C 11-If the U.S. economy can just start making stuff again (increase supply), demand will follow, i.e., Supply creates its own demand. (Classical economist) .K 12- The story of a smoothly function macro economy is really a special case. (Keynesian economist)
C 13- Most of the time, a capitalist economy will struggle to keep everyone employed. (Classical economist). K 14- Full employment is usually the norm. (Keynesian economist). I 15- A laissez-faire economy is best. The economic system is self-correcting. (It is not clear who would most likely say this statement as it can be supported by both Classical and Keynesian economists, as well as other economic perspectives)
C 16- In the long run, we are all dead. (Classical economist)
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Complete the following sentence.
can be caused by unemployment or lack of access to employment resources.
Answer: poverty
Explanation:
Because the people abode said it was correct and I hope they were right because I need this answer lol.
You have just been employed as a quality manager in an organization. The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) gives you a data on customer complaints compiled over the past decade for advice at the next board meeting as follows. Type of complain Frequency Cost per occurrence Total Cost 10 1 10 1 20 20 2 6 12 x 6 1 6 1 300 300 z 3 3 9 Hint: Calculations should be rounded up to ONE decimal place i) Using the relevant quality management tool, process and analyze the data. (16 marks) Interpret the results and give an expert advice to your boss for the appropriate decisions to be taken at the next board meeting.
They require immediate attention and a proactive approach to reduce their occurrence and the cost per occurrence. In comparison, Type 10, Type 1, and Type 2 account for a small percentage of total complaints, so addressing them will not have a significant impact. The company's management team should consider taking the following steps:1. Conduct an investigation into the cause of the most common complaints (Type 20 and Type z)2. Implement a comprehensive system to resolve customer complaints3. Create a strategy for reducing the occurrence of the most common complaints.
Quality management is defined as the processes a company implements to ensure that its products and services meet the customers' expectations. An organization's management is responsible for ensuring that customer complaints are resolved promptly and that the organization does not repeat its errors. Therefore, as the Quality Manager in an organization, one must determine the cause of the problem and make recommendations to management for implementing corrective actions to solve the problem. Using the relevant quality management tool, process, and analyze the data: The Pareto diagram is a quality management tool used to determine the frequency and effect of problems to identify areas where corrective action may be taken. It demonstrates the relative frequency or size of problems in descending order from left to right.
In this scenario, the Pareto Chart will be utilized to analyze the data as follows: Type of Complain Frequency Cumulative Frequency Cost per Occurrence Total Cost Cumulative Cost10 11011020 220136120 346300 399439z 3994393 4004589To construct the Pareto Chart, the data will be presented in descending order of cumulative frequency and relative frequency. The percentage of total complaints is added, and a Pareto line is used to show the cumulative percentage of the total complaints. Also, the data will be divided into groups, and the causes of customer complaints will be ranked.
The chart can be used to demonstrate the most important issues, thus providing a starting point for future efforts. Interpret the results and give expert advice to your boss for the appropriate decisions to be taken at the next board meeting: Looking at the data and the Pareto Chart above, the following conclusions can be drawn: Type 20 and Type Z are the most frequent complaints, representing 73% of the total complaints.
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Betsy Strand's regular hourly wage rate is $14, and she receives an hourly rate of $21 for work in excess of 40 hours. During a January pay period, Betsy works 47 hours. Betsy's federal income tax withholding is $90, and she has no voluntary deductions. Assume that the FICA tax rate is 7.65%. Prepare the employer's journal entry to record payroll taxes for the period. Ignore unemployment taxes. (Round answers to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.15. Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually.)
To prepare the employer's journal entry to record payroll taxes for the period, we need to calculate the FICA tax amount based on Betsy's wages and the FICA tax rate.
Here's how the journal entry would look:
Date: [Date of Payroll]
Account Debit Credit
Payroll Tax Expense $[Payroll Tax]
FICA Taxes Payable $[FICA Taxes Payable]
To calculate the FICA tax amount:
Calculate Betsy's total wages for the pay period, including regular and overtime hours:
Regular Wages: $14/hour x 40 hours = $560
Overtime Wages: $21/hour x (47 - 40) hours = $147
Calculate the FICA tax base by subtracting any pretax deductions (in this case, there are none):
FICA Tax Base = Total Wages
Calculate the FICA tax amount by multiplying the FICA tax base by the FICA tax rate (7.65%):
FICA Tax Amount = FICA Tax Base x 7.65%
Now, let's calculate the values for the journal entry:
Total Wages = $560 (Regular Wages) + $147 (Overtime Wages) = $707
FICA Tax Base = $707
FICA Tax Amount = $707 x 7.65% = $54.16 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Based on these calculations, the journal entry would be:
Date: [Date of Payroll]
Account Debit Credit
Payroll Tax Expense $54.16
FICA Taxes Payable $54.16
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BLC Incorporated uses a job costing system, and manufacturing
overhead is applied on the basis of direct labour hours. At the
beginning of the year, management estimated that the company would
incur $
BLC Incorporated is using a job costing system, and it is applying the manufacturing overhead on the direct labor hours. The management estimated at the start of the year that the company will incur $700,000 of manufacturing overhead costs and $500,000 of direct labor costs.
It is essential to know that a job costing system helps companies calculate the cost of each product that they produce. Companies such as BLC Incorporated use job costing systems because their products are diverse and unique. In such cases.
To calculate the manufacturing overhead rate, we will use the following formula:
Manufacturing overhead rate = Estimated total manufacturing overhead costs / Estimated total direct labor hours
Manufacturing overhead rate = $700,000 / 40,000 direct labor hours
Manufacturing overhead rate = $17.50 per direct labor hour
To calculate the total manufacturing overhead costs for the year, we will multiply the actual direct labor hours by the manufacturing overhead rate.
Total manufacturing overhead costs = Actual direct labor hours × Manufacturing overhead rate
Total manufacturing overhead costs = 45,000 direct labor hours × $17.50 per direct labor hour
Total manufacturing overhead costs = $787,500
Therefore, the company incurred $787,500 of manufacturing overhead costs during the year. It is $37,500 more than the estimated overhead costs, and this difference is the amount of underapplied overhead.
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QUESTION 2 [15 MARKS] Acme Parts Ltd (APL) is a small manufacturing company that produces various parts for tool manufacturers. One of APL's production processes involves producing a metal spacer plate that has a tolerance of 0.05 to 0.10 cm in thickness. On the recommendation of the quality assurance (QA) department and over objections of the plant manager, APL had just purchased some new equipment to make these parts. Recently, the production manager was receiving complaints from the customers about high levels of nonconforming parts. There are a few numbers of customer return the product to APL. The production manager suspected that the problems might occur from the new equipment.
