionally convergent by the alternating series test.

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Use the data set and line plot below. How many feathers are
2
1
4
214
inches or shorter?


A. 8

B. 12

C. 15

D. 5

Answers

Answer:

B.) 12

Step-by-step explanation:

2+1/4 is the fraction and all values less than two are on the line.

1 brown circle represents 1 feather

there are 7 dots for 2+1/4

4 dots for 2

1 dot for 3/4

Hope that helps :)

Answer:

answer is B. Aka 12

Step-by-step explanation:

thanks mark brainliest…:) please.

PLEASE ANSWER THIS ASAP

Answers

Answer:

the answer is rotation

hope this helps

The answer is rotation. Your shape is rotating

factor the trinomial 16x2 + 14x + 3

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

16x²+14x+3

=16x²+8x+6x+3

=8x(2x+1)+3(2x+1)

=(2x+1)(8x+3)

Find the area of the shaded area

Answers

Answer:

1.7x3.9=6.63 so each shaded area is 6.63 then add

Step-by-step explanation:

b + -73 = -58
help please​

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

b-73=-53

b=-53+73

b=+73-53

b=73-53

b=20

the answer is b = 131

A cube has a surface area of 6. What's the volume?

Answers

Answer:

18 Superfícies  

Step-by-step explanation:

I think the answer is gonna be 18

Write an equivalent expression for each expression.
6(12-3b)

Answers

Answer:   -18b + 72

Step-by-step explanation:

6(12 - 3b)

= 6(12) + 6(-3b)

= 72 - 18b

= -18b + 72

Angle 3 and angle 5 are What Kind Of Angle

A.Corresponding
B.Same Side
C.Alternate interior

Answers

Answer:

The answer of this question is C

I NEED the Answer NO LINKS!!

Answers

Answer:

A

Step-by-step explanation:

This should Help

x
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2.
3
f(x)
14
6
CO
O
-4
-6
-6
-4
0
6
Based on the table, which statement best describes a prediction for the end behavior of the graph of f(x)?
O As x = 0,f(x) = -00, and as x -o, f(x) o
As x = 0,f(x) - 00, and as x = -00,f(x) = 0
O As x - ,f(x) 0, and as x - -0,f(x) --
O AS X - c.f(x) - --, and as x + -0,f(x) ---

Answers

I think it’s the second option sorry if incorrect

The solution is : Option C, function is → f(x) = x + 2

What is function?

Function, in mathematics, an expression, rule, or law that defines a relationship between one variable (the independent variable) and another variable.

here, we have,

From the table give in the picture,

Let the linear function represented by the table is,

f(x) = mx + b

Here, m = Slope of the line

b = y-intercept

Slope of a line passing through two points (-2, 0) and (1, 3) will be,

m = y2 - y1 / x2 - x1

  = 1

Equation of the function will be,

f(x) = x + b

Since, a point (1, 3) lies on he given function,

3 = 1 + b

b = 3 - 1

b = 2

Therefore, function is → f(x) = x + 2

Option C will be the correct option.

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complete question:

X f(x)

-2 0

5. Which function matches the function table at the right?

A. f(x) = x+3

B.f(x) = 2x

C.f(x) = x + 2

D. f(x) = 4x - 1

Pls help

warning number 777777777777777777777777777777

Answers

Answer: What is the warning for???? anyway your answer x= -3, x=-5

Step-by-step explanation:

Hope this helps you! Have a good day! :)

Compute y' and y". The symbols C₁ and C₂ represent constants. y = C1e* + C2xe* y'(x) C₁et + C₂(x + 1) et y"(x) = C₁et + C₂ (2 + x) ex

Answers

The first derivative of y is y'(x) = C₁e^x + C₂(x + 1)e^x, and the second derivative of y is y''(x) = C₁e^x + C₂(2 + x)e^x.

To compute the first derivative, we apply the power rule and the product rule of differentiation. For y = C₁e^x + C₂xe^x, the derivative of the first term C₁e^x is C₁e^x, and the derivative of the second term C₂xe^x involves both the product rule and the chain rule.

Using the product rule, we differentiate C₂x and e^x separately, and then multiply them together. The derivative of C₂x is C₂, and the derivative of e^x is e^x. Then, we apply the chain rule to the second term, resulting in (x + 1)e^x. Therefore, the first derivative is y'(x) = C₁e^x + C₂(x + 1)e^x.

To compute the second derivative, we differentiate y'(x) with respect to x. Both terms in y'(x) involve the derivative of e^x, which is e^x. The derivative of C₁e^x is C₁e^x, and the derivative of C₂(x + 1)e^x involves the product rule and the chain rule similarly to the first derivative. Applying these rules, we find that y''(x) = C₁e^x + C₂(2 + x)e^x.

