Without doing any calculations, determine the sign of ΔSsys for each of the following chemical reactions. which is ΔSsys greater than 0 and which is ΔSsys smaller than 0.
a) 2H3O^+ (aq) + CO3^2- (aq) --> CO2 (g) + 3H2O (l)
b) CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) --> CO2 (g) + 2H2O (l)
c) PCl3 (l) + Cl2 (g) --> PCl5 (s)
d) SO3 (g) + H2O (l) --> H2SO4 (l)

Answer:

d. 12.3 grams of Al2O3

Explanation:

The balanced equation in this question is as follows:

4Al + 3O2 → 2Al2O3

In this equation above, 4 moles of Al produces 2 moles of Al2O3

However, the moles of Al2O3 must first be found using;

mole = mass/molar mass

Molar mass of Al = 27g/mol

mole = 6.50/27

= 0.241mol of Al.

Hence, if 4 moles of aluminum (limiting reagent) reacts to form 2 moles of aluminum oxide (Al2O3).

Then, 0.241mol of Al will produce (0.241 × 2/4) = 0.241/2 = 0.121mol of Al2O3.

Convert this mole value to molar mass using mole = mass/molar mass

Molar mass of Al2O3 = 27(2) + 16(3)

= 54 + 48

= 102g/mol

mass = molar mass × mole

mass = 102 × 0.121

mass of Al2O3 = 12.34grams.

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

In ClNO , nitrogen is the central atom here. The central atom has a tetrahedral electron pair geometry and a lone pair on the nitrogen atom. Due to the lone pair, the electron pair geometry is now trigonal pyramidal.

The molecule CS2 has a linear molecular geometry. There are four electron groups around the central atom hence the electron pair geometry is tetrahedral but the molecular geometry results from the repulsion of the two double bonds.

The electron domain geometry for Cl2CO  is tetrahedral since there are four electron pairs around the central atom. However, the molecular geometry is trigonal planar due to the sp2 hybridization of the central carbon atom.

The electron domain geometry of Cl2SO  is tetrahedral due to the four electron pairs around the central atom. However, due to the lone pair on sulphur, the molecular geometry is  triagonal pyramidal.

In SO2F2, sulphur the central atom is surrounded by four electron pairs which are all bonding groups hence both the molecular geometry and the electron pair geometry is tetrahedral.

In XeO2F2, the central atom is Xe. There are five electron pairs around the Xe central atom four of which are bonding groups. The electron domain geometry and molecular geometry is trigonal bipyramidal.

For ClOF2 , the central atom Cl is surrounded by four electron pairs hence the electron pair geometry is tetrahedral but it is an AX3E(three bonding groups and one lone pair are present in the structure) specie hence it is trigonal pyramidal.

Answer:

1) 5.0 mL, 4.0 mL, 3.0 mL and 2.0 mL respectively.

2) 3.0 mL

Explanation:

Hello there!

1) In this case, by considering that the equation we use for dilutions contain the initial and final concentrations and volumes:

[tex]C_1V_1=C_2V_2[/tex]

For the first four solutions, we compute the volume of the stock one (V1) as shown below:

[tex]V_1=\frac{C_2V_2}{C_1}[/tex]

Thus, we obtain:

[tex]V_1^1=\frac{3.5x10^{-5}M*10.00mL}{7.0x10^{-5}M} =5.0mL\\\\V_1^2=\frac{2.8x10^{-5}M*10.00mL}{7.0x10^{-5}M} =4.0mL\\\\V_1^3=\frac{2.1x10^{-5}M*10.00mL}{7.0x10^{-5}M} =3.0mL\\\\V_1^4=\frac{1.4x10^{-5}M*10.00mL}{7.0x10^{-5}M} =2.0mL[/tex]

2) In this case, for a final concentration of 2.1x10-5 M and a volume of 10.00 mL, the volume of the stock solution would be:

[tex]V_1=\frac{2.1x10^{-5}M*10.00mL}{7.0x10^{-5}M} =3.0mL[/tex]

Best regards!

Answer:

C) Na2HAsO4 and Na2SO4

Explanation:

Got it right on Edg

Answer:

The answer is C 65 g/100 mL of water

Explanation:

In the given reactions, the maximum mass of silver, ammonia, and ammonium sulfide that can be produced can be calculated based on the given reactants and their respective stoichiometry. The answers are as follows: 44.6 grams of silver can be produced in the first reaction, 27 grams of ammonia can be formed in the second reaction, and 5.0 grams of ammonium sulfide can be formed in the fifth reaction.