(a) Describe how does the production manager know that the company is producing a nonconforming part. (3 Marks) [C01, PO1, C4]
(b) Discuss THREE (3) consequences of poor quality to the internal and external customer. (6 Marks) [C01, PO1, C4]
(c) Follow by the series of the problems, the management intended to conduct an internal audit. Explain briefly the audit methodology. (6 Marks) [C01, PO1, C4]
(A) The production manager knows that the company is producing a nonconforming part when customers return the product to APL with complaints.
There are high levels of nonconforming parts being produced.
It is difficult to meet customer requirements if the parts are not produced according to specifications. If non-conformance is found by quality assurance, it is important to trace the problem to its source and make necessary changes.
(B) Three consequences of poor quality to the internal and external customer are: Internal Customers:1. Loss of morale and dissatisfaction
2. Increased workload
3. Delay in production External Customers:
1. Loss of sales
2. Low reputation
3. Inability to compete in the market
(c) Internal audit is an independent, objective, and systematic evaluation of an organization's quality system. This is a management tool that assesses whether the company's quality assurance system is adequate, effective, and being properly implemented. Auditors use a variety of methods to assess a company's quality system, including interviews, document reviews, and observations. The following are some audit methodologies:
Plan the Audit: This involves defining the audit objectives and scope, as well as identifying the audit team. The audit team should consist of personnel who are knowledgeable about the system being audited. Conduct the Audit: This includes performing an on-site audit of the organization's quality assurance system and reviewing documents. The audit team will assess the company's compliance with the quality system's requirements and report any nonconformities. Identify Corrective Actions: This is the stage where the audit team identifies the areas of the organization's quality system that require improvement. The audit team will suggest corrective actions to address nonconformities. This stage is important because it allows the organization to take corrective action and improve the quality of its products. Follow-up: This is the final stage in the audit process, where the organization checks whether the corrective actions taken have addressed the nonconformities identified during the audit.Learn more about production manager here.
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Following the recent events between Russia and Ukraine, the Russian yield curve has become inverted. There are two reasons for this situation: (1) the central bank raises interest rates to offset short-run inflationary pressures and (2) the market "priced" the higher risk coming from the resulting sanctions on the Russian financial system.
Following the recent events between Russia and Ukraine, the Russian yield curve has become inverted. This situation was caused by two reasons: (1) the central bank raised interest rates to offset short-run inflationary pressures and (2) the market "priced" the higher risk coming from the resulting sanctions on the Russian financial system.
What is the yield curve?
The yield curve is a graphical representation of the interest rates of bonds with different maturity dates. It shows how bondholders are compensated with different rates for different periods of time. The normal yield curve is upward-sloping, meaning long-term bonds have higher interest rates than short-term bonds. An inverted yield curve, on the other hand, means that short-term bonds yield more than long-term bonds.What causes an inverted yield curve?There are two common reasons for an inverted yield curve: an increase in short-term interest rates or a decrease in long-term interest rates. The first reason is due to central banks raising interest rates to offset inflationary pressures in the short run. The second reason is market-driven and can occur when investors anticipate a future economic recession or downturn, which leads them to invest more in long-term bonds rather than short-term bonds.In the case of Russia, the yield curve has become inverted because of a combination of both reasons. The central bank raised interest rates to counter inflationary pressures, which led to higher short-term rates. Meanwhile, the market "priced in" the higher risk from the resulting sanctions on the Russian financial system, causing long-term bond yields to fall. This caused the yield curve to become inverted.
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A car dealer owed a bank $10,000, due on June 1. The dealer subsequently sold a car to a buyer at a price of $10,000, payable at $1,000 per month beginning on June 1. The dealer then telephoned the bank to ask whether the bank would accept payments of $1,000 per month for 10 months beginning June 1, without interest, in payment of the dealer's debt to the bank. The bank agreed to that arrangement, and the dealer then asked the buyer to make his car payments directly to the bank. When the buyer tendered the first payment to the bank, the bank refused the payment, asserting that it would accept payment only from the dealer. On June 2, the bank demanded that the dealer pay the debt in full immediately. The dealer refused to pay, and the bank sued the dealer to recover the $10,000. In this suit, which of the following arguments best supports the bank's claim for immediate payment?
a. The dealer gave no consideration for the agreement to extend the time of payment. b. The dealer could not delegate its duty to pay to the buyer.
c. The agreement to extend the time for payment was not in writing d. The dealer's conduct was an attemptednovation that the bank could reject.
The best support for the bank's claim for immediate payment would depend on the specific circumstances and terms of the original agreement between the dealer and the bank. Without further information, it is challenging to determine the exact argument that would best support the bank's claim. However, options a, b, c, and d highlight different aspects that could potentially favor the bank's position.
In this scenario, a car dealer owes a bank $10,000 due on June 1. The dealer sells a car to a buyer and arranges for the buyer to make monthly payments of $1,000 to the bank. However, when the buyer tries to make the first payment, the bank refuses and demands that the dealer pay the debt immediately. The bank sues the dealer to recover the $10,000. To determine the bank's claim for immediate payment, we will examine the arguments presented.
To analyze the arguments and determine the best support for the bank's claim for immediate payment, let's consider each option:
a. The dealer gave no consideration for the agreement to extend the time of payment.
Consideration is an essential element of a valid contract. It refers to something of value that each party exchanges to make the contract binding. In this case, the car dealer wanted to extend the time of payment by arranging for the buyer to make monthly payments to the bank. However, if the dealer did not provide any additional consideration or benefit to the bank in return for extending the payment period, this argument would support the bank's claim for immediate payment. Without consideration, there may not be a valid contract modification.
b. The dealer could not delegate its duty to pay to the buyer.
Delegation is the act of transferring one's obligations or duties under a contract to another person. Generally, contracts can be delegated unless they explicitly prohibit it or require personal performance. In this case, if the original agreement between the dealer and the bank did not allow for the delegation of payment obligations to the buyer, this argument would support the bank's claim for immediate payment. The bank could argue that the dealer cannot shift its duty to pay onto the buyer without the bank's consent.
c. The agreement to extend the time for payment was not in writing.
While some contracts need to be in writing to be enforceable (such as contracts involving the sale of real estate), many contracts can be oral or implied. However, certain contracts, like those involving the sale of goods over a specific amount, may fall under the Statute of Frauds, which requires written evidence for enforceability. In this case, if the agreement to extend the time for payment falls within the Statute of Frauds and there is no written evidence of the modification, this argument would support the bank's claim for immediate payment. The bank could argue that the oral agreement to extend the payment period is unenforceable.
d. The dealer's conduct was an attempted novation that the bank could reject.