Therefore, the first derivative of y is y'(x) = C₁e^x + C₂(x + 1)e^x, and the second derivative is y''(x) = C₁e^x + C₂(2 + x)e^x.

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(3+4)⋅(22+3)
whats the answer for that equation

Answers

the answer should be 175

AHHHHH HELPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

Answers

[tex]3^{2}+2^{2}=d^{2}[/tex]

Answer:

I cant see the photo sorry

Step-by-step explanation:

Kiteretsuki builds a robot to help him paint a fence. The robot has a paint roller of width 1 foot, that works like a ball-point pen, so it has a steady flow of ink. Kiteretsuki sets the robot to work and leaves but doesn't realize that the robot has a programming error.
It paints one foot of the fence from left to right, then stops and paints a foot in the right to left direction. It then starts moving from left to right again, but this time moving two feet instead of one. However, after this, it only moves back to its previous position. The robot carries on in this fashion, increasing its reach by 1 foot every left to right movement and then returning to its previous starting point.
If Kiteretsuki returns after the robot have moved a total of 11 times, how many inches of the fence has the robot painted in that time?​

Answers

Answer:

72 inches

Step-by-step explanation:

Due to the programming error, the robot first moves to the right and then to the left. The second time it moves to the right, it increases its distance by 1 foot to the right and then turns back and moves to the left, reaching the starting position again.

The patterns is as follows:

move 1: moves to the right by 1 foot.

moves 2: moves to the left.

moves 3: moves to the right by 2 feet.

moves 4: moves to the left

moves 5: moves to the right by 3 feet.d

moves 6: moves to the left

moves 7: moves to the right by 4 feet.

moves 8: moves to the left

moves 9: moves to the right by 5 feet.

moves 10: moves to the left

moves 11: moves to the right by 6 feet.

We see that in the end, the robot has managed to only move 6 ft. Since 1 ft = 12 inches, 6 ft = 6* 12 = 72 ft.

So, the robot has painted 72 inches of the fence before Kiteretsuki returns.

I need help with this
[tex] \sqrt[3]{4} \times \sqrt{3} [/tex]
25 points.​

Answers

Step-by-step explanation:

[tex]\sqrt[3]{4}[/tex][tex]\\\sqrt{3}[/tex]=[tex]\sqrt[6]{432}[/tex]

[tex]4^{1/3}[/tex][tex]3^{1/2}[/tex]=[tex]432^{1/6}[/tex]

Hope that helps :)

How can the next term in the infinite sequence 1, 5, 12, 22, 35, ... be generated?
A. Square the term number, subtract the tem number from the result, multiply by 3, and divide the result by 2.
B. Square the term number, multiply the result by 3. divide by 2, and subtract the term number from the result.
C. Square the term number, divide the result by 2 subtract the term number, and multiply the result by 3.
D. Square the term number, multiply the result by 3 subtract the tem number, and divide the result by 2.​

Answers

The answer to the question is B

Answer:

Its D

Square the term number, multiply the result by 3, subtract the term number, and divide the result by 2

1. Describe the relationship between the terms in the sequence 13, 26, 52,
104, ... Then write the next three terms in the sequence.

Answers

Answer: All of the numbers in the sequence are going up twice the amount as before. The next three terms will be 208, 416, 832

Answer: 208, 416, 832

The numbers double by itself

Step-by-step explanation:

13+13 = 26, 26+26 = 52, 52+52 = 104, 104+104=208 and so on

Cardiorespiratory fitness is widely recognized as a major component of overall physical well-being. Direct measurement of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is the single best measure of such fitness, but direct measurement is time-consuming and expensive. It is therefore desirable to have a prediction equation for VO2max in terms of easily obtained quantities. Consider the following variables.

y = VO2max (L/min)
x1 = weight (kg)
x2 = age (yr)
x3 = time necessary to walk 1 mile (min)
x4 = heart rate at the end of the walk (beats/min)

Here is one possible model for male students, consistent with the information given in the article "Validation of the Rockport Fitness Walking Test in College Males and Females."†

Y = 5.0 + 0.01x1 − 0.05x2 − 0.13x3 − 0.01x4 + ϵ

σ = 0.4

(a) Interpret β1.
A. Holding all other variables constant, a 1 kg increase in weight will result in a 0.01 L/min increase in VO2max.
B. Holding all other variables constant, a 1 kg increase in weight will result in a 0.01 L/min decrease in VO2max.
C. Holding all other variables constant, a 0.01 kg increase in weight will result in a 1 L/min increase in VO2max.
D. Holding all other variables constant, a 0.01 kg increase in weight will result in a 1 L/min decrease in vo2max. Interpret ß3
D. Holding all other variables constant, a 0.13 min increase in walk time will result in a 1 L/min decrease in VO2max

Interpret β3
A. Holding all other variables constant, a 0.13 min increase in walk time will result in a 1 L/min decrease in VO2max.
B. Holding all other variables constant, a 1 min increase in walk time will result in a 0.13 L/min decrease in vo2max.
C. Holding all other variables constant, a 1 min increase in walk time will result in a 0.13 L/min increase in VO2max
D. Holding all other variables constant, a 0.13 min increase in walk time will result in a 1 L/min increase in VO2max.