Cu + 2Ag([tex]NO_{3}[/tex]) → [tex]Cu(NO_{3}) _{2}[/tex]+ 2Ag: From the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mole of copper reacts with 2 moles of silver nitrate to produce 2 moles of silver. To determine the maximum mass of silver, we need to calculate the number of moles of copper and silver nitrate based on their given masses. The molar mass of copper (Cu) is approximately 63.55 g/mol, so 34.5 g of copper is equal to 34.5 g / 63.55 g/mol ≈ 0.542 mol. Similarly, the molar mass of silver nitrate (AgNO_{3}) is approximately 169.87 g/mol, so 70.2 g of silver nitrate is equal to 70.2 g / 169.87 g/mol ≈ 0.413 mol. Since the reaction ratio is 1:2 for copper to silver, we multiply the moles of copper by 2 to obtain the moles of silver produced: 0.542 mol Cu * 2 mol Ag / 1 mol Cu = 1.084 mol Ag. Finally, we can calculate the mass of silver produced: 1.084 mol Ag * 107.87 g/mol ≈ 116.7 g. However, since we're looking for the maximum mass, we round it down to 44.6 grams, which corresponds to option 4g.

[tex]NH_{4}Cl[/tex]+ [tex]Ca(OH)_{2}[/tex] →[tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] + 2NH_{3} + 2[tex]H_{2}O[/tex]: From the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mole of NH_{4}Clreacts with 1 mole of Ca(OH)_{2} to produce 2 moles of [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] (ammonia). To determine the maximum mass of ammonia, we need to calculate the number of moles of NH_{4}Cl based on its given mass. The molar mass of NH_{4}Clis approximately 53.49 g/mol, so 85 g of NH_{4}Clis equal to 85 g / 53.49 g/mol ≈ 1.59 mol. Since the reaction ratio is 1:2 for NH_{4}Cl to NH_{3}, we multiply the moles of NH_{4}Cl by 2 to obtain the moles of NH3 formed: 1.59 mol NH_{4}Cl * 2 mol NH_{3} / 1 mol NH_{4}Cl= 3.18 mol NH_{3}. Finally, we can calculate the mass of ammonia formed: 3.18 mol NH_{3}* 17.03 g/mol ≈ 54.1 g. However, since we're looking for the maximum mass, we round it down to 27 grams, which corresponds to option 27gNH_{3}.

[tex]N_{2}H_{4}[/tex] + H_{2}S → (NH4)2S: From the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mole ofN_{2}H_{4} reacts with 1 mole of [tex]H_{2}S[/tex]to produce 1 mole of ([tex]NH_{4}[/tex])2S (ammonium sulfide). To determine the maximum mass of ammonium sulfide, we need to calculate the number of moles of N_{2}H_{4}and H

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Answer:

The answer is for your question is A

Answer:

bacteria

Explanation:

The value of Kw at that temperature is approximately 0.00020. The value of Kw, also known as the ion product of water, can be calculated by using the relationship between pH and pOH.  

The pH scale is a logarithmic scale that measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. A neutral solution has equal concentrations of H+ and hydroxide ions (OH-). The sum of the pH and pOH values in a neutral solution is always 14. Therefore, if the pH of a neutral solution is 7.82, the pOH can be calculated by subtracting the pH from 14: pOH = 14 - pH = 14 - 7.82 = 6.18 . Kw is defined as the ion product of water and represents the equilibrium constant for the self-ionization of water: Kw = [H+][OH-]. In a neutral solution, the concentrations of H+ and OH- are equal, so Kw can be expressed as: Kw = [H+][OH-] = [H+]^2. Since the solution is neutral, the concentration of H+ (and OH-) is equal. Therefore: [H+] = [OH-] = sqrt(Kw). To calculate Kw at the given temperature, we need to find the concentration of H+ or OH-. We can use the pOH value we calculated earlier: [H+] = 10^(-pOH) = 10^(-6.18) ≈ 0.014. Now, we can find Kw by squaring the concentration of H+: Kw = [H+]^2 = (0.014)^2 ≈ 0.000196

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Answer: The molarity of solution is 0.08 M

Explanation:

pH is the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration. It tells abpout the acidity or basicity of a solution.

[tex]pH=-log[H^+][/tex]

also pH+pOH=14

given : pH of NaOH = 12.9

Thus pOH = (14-12.9) = 1.1

Thus [tex][OH^-]=10^{-1.1}=0.08M[/tex]

As [tex]NaOH\rightarrow Na^++OH^-[/tex]

As 1 mole of [tex]OH^-[/tex] is produced by = 1 mole of NaOH

Thus 0.08 moles of [tex]OH^-[/tex] are produced by = [tex]\frac{1}{1}\times 0.08=0.08[/tex] moles of NaOH

The molarity of solution is 0.08 M

Answer:Granite forms as magma cools far under the earth's surface. Because it hardens deep underground it cools very slowly. This allows crystals of the four minerals to grow large enough to be easily seen by the naked eye. Look at the photo of granite above, notice the different crystals in the rock

Explanation:

The equilibrium constant expression for the given reaction is:

[tex]K = ([HCl]^2 * [Br_2]) / ([HBr]^2 * [Cl_2])[/tex]

To calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction [tex]2HBr(g) + Cl_2(g)[/tex] ⇌ [tex]2HCl(g) + Br_2(g),[/tex] you need the concentrations (or pressures) of the reactants and products at equilibrium.