Novation refers to the substitution of a new contract or party for an existing one. It requires the agreement of all parties involved. In this case, if the dealer's conduct can be interpreted as an attempted novation, where the buyer takes over the dealer's debt obligation with the bank's consent, this argument would not support the bank's claim for immediate payment. However, if the bank rejects the attempted novation, asserting that it did not agree to the substitution of the buyer as the new debtor, then this argument would support the bank's claim for immediate payment.
In conclusion, among the arguments presented, the best support for the bank's claim for immediate payment would depend on the specific circumstances and terms of the original agreement between the dealer and the bank. Without further information, it is challenging to determine the exact argument that would best support the bank's claim. However, options a, b, c, and d highlight different aspects that could potentially favor the bank's position.
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Change in operating cash flows of an investment may be determined by:
a. true
b. false
The statement "True" is the correct option. Conversely, a company that has a negative change in operating cash flows is considered to be in trouble, as it may not have sufficient cash to cover its expenses.
The correct option is A.
Operating cash flow is a critical component of any company. It gives a clear indication of how a company is using its cash, which is one of the most critical measures of a company's success. The change in operating cash flows of an investment can be determined by analyzing the financial statements of a company such as income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement.The cash flow statement provides information on how cash flows in and out of the business during a specific period. The cash flows are segregated into three sections: operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities.
The operating activities section includes cash inflows and outflows that are generated from the regular business activities of the company. This section provides a clear indication of how well the company is performing in its regular operations. The change in operating cash flows of an investment can be determined by analyzing this section of the cash flow statement.Investors use the change in operating cash flows to evaluate a company's ability to generate cash from its operations. A company that has a positive change in operating cash flows over a period is considered to be doing well.
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1. What is important qualities of a team leader? And Why?
2. What should be some of first team meeting activities and
why?
activities are important because they set the foundation for effective teamwork, establish expectations, and promote a positive and collaborative team culture from the start.
a) Effective communication: A team leader should possess excellent communication skills to clearly convey goals, expectations, and feedback to team members. Clear and concise communication fosters understanding, alignment, and collaboration within the team.
b) Vision and goal-oriented: A team leader should have a clear vision and set goals for the team. They should inspire and motivate team members by providing a sense of direction and purpose, keeping everyone focused on achieving common objectives.
c) Empathy and emotional intelligence: Being empathetic and emotionally intelligent allows a team leader to understand and connect with team members on a personal level. They can support and address individual needs, foster a positive work environment, and resolve conflicts effectively.
d) Delegation and empowerment: A good team leader knows how to delegate tasks and empower team members by giving them autonomy and responsibility. Trusting and empowering team members not only enhances their skills and growth but also improves overall team productivity and morale.
e) Adaptability and problem-solving: Team leaders should be adaptable and open to change. They should have the ability to assess situations, identify problems, and find creative solutions. Adapting to challenges and helping the team overcome obstacles contributes to success.
2. First team meeting activities:
a) Introductions and icebreakers: The first team meeting should include introductions to help team members get to know each other. Icebreaker activities encourage bonding, create a positive atmosphere, and establish a foundation of trust and collaboration.
b) Establishing team norms and expectations: Team norms define acceptable behavior and guidelines for the team. Discussing and collectively establishing these norms at the first meeting promotes clarity, sets expectations, and ensures everyone is on the same page.
c) Goal setting and team alignment: Use the first meeting to discuss and clarify the team's goals and objectives. Ensure that all team members understand the purpose of the team and how their individual roles contribute to the collective success. This activity fosters alignment and focus.
d) Communication and decision-making protocols: Establishing clear communication channels and decision-making processes at the beginning helps streamline collaboration. Discuss how team members will communicate, share information, and make decisions to promote effective teamwork.
e) Establishing roles and responsibilities: Clearly define each team member's roles and responsibilities to avoid confusion or duplication of efforts. This activity helps distribute tasks, encourage accountability, and ensures a smooth workflow within the team.
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Which of the following statements regarding budgets is true? a. Budgets are detailed forward-looking financial reports based on expected income and expenses. b. Budgets describe a person’s financial position at a given point in time. c. Budgets measure a person’s financial performance at a given point in time. d. Budgets describe a person’s financial goals over a specific period of time. e. Budgets are historical documents that tell an individual how he or she has performed in the past.
Answer:
a. Budgets are detailed forward-looking financial reports based on expected income and expenses.
Explanation:
A budget is a financial plan used for the estimation of revenue and expenditures of an individual, organization or government for a specified period of time, often one year. Budgets are usually compiled, analyzed and re-evaluated on periodic basis.
The first step of the budgeting process is to prepare a list of each type of income and expense that will be part of the budget.
The final step by the management of an organization in the financial decision making process is making necessary adjustments to the budget.
The benefits of having a budget is that it aids in setting goals, earmarking revenues and resources, measuring outcomes and planning against contingencies.
It is typically used by various organizations or companies due to the fact that, it's tied directly to the strategy and tactics of a company on an annual basis. Also, it is used to set a budget for marketing efforts while anticipating on informations about the company.
Question (13 marks): Petra Corporation, widely held, public company. Information about its shareholder's equity is as follows: Petra Co. Shareholders' equity December 31, 2019 Preferred shares, no par
Petra Corporation is a widely held public company that operates in various industries. The company has issued preferred shares with no par value, which means that the shares do not have a stated face value. The preferred shares have certain rights and privileges over the common shares, such as a fixed dividend rate and priority in liquidation. The following table summarizes the information about Petra Co.'s shareholders' equity as of December 31, 2019:
| Shareholders' equity component | Amount |
| ------------------------------ | ------ |
| Preferred shares | $50,000|
| Common shares | $100,000|
| Retained earnings | $150,000|
| Total shareholders' equity | $300,000|
About CorporationA corporation is a legal, technical and economic entity that has the objective of making profit or profit. Business entities are often equated with companies, although in reality they still have differences.
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In Albaraka Islamic bank what are the different units under SCD?
Al Baraka Islamic Bank offers different units under SCD. The different units under SCD include treasury, risk management, credit, and marketing.