(b) What is the expected value of VO2max when weight is 76 kg, age is 25 yr, walk time is 14 min, and heart rate is 138 b/m?
L/min

(c) What is the probability that VO2max will be between 0.59 and 2.03 for a single observation made when the values of the predictors are as stated in part (b)? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)

Answers

a) Interpret β1: Holding all other variables constant, a 1 kg increase in weight will result in a 0.01 L/min decrease in VO2max. Option B is correct.

b) The expected value of VO2max when weight is 76 kg, age is 25 yr, walk time is 14 min, and heart rate is 138 b/m is 3.682 L/min. Option A is correct.

c) The probability that VO2max will be between 0.59 and 2.03 for a single observation made when the values of the predictors are as stated in part (b) is 0.0000. Option D is correct.

a) Interpret β1: Holding all other variables constant, a 1 kg increase in weight will result in a 0.01 L/min decrease in VO2max.

Option B is correct.

b) To find the expected value of VO2max when weight is 76 kg, age is 25 yr, walk time is 14 min, and heart rate is 138 b/m.

We can calculate it by plugging the values in the regression equation as follows:

Y = 5.0 + 0.01x1 − 0.05x2 − 0.13x3 − 0.01x4 + ϵ

= 5.0 + (0.01 * 76) - (0.05 * 25) - (0.13 * 14) - (0.01 * 138)

= 3.682 L/min.

Hence, the expected value of VO2max when weight is 76 kg, age is 25 yr, walk time is 14 min, and heart rate is 138 b/m is 3.682 L/min.

Option A is correct.

c) To find the probability that VO2max will be between 0.59 and 2.03 for a single observation made when the values of the predictors are as stated in part (b).

We can find it by standardizing the values and using the Z table as follows:

z-score for 0.59 = (0.59 - 3.682) / 0.4

= -8.055z-score for 2.03

= (2.03 - 3.682) / 0.4

= -4.175P(0.59 < Y < 2.03)

= P(z-score between -8.055 and -4.175)

= P(z > 8.055) - P(z > 4.175)

≈ 0.0000 (from the Z table)

Hence, the probability that VO2max will be between 0.59 and 2.03 for a single observation made when the values of the predictors are as stated in part (b) is 0.0000.

Option D is correct.

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Solve the following system of equations using elimination

Answers

Answer:

Well elimination is basically multiplying a number to make it possible for it to cancel out

We can multiply the first equation by 2

2(x+2y=-1)

This would be

2x+4y=-2

Its still the same thing but just with non simplified numbers

We can now do any method really to solve

I will just do the subtraction method

2x+4y=-2

-2x+y=4

Solve

2x-2x=0

4y-y= 3y

-2-4= -6

3y= -6

Now solve

y=-2

To find x subsitute in “y” and find ”x”.

x+2*-2=-1

x-4=-1

x=3

y= -2

x= 3

Mrs. Dawson is researching what it would cost to order flower arrangements for a fancy party. She wants one large centerpiece for the head table, and smaller arrangements for the smaller tables. Hampton Florist charges $12 for each smaller arrangement, plus $27 for the large centerpiece. Farid's Flowers, in contrast, charges $32 for the large centerpiece and $7 per arrangement for the rest. If Mrs. Dawson orders a certain number of small arrangements, the cost will be the same at either flower shop. How many small arrangements would that be? What would the total cost be? If Mrs. Dawson orders small arrangements, it will cost $ at either shop.

Answers

The number of flower arrangement and the costs are illustrations of linear equation

If Mrs. Dawson orders 1 small arrangement, it will cost $39 at either shop.

How to determine the number of small arrangements?

Represent the number of small arrangements with x, and the total cost with y.

Using the data from the question, we have:

Hampton Florist: y = 12x + 27.

Farid's Flowers: y = 32 + 7x

When both flower arrangements cost the same, we have the following equation

12x + 27 = 32 + 7x

Collect like terms

12x - 7x = 32 - 27

Evaluate the like terms

5x = 5

Divide both sides by 5

x = 1

This means that 1 small arrangement would cost the same in both flower shops

How to determine the total cost?

In (a), we have:

y = 12x + 27.

Substitute 1 for x

y = 12(1) + 27

y = 39

Hence, if Mrs. Dawson orders 1 small arrangement, it will cost $39 at either shop.

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