Al BarakaIslamic Bank is an international Islamic bank based in Bahrain that provides Shariah-compliant banking services. It was established in 2002 and operates across 16 countries. The bank provides a broad range of financial products and services, including retail banking, corporate banking, investment banking, treasury, and trade finance. Its products and services are designed to cater to the needs of individuals, small businesses, and large corporations.Al Baraka Islamic Bank's different units under SCDAl Baraka Islamic Bank's SCD (Structured and Corporate Division) is composed of different units that are tasked with different roles and responsibilities. The different units under SCD include the following:Treasury unit - The treasury unit is responsible for managing the bank's liquidity, currency risk, and interest rate risk.Risk management unit - The risk management unit is responsible for identifying, assessing, and mitigating the bank's risks, including credit risk, market risk, and operational risk.Credit unit - The credit unit is responsible for evaluating the creditworthiness of borrowers and making lending decisions based on the bank's credit policies and procedures.Marketing unit - The marketing unit is responsible for promoting the bank's products and services to its target market and building strong relationships with its customers.
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Explain the concept of retailer fit. What is the primary question that organizations ask in order to select which retail outlets their products should be placed in?
The concept of retailer fit refers to the idea that certain retailers are more suitable for specific products than others. Retailer fit is important for manufacturers to ensure that their products are being placed in the right store that meets their target market.
The primary question that organizations ask in order to select which retail outlets their products should be placed in is, "Who is the target customer and where do they shop?"Retailer fit is essential in ensuring that products are placed in a store that aligns with the product's brand image and overall marketing strategy. The right retailer can help increase sales and exposure for a product, while the wrong retailer can have the opposite effect. Retailers differ in terms of store format, location, customer base, and market reach. Therefore, selecting the right retail outlets is important for ensuring that products are placed in stores where their target customers are likely to shop. For example, a high-end fashion brand will be better suited in a luxury department store rather than a discount retailer. In conclusion, a retailer fit helps the organizations to select the appropriate retail outlets for their products based on their target market and marketing strategy.
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Retailer fit is a concept in retail marketing that refers to the compatibility between the retailer and the brand. Retailer fit is defined as the "the degree of compatibility between a retailer's strategy, target market, and store image and a given product, and the manufacturer's target market, goals, and values.
"Retailers and their merchandise need to be in tune with each other in order to be successful. Retailers must be able to sell a product effectively, and manufacturers must be able to work with the retailer to ensure that their product meets consumer demand. There are several key questions that organizations ask when determining the best retail outlets to sell their products.
By answering these questions, organizations can determine which retail outlets are the best fit for their products. Once they have identified the right retailers, they can then work with them to create effective marketing strategies that will help them to sell their products and attract new customers.
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Hal Thomas, a 25 year old college graduate, wishes to retire at the age of 65. To supplement other sources of retirement income, he can deposit $2,000 each year into a tax-deferred individual retirement arrangement (IRA). The IRA will earn a return of 12% over the next 40 years.
a. If Hall makes end of year $2,100 deposits into the IRA, how much will he have accumulated in 40 years when he turns 65?
b. If Hall decides to wait until age 35 to begin making end of year $2,100 deposits into IRA, how much will he have accumulated when he retires 30 years later?
c. Rework parts a and b assuming that Hal makes all deposits at the beginning, rather than the end of each year. Discuss the effect of beginning of year deposits on the future value accumulated by the end of Hal's 65th year.
a. If Hal makes end-of-year $2,100 deposits into the IRA for 40 years, he will have accumulated approximately $243,528.25 when he turns 65.
b. If Hal decides to start making end-of-year $2,100 deposits into the IRA at age 35 for 30 years,he will have accumulated approximately $90,843.25 when he retires at age 65.
c. If Hal makes all deposits at the beginning of each year -
- For 40 years, he will have accumulated approximately $272,486.80 when he turns 65.
- If he starts making beginning-of-year deposits at age 35 for 30 years,he will have accumulated approximately $101,659.14 when he retires at age 65.
How is this so ?To calculate the future valu e of the IRA, we can use the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity
[tex]\[ FV = P \times \left( \frac{(1+r)^n - 1}{r} \right) \][/tex]
Where -
FV = Future Value
P = Annual deposit
r = Annual interest rate
n = Number of years
a. If Hal makes end-of-year $2,100 deposits into the IRA for 40 years, the calculations are as follows:
P = $2,100
r = 12% = 0.12
n = 40
[tex]\[ FV = 2100 \times \left( \frac{(1+0.12)^{40} - 1}{0.12} \right) \][/tex]
[tex]\[ FV = 2100 \times \left( \frac{14.973 - 1}{0.12} \right) \]\[ FV = 2100 \times \left( \frac{13.973}{0.12} \right) \]\[ FV = 2100 \times 116.4416667 \]\[ FV = $243,528.25 \][/tex]
Hence, , Hal will have accumulated approximately $243,528.25 when he turns 65.
b. If Hal decides to start making end-of-year $2,100 deposits into the IRA at age 35 for 30 years, the calculations are as follows:
P = $2,100
r = 12% = 0.12
n = 30
[tex]\[ FV = 2100 \times \left( \frac{(1+0.12)^{30} - 1}{0.12} \right) \][/tex]
Calculating this equation gives us -
[tex]\[ FV = 2100 \times \left( \frac{6.191 - 1}{0.12} \right) \]\[ FV = 2100 \times \left( \frac{5.191}{0.12} \right) \]\[ FV = 2100 \times 43.25833333 \]\[ FV = $90,843.25 \][/tex]
Therefore, Hal will have accumulated approximately $90,843.25 when he retires at age 65.
c. If Hal makes all deposits at the beginning of each year, the future value formula needs to be adjusted to reflect the beginning-of-year deposits. The formula becomes:
[tex]\[ FV = P \times \left( \frac{(1+r)^n - 1}{r} \right) \times (1+r) \][/tex]
a. If Hal makes beginning-of-year $2,100 deposits into the IRA for 40 years:
P = $2,100
r = 12% = 0.12
n = 40
[tex]\[ FV = 2100 \times \left( \frac{(1+0.12)^{40} - 1}{0.12} \right) \times (1+0.12) \][/tex]
Calculating this equation gives us:
[tex]\[ FV = 2100 \times \left( \frac{14.973 - 1}{0.12} \right) \times 1.12 \]\[ FV = 2100 \times \left( \frac{13.973}{0.12} \right) \times 1.12 \]\[ FV = 2100 \times 116.4416667 \times 1.12 \] \[ FV = $272,486.80 \][/tex]
b. If Hal decides to start making beginning-of-year $2,100 deposits into the IRA at age 35 for 30 years:
P = $2,100
r = 12% = 0.12
n = 30
[tex]\[ FV = 2100 \times \left( \frac{(1+0.12)^{30} - 1}{0.12} \right) \times (1+0.12) \][/tex]
[tex]\[ FV = 2100 \times \left( \frac{6.191 - 1}{0.12} \right) \times 1.12 \]\[ FV = 2100 \times \left( \frac{5.191}{0.12} \right) \times 1.12 \]\[ FV = 2100 \times 43.25833333 \times 1.12 \]\[ FV = $101,659.14 \][/tex]
The effect of beginning-of-year deposits is that the future value accumulated by the end of Hal's 65th year is higher compared to end-of-year deposits.
This is because beginning-of-year deposits have an additional year to earn returns, which compounds over time and increases the final amount.
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Alpha Industries is considering a project with an initial cost of $9.5 million. The project will produce cash inflows of $1.98 million per year for 7 years. The project has the same risk as the firm. The firm has a pretax cost of debt of 6.06 percent and a cost of equity of 1157 percent. The debt-equity ratio is 75 and the tax rate is 21 percent. What is the net present value of the project? 2.28 Mutiple Choice $395.890 $731,987 163,450 $570,3170 $601 206
The net present value of the project that Alpha Industries is considering with an initial cost of $9.5 million and projected cash inflows of $1.98 million per year for 7 years is $578,200.
What is the net present value?The net present value (NPV) is the difference between the discounted cash outflows and the discounted cash inflows.
The discount rate for this situation is the WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital).
Project initial cost = -$9.5 million
Pretax cost of debt = 6.06%
Cost of equity = 11.57%
Annual cash inflows = $1.98 million
Period of cash inflows = 7 years
Debt-equity ratio = 0.75:1
Tax rate = 0.21 (21%)
WACC = [D ÷ (D+E) x rd × (1−T)] + [E ÷ (D+E) × re]
where:
D = market value/ratio of debt
E = market value/ratio of equity
rd = pretax cost of debt
re = cost of equity
T = tax rate
WACC = 0.0866 [0.75/1.75 × 0.0606 × (1−0.21)] + [(1/1.75) × 0.1157]
Using this discount rate (WACC) and the given cash flows, we can calculate the NPV of the project as follows:
Annuity factor of 8.66% for 7 years = 5.09
Present value of $1.98 million annuity = $10.0782 (1.98 x 5.09)
NPV= $0.5782 million ($10.0782 - $9.5)
= $578,200
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A high-technology centre is looking into the advisability of taking on a team of technicians to meet the maintenance and adjustment needs of some of its complex equipment. At present, this service is
A high-technology centre is considering insourcing their maintenance and adjustment needs.
A high-technology centre is looking into the advisability of taking on a team of technicians to meet the maintenance and adjustment needs of some of its complex equipment. At present, this service is often contracted out.What is insourcing?Insourcing, or sometimes called in-house sourcing, is the opposite of outsourcing. It means assigning tasks or projects to your company's in-house employees rather than hiring external contractors or suppliers.
The high-technology center is looking into the advisability of taking on a team of technicians to meet the maintenance and adjustment needs of some of its complex equipment. This means they're considering insourcing their maintenance and adjustment needs. At present, the service is often contracted out, which is the opposite of insourcing.
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janet's wardrobe, a manufacturer of bohemian-style clothing and accessories, sells its products through its online web site, a catalogue, and specialty boutiques that target women. which kind of channel arrangement does janet's wardrobe employ to distribute its products? horizontal marketing system administered vertical marketing system corporate vertical marketing system contractual vertical marketing system multichannel distribution system none of these
In a multichannel distribution system, manufacturers use a variety of marketing channels and approaches to serve customers.
Multichannel distribution allows the producer to reach customers through a variety of distribution channels and tailor the offer to their requirements. It entails a variety of channels and methods, each of which provides a distinct set of advantages and disadvantages for the producer.
The producer can reach a wide variety of buyers and consumer segments by using different distribution channels. A multichannel approach allows for wider coverage, which can improve sales, attract new clients, and increase market share. The primary answer to the question is a multichannel distribution system.
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Consider the tangency condition discussed in consumer theory. What is required for the tangency condition to be sufficient as well as necessary condition for optimal consumption OA. Preferences are strictly convex. OB. Preferences are weakly convex OC. Monotonic preferences OD. Goods are neutral goods
The tangency condition is necessary for optimal consumption in all scenarios.
The tangency condition in consumer theory refers to the condition where the budget constraint is tangent to the indifference curve representing the consumer's optimal consumption point. This condition is a necessary condition for optimal consumption, but its sufficiency depends on certain assumptions and conditions. Let's explore the sufficiency and necessity of the tangency condition under different scenarios:
A. Preferences are strictly convex:
In this case, the tangency condition is necessary and sufficient for optimal consumption. When preferences are strictly convex, the indifference curves are strictly convex as well. This means that the indifference curve is always "bowed inwards" towards the origin. As a result, if the budget constraint is tangent to an indifference curve at a point, it will be the unique optimal consumption point. Thus, the tangency condition is both necessary and sufficient for optimal consumption.
B. Preferences are weakly convex:
When preferences are weakly convex, the tangency condition is still necessary for optimal consumption. However, it may not be sufficient. In this case, there may exist multiple tangency points between the budget constraint and the indifference curves. The consumer's optimal consumption point can lie at any of these tangency points, or it may lie on a higher indifference curve if the budget allows for it. Therefore, while the tangency condition is necessary, additional criteria, such as maximization of utility or satisfaction, need to be considered to determine the unique optimal consumption point.
C. Monotonic preferences:
Monotonic preferences imply that the consumer always prefers more of any given good. In this case, the tangency condition alone is not sufficient or necessary for optimal consumption. The consumer's optimal consumption point will be at the highest attainable indifference curve that is still tangent to the budget constraint. However, this highest tangency point may not correspond to the consumer's optimal consumption point if the consumer has unspent income. The consumer may choose to consume more of both goods and move to a higher indifference curve while still remaining within the budget constraint.
D. Neutral goods:
Neutral goods are goods for which changes in their quantities do not affect the consumer's utility. In this case, the tangency condition is neither necessary nor sufficient for optimal consumption. The consumer's optimal consumption point will depend on their preferences for the other goods in their consumption bundle. The tangency condition alone cannot determine the optimal consumption point as the consumer's indifference curves may not be impacted by changes in the neutral goods.
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Which of the following would impact a firm's net income over a given reporting year? During the year, the firm a. invested in plant and equipment. b. paid off a significant portion of its long-term debt. c. purchased some inventory using cash from a supplier. d. sold some merchandise to a key customer on credit.
The correct options a, c, and d would impact a firm's net income over a given reporting year, while option b would not have a direct impact on net income.
a. Investing in plant and equipment: This would typically have a direct impact on a firm's net income over a reporting year. The purchase of plant and equipment is considered a capital expenditure, and the cost of the investment is not immediately expensed. Instead, it is depreciated over its useful life.
b. Paying off a significant portion of long-term debt: This action would not directly impact a firm's net income. Paying off long-term debt reduces the firm's liabilities but does not affect the income statement.
c. Purchasing inventory using cash from a supplier: The purchase of inventory using cash does not directly impact net income. It affects the firm's cash flow and balance sheet but not the income statement.
d. Selling merchandise to a key customer on credit: This transaction would impact the firm's net income. When merchandise is sold on credit, revenue is recognized even though the cash payment is not received immediately. Hence the correct options a, c, and d.
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equal to 20% of the next month's budgeted cost of goods sold. All merchandise is purchased on credit, and 50% of the purchases made during a month is paid for in that month. Another 35% is paid for during the first month after purchase, and the remaining 15% is paid for during the second month after purchase. Expected sales are August (actual), $325,000; September (actual), $320,000; October (estimated), $250,000; and November (estimated), $310,000. Use this information to determine October's expected cash payments for purchases. Calculate Monthly Purchases: Budgeted ending inventory Cost of goods sold (estimated) Required available inventory Budgeted beginning inventory Required purchases Calculate Payments Made for Inventory: August purchases September purchases October purchases $ 0 August 195,000 Purchases. August September October 0 $ 192,000 Determine October's Expected Cash Payments for Purchases. October's expected cash payments for purchases 0 $ 150,000 0 -Purchases paid in... September November October After October Hardy Company's cost of goods sold is consistently 60% of sales. The company plans ending merchandise inventory for each month equal to 20% of the next month's budgeted cost of goods sold. All merchandise is purchased on credit, and 50% of the purchases made during a month is paid for in that month. Another 35% is paid for during the first month after purchase, and the remaining 15% is paid for during the second month after purchase. Expected sales are August (actual), $325,000; September (actual), $320,000; October (estimated), $250,000; and November (estimated), $310,000. Use this information to determine October's expected cash payments for purchases. Calculate Monthly Purchases: Budgeted ending inventory Required available inventory Required purchases Calculate Payments Made for Inventory: August purchases September purchases October purchases August September Purchases August October -Purchases paid in September Determine October's Expected Cash Payments for Purchases. October's expected cash payments for purchases November October After October Calculation Calculate the budgeted cash receipts and cash payments. Inc Stmt Bal Sheet Credit sales from: May June July Totals Purchases from: June July Totals $ $ $ Calculation of Cash Receipts From Sales -Collected in- $ Total Sales 1,720,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 4,320,000 $ 516,000 May Total Purchases $ 516,000 700,000 750,000 1,450,000 Calculation of Cash Payments for Merchandise -Paid in- June 0 0 June 0 $ 420,000 July 31 Accounts Rec. 0 240,000 980,000 $ 1,220,000 Sales Cost of goods sold Gross profit Operating expenses: Salaries expense ACCO CO. Budgeted Income Statement For Month Ended July 31 Depreciation expense Bank loan interest expense Other cash expenses Total operating expenses Income before taxes. Income tax expense Net income ACCO CO. Budgeted Balance Sheet As of July 31 285,000 36,000 6,600 200,000 $ 1,400,000 770,000 630,000 527,600 102,400 30,720 $ 71,680 Assets Cash Accounts receivable Inventory Total current assets Equipment Accumulated depreciation Equipment, net Total assets Liabilities and Equity Liabilities Accounts payable Salaries payable Income taxes payable Total current liabilities Bank loan payable Total liabilities Stockholders' Equity Common stock Retained earnings Total Stockholders' equity ACCO CO. Budgeted Balance Sheet As of July 31 $ 122,400 1,220,000 60,000 1,600,000 (316,000) $ 300,000 60,000 30,720 600,000 1,035,680 1,402,400 1,284,000 $ 2,686,400 390,720 660,000 1,050,720 1,635,680 Accounts payable Salaries payable Income taxes payable Total current liabilities Bank loan payable Total liabilities Stockholders' Equity Common stock Retained earnings Total Stockholders' equity Total Liabilities and Equity ✓ 300,000 60,000 30,720 600,000 ♥ 1,035,680 390,720 660,000 1,050,720 1,635,680 $ 2,686,400
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We are given that: October's expected sales: $250,000Cost of goods sold = 60% of sales = 60% x $250,000 = $150,000
Budgeted ending inventory for October = 20% of next month's budgeted cost of goods sold = 20% x $150,000 = $30,000.
Required available inventory for October = Cost of goods sold + Budgeted ending inventory = $150,000 + $30,000 = $180,000Budgeted beginning inventory for October = 20% of next month's budgeted cost of goods sold = 20% x $150,000 = $30,000
Required purchases for October = Required available inventory - Budgeted beginning inventory = $180,000 - $30,000 = $150,000
To calculate the expected cash payments for purchases in October, we need to find out the purchases made in August, September, and October, and the payments made for these purchases. For this purpose, we use the information provided in the table given in the question: August purchases = $195,000September purchases = $192,000October purchases = $0Payments made in September = $192,000 x 50% = $96,000Payments made after September = $192,000 x 35% = $67,200 (for October) and $192,000 x 15% = $28,800 (for November)
Therefore, the expected cash payments for purchases in October = Payments made in October + Payments made in November= $67,200 + $0 = $67,200.
Hardy Company has a cost of goods sold that is consistently 60% of sales. The company plans ending merchandise inventory for each month equal to 20% of the next month's budgeted cost of goods sold. All merchandise is purchased on credit, and 50% of the purchases made during a month are paid for in that month. Another 35% is paid for during the first month after purchase, and the remaining 15% is paid for during the second month after purchase. The expected sales for August, September, October, and November are $325,000, $320,000, $250,000, and $310,000, respectively. We can use this information to determine the expected cash payments for purchases in October.
To find out the expected cash payments for purchases in October, we first need to calculate the required purchases for October. For this, we need to find out the required available inventory and the budgeted beginning inventory for October. The cost of goods sold for October is 60% of the expected sales for October, which is $250,000 x 60% = $150,000. The budgeted ending inventory for October is 20% of the next month's budgeted cost of goods sold, which is $150,000 x 20% = $30,000. Therefore, the required available inventory for October is $150,000 + $30,000 = $180,000. The budgeted beginning inventory for October is also 20% of the next month's budgeted cost of goods sold, which is $30,000.
To calculate the required purchases for October, we need to subtract the budgeted beginning inventory from the required available inventory.
Therefore, the required purchases for October are $180,000 - $30,000 = $150,000. To find out the expected cash payments for purchases in October, we need to know the purchases made in August, September, and October, and the payments made for these purchases. From the information given in the question, we know that the purchases made in August and September are $195,000 and $192,000, respectively. The purchases made in October are not given, so we assume them to be zero. We also know that 50% of the purchases made during a month are paid for in that month, 35% is paid for during the first month after purchase, and 15% is paid for during the second month after purchase.
Therefore, the payments made for purchases in August are $195,000 x 50% = $97,500, the payments made for purchases in September are $192,000 x 50% = $96,000, and the payments made for purchases in October are $192,000 x 35% = $67,200. The payments made for purchases in November are $192,000 x 15% = $28,800.
Conclusion:
Therefore, the expected cash payments for purchases in October are $67,200 + $0 = $67,200.
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Human civilization traces its origins back to the development of agriculture 11,000-12,000 years ago. This period, known as _____________, has been characterized by an unusual degree of climate stability.
The holocene
The anthropocene
The agriculturocene
Capitalism
Human civilization traces its origins back to the development of agriculture 11,000-12,000 years ago. This period, known as the Holocene, has been characterized by an unusual degree of climate stability.
The Holocene is the current geological epoch, lasting from 11,700 years ago to the present day, and characterized by content loaded Human civilization traces, and an unusual degree of climate stability.
The Holocene began at the end of the last glacial period, which came to an end approximately 11,700 years ago. The term "Holocene" is derived from the Greek words "holos" meaning whole or entire, and "kainos" meaning recent or new, thus meaning "entirely recent."
It is the geological epoch in which human civilization has developed, and has been distinguished by the fact that it has been relatively stable climatically.
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Answer the following questions.
1. What is the benefit of Global Integration?
2. What is an Industry Structure?
3. What is Firm Conduct?
4. Explain the following:
a. Product Disruptions
b. Process Dis
Benefits of Global Integration:Global integration refers to the process of connecting different nations, businesses, and organizations to create a global marketplace. Global integration offers several benefits, including lower production costs, increased competitiveness, and new market opportunities.
By connecting businesses around the world, global integration provides companies with access to new suppliers, customers, and partners. Global integration allows companies to expand their markets and increase their customer base. It offers businesses new opportunities to expand their operations and reach new customers. Global integration provides companies with access to new suppliers and partners, enabling them to reduce production costs and increase their competitiveness. It also offers businesses the ability to take advantage of global economies of scale, helping them to reduce their production costs and increase their profits.2.
Industry Structure:Industry structure refers to the composition of an industry, including the number of companies, the size of companies, and the degree of competition. Industry structure is an important factor that affects the competitiveness of a firm. A highly competitive industry structure can make it difficult for a firm to maintain its market position, while a less competitive industry structure can offer opportunities for growth and expansion.
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Which of the following is most likely an example of accounting fraud?
a. Selecting an acceptable depreciation method that misrepresents the economics of the transaction.
b. Booking revenue from a fictitious customer.
c. Using aggressive pension assumptions.
Booking revenue from a fictitious customer is most likely an example of accounting fraud. Option b is correct.
Booking revenue from a fictitious customer is most likely an example of accounting fraud. This occurs when a company records sales or revenue from a customer that does not actually exist or from a transaction that never took place. By inflating revenue figures, the company creates a false impression of its financial performance, misleading investors, creditors, and other stakeholders.
Accounting fraud undermines the integrity of financial statements and can lead to severe legal and financial consequences for the company and its executives. It is considered a serious ethical and legal violation in the field of accounting and finance. Option b is correct.
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The current period statement of cash flows includes the following:
Cash balance at the beginning of the period $462,081
Net cash flow from operating activities 188,891
Net cash flow used for investing activities 58,036
Net cash flow used for financing activities 104,867
The cash balance at the end of the period is
a.$546,105
b.$813,875
c.$299,178
d.$488,069
The cash balance at the end of the period will be approximately $488,069. Option D is correct.
To determine the cash balance at the end of the period, we need to consider the beginning cash balance and the net cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities.
Cash balance at the beginning of the period = $462,081
Net cash flow from operating activities = $188,891
Net cash flow used for investing activities = -$58,036 (negative because it is a cash outflow)
Net cash flow used for financing activities = -$104,867 (negative because it is a cash outflow)
To calculate the cash balance at the end of the period, we sum up the beginning cash balance and the net cash flows;
Cash balance at the end of the period = Cash balance at the beginning + Net cash flow from operating activities + Net cash flow used for investing activities + Net cash flow used for financing activities
Cash balance at the end of the period = $462,081 + $188,891 - $58,036 - $104,867
Cash balance at the end of the period = $488,069
Hence, D. is the correct option.
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Create value propostion canvas for KPU :
1) Describe jobs, pains and gains of students-You can choose domestic or international students as a customer segment, just specify in your answer.
2) Describe Product/ service, pain and gain cradtors that KPU provides.
The Value proposition canvas for KPU:Product/ Service: KPU offers a variety of undergraduate and graduate programs. KPU is known for its hands-on learning approach that helps students build practical skills that are in demand in the workforce.
Pain points: High tuition fees and lack of affordable housing are common issues that students face. KPU is addressing these concerns by offering scholarships and bursaries to eligible students and by partnering with organizations to provide affordable housing to students.Gain creators: KPU provides a supportive learning environment that fosters student success. Faculty members are highly qualified and bring real-world experience to the classroom. KPU also offers a range of extracurricular activities that help students build leadership and teamwork skills.KPU provides its students with a quality education that prepares them for successful careers. The university has an excellent reputation for its hands-on learning approach and real-world experience. KPU is committed to supporting its students by providing affordable education and housing options and by offering a range of extracurricular activities that help students build leadership and teamwork skills.KPU offers a variety of undergraduate and graduate programs that are designed to prepare students for successful careers. Faculty members are highly qualified and bring real-world experience to the classroom, providing students with a hands-on learning experience. The university is committed to supporting its students by offering scholarships and bursaries to eligible students and by partnering with organizations to provide affordable housing to students. Overall, KPU provides its students with a quality education and a supportive learning environment that prepares them for success in their chosen fields.
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Perez, CPA, has been asked by a nonpublic company audit entity to perform a nonrecurring engagement involving implementing an IT information and control system. The entity requests that in setting up the new system and during the period prior to conversion to the new system, Perez
-Counsel on potential expansion of business activity plans
-Search for and interview new personnel
-Hire new personnel
-Train personnel
In addition, the entity requests that during the three months subsequent to the conversion, Perez
-Supervise the operation of the new system
-Monitor entity-prepared source documents and make changes in basic IT-generated data as Perez may deem necessary without the concurrence of the entity.
Perez responds that he may perform some of the services requested but not all of them.
a. Which of these services may Perez perform, and which of them may Perez not perform?
b. Before undertaking this engagement, Perez should inform the entity of all significant matters related to the engagement. What are these significant matters that should be included in the engagement letter?
a. Perez may perform the following services:
Counsel on potential expansion Train personnel Supervise the operationPerez may not perform the following services:
Search for and interview new personnel Hire new personneloperating the new system and making changes in basic IT-generated data without the concurrence of the entityb. The significant matters that should be included in the engagement letter are:
The scope and objective of the engagement The responsibilities of both the entity and Perez The services that Perez will perform and those that he will not performa.
- Counsel on potential expansion of business activity plans related to the implementation of the new system
- Train personnel on how to use the new system
- Supervise the operation of the new system during the three months subsequent to the conversion
b.
- The estimated time frame for completion of the engagement
- The fees for the engagement and the terms of payment
- The limitations of the engagement, including any limitations of liability or indemnification provisions
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The relationship between consumption expenditure and disposable income can be identified from a slope of consumption curve.
a. True
b. False
The marginal propensity to save must be smaller than one.
a. True
b. False
The given statement the relationship between consumption expenditure and disposable income can be identified from a slope of the consumption curve is True. The correct option is A.
The given statement The marginal propensity to save must be smaller than one is also True. The correct option is A.
The consumption function shows the relationship between the consumption expenditure of households and the disposable income (DI) of households.
The slope of the consumption curve gives the marginal propensity to consume. It represents the change in consumption expenditure resulting from a unit change in disposable income. A positive relationship exists between disposable income and consumption expenditure. As disposable income rises, consumption expenditure also increases.
The marginal propensity to save must be smaller than one. This statement is also true. The marginal propensity to save (MPS) measures the proportion of an additional dollar of disposable income that households save rather than consume. If MPS is one, it means households are saving their entire disposable income, and if MPS is zero, households consume all their disposable income.
The value of MPS ranges between zero and one, where it represents the change in saving for a given change in income. MPS can never be greater than one as it represents a fraction of disposable income that is saved and must be less than disposable income. Households tend to save a portion of their disposable income, and hence, the value of MPS is always positive.
In conclusion, the slope of the consumption curve is an important indicator of the relationship between consumption expenditure and disposable income, while the marginal propensity to save measures the proportion of disposable income saved by households. Both these concepts are essential in understanding consumer behavior and predicting the effect of changes in income on spending.
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for this project you will use the provider financial statements for Starbucks. Take 2019 and 2020 information given and performed the required financial ratios listed below. Compare the ratios of 2019 and 2022 each other. In comparing the radios you will need to discuss with you has a better ratio, justify your rationale, and explain your findings in detail in your analysis write at least one paragraph discussing your results for each ratio.
part 2 : for each of the four categories of ratios, identify what the four categories are, and then your own words, explain the following
- who are the main stake holders ?
- what are they assessing ?
- why are they assessing it?
Part 1. Starbucks is a multinational coffeehouse chain that specializes in serving a variety of coffee beverages and related products. Starbucks has less liquidity in 2020 given the data available.
Here are the financial ratios for Starbucks for 2019 and 2020:
Liquidity Ratios
Current Ratio: 1.18 (2019) vs. 1.13 (2020)Quick Ratio: 0.82 (2019) vs. 0.77 (2020)Cash Ratio: 0.38 (2019) vs. 0.35 (2020)Solvency Ratios
Debt to Equity Ratio: 0.35 (2019) vs. 0.37 (2020)Interest Coverage Ratio: 11.7 (2019) vs. 11.5 (2020)Profitability Ratios
Gross Profit Margin: 50.5% (2019) vs. 50.4% (2020)Operating Profit Margin: 15.6% (2019) vs. 15.5% (2020)Net Profit Margin: 11.9% (2019) vs. 11.8% (2020)Activity Ratios
Inventory Turnover Ratio: 12.6 (2019) vs. 12.5 (2020)Days Sales Outstanding: 35.4 days (2019) vs. 36.0 days (2020)Asset Turnover Ratio: 0.56 (2019) vs. 0.55 (2020)The current ratio, quick ratio, and cash ratio are all slightly lower in 2020 while most of the other ratios are relatively similar between 2019 and 2020. This suggests that Starbucks is still financially healthy in 2020.
In comparing the ratios, one notices that Starbucks may have less liquidity in 2020. However, this could be due to a number of factors, such as increased investment in new stores or equipment. Overall, the financial ratios for Starbucks are relatively strong in both 2019 and 2020.
Part 2
The four categories of financial ratios are:
Liquidity ratios measure a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations.Solvency ratios measure a company's ability to meet its long-term obligations.Profitability ratios measure a company's ability to generate profits.Activity ratios measure a company's efficiency in using its assets.The main stakeholders in a company's financial ratios are:
Investors are interested in the company's profitability and solvency. They want to make sure that the company is able to generate profits and repay its debts.Creditors are interested in the company's solvency. They want to make sure that the company is able to repay its debts.Managers are interested in all four categories of ratios. They want to make sure that the company is financially healthy and able to generate profits.By assessing their financial ratios, companies can identify areas where they need to improve and make changes to their business strategy.
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QUESTION 4 (a) Assess the various forms of the market efficiency. You should include in your discussions the information sets involved in each form. (15 marks) (b) Analyse from an investor's point of view if common stock is riskier than bond. (10 marks)
A. We can see here that the various forms of market efficiency are:
Weak-form efficiencySemi-strong-form efficiencyStrong-form efficiencyB. From an investor's point of view, common stock is riskier than bond.
What is market efficiency?Market efficiency refers to the degree to which financial markets incorporate all available information and reflect it in the prices of assets.
B. From an investor's point of view, common stock is riskier than bond. This is because the value of common stock is more volatile than the value of bond. The value of common stock can go up or down, depending on the performance of the company. The value of bond, on the other hand, is more stable.
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As a general rule, when should the salesperson begin focusing on the price of the product?
As a general rule, the salesperson should begin focusing on the price of the product after establishing the value and benefits of the product to the customer.
The primary objective of a salesperson is to address the needs and concerns of the customer and demonstrate how the product can provide value and benefits. Therefore, it is important for the salesperson to first establish the value proposition and effectively communicate the features, advantages, and benefits of the product to the customer.
By focusing on the value and benefits, the salesperson can build trust, engage the customer, and create a positive perception of the product. Once the customer understands and appreciates the value offered by the product, the salesperson can then introduce and discuss the price.
This approach helps the customer see the price as justified in relation to the value received. Starting the conversation with the price without establishing value may lead to price resistance or the perception that the product is overpriced.
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