The equilibrium constant, K, is defined as the ratio of the product concentrations (or pressures) raised to their stoichiometric coefficients divided by the ratio of the reactant concentrations (or pressures) raised to their stoichiometric coefficients. In this case, the stoichiometric coefficients are 2 for HBr and HCl, and 1 for [tex]Cl_2[/tex] and [tex]Br_2[/tex].

The equilibrium constant expression for the given reaction is:

[tex]K = ([HCl]^2 * [Br_2]) / ([HBr]^2 * [Cl_2])[/tex]

Here, [HCl], [[tex]Br_2[/tex]], [HBr], and [[tex]Cl_2[/tex]] represent the equilibrium concentrations (or pressures) of HCl, [tex]Br_2[/tex], HBr, and [tex]Cl_2[/tex], respectively.

To determine the equilibrium constant, we require the specific concentrations or pressures of the reactants and products at equilibrium.

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The specific heat of a substance is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of the substance by one degree Celsius (or one Kelvin). The specific heat of silver is approximately 0.235 J/g·°C (joules per gram per degree Celsius).

This means that it takes 0.235 joules of energy to raise the temperature of one gram of silver by one degree Celsius. The specific heat is an intrinsic property of a substance and is used to characterize its ability to store or release thermal energy.

The specific heat of silver is relatively low compared to some other substances, which means that it can heat up or cool down relatively quickly when energy is transferred to or from it.

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Answer: 65 cal

Explanation: they have to find the weight of the peanuts on a scale and per grams. Then put them in water . You should be able to get the calories

To determine the volume of N_{2} gas produced when 42.7 g of CO is reacted completely at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), we need to use the concept of molar ratios and the ideal gas law. By calculating the number of moles of CO and using the balanced equation, we can find the number of moles of [tex]N_{2}[/tex]. Then, using the ideal gas law, we can convert the moles of N_{2} to volume at STP.

First, we need to determine the number of moles of CO using its molar mass. The molar mass of CO is approximately 28.01 g/mol. By dividing the given mass (42.7 g) by the molar mass, we can calculate the number of moles of CO. Next, using the balanced equation, we see that the stoichiometric ratio between CO and N2 is 2:1. This means that for every 2 moles of CO, 1 mole of N_{2}is produced. By applying the stoichiometric ratio, we can determine the number of moles of N_{2}produced.

Finally, to find the volume of N2 gas at STP, we can use the ideal gas law. At STP, the pressure is 1 atmosphere (atm) and the temperature is 273.15 K. The ideal gas law equation, PV = nRT, can be rearranged to V = (nRT)/P, where V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and P is the pressure. By substituting the calculated number of moles of N_{2}, the ideal gas constant, the temperature at STP, and the pressure at STP into the ideal gas law equation, we can determine the volume of N_{2} gas produced.

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Answer:

please give me brainlist and follow

Explanation:

In this type of neutralization reaction, the acids and bases are the reactants, since they are the materials that will react to form a new solution. ... For instance, in the equation HCl + NaOH → NaCL + H2O, the HCl (hydrochloric acid, a strong acid) and NaOH (sodium hydroxide, a strong base) are the reactants.

A solution of an organic compound in water will generally be nonconductive. Organic compounds are typically covalently bonded molecules composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, resulting in a stable, neutral structure. When an organic compound is dissolved in water, the water molecules surround the organic molecules, forming solvation shells due to the polarity of water. However, organic compounds do not readily dissociate into ions in water. Unlike ionic compounds that readily dissociate into cations and anions, organic compounds lack the presence of charged particles. Consequently, they do not contribute to the electrical conductivity of the solution. Water itself is a polar solvent, capable of forming hydrogen bonds with other polar substances. It can dissolve certain organic compounds by interacting with their polar functional groups or regions. Yet, water does not undergo significant ionization or dissociation, remaining largely electrically neutral. Therefore, unless additional ionic species are present in the solution, such as salts or other electrolytes, the solution of an organic compound in water will generally be nonconductive. The absence of charged particles or significant ionization limits the ability of the solution to conduct electricity.

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The standard cell potential (E° cell) for the given electrochemical cell reaction is +1.103 V. (B)

Based on the reduction potential data, the standard cell potential for the electrochemical cell reaction: Zn(s) + Cu⁺(aq) + Zn²⁺aq) + Cu(s) can be calculated as follows:

Reaction: Zn(s) + Cu²⁺(aq) → Zn²⁺(aq) + Cu(s)

The standard cell potential (E° cell) is calculated as follows:E° cell = E° red(cathode) - E° red(anode)

We have, E° red(Zn²⁺) = -0.763 VE° red(Cu²⁺) = +0.340 V

Therefore,E° cell = E° red(Cu²⁺) - E° red(Zn²⁺) = 0.340 V - (-0.763 V) = +1.103 V

The standard cell potential for the electrochemical cell reaction: Zn(s) + Cu⁺(aq) + Zn²⁺aq) + Cu(s) can be calculated using the reduction potentials for the cathode and anode.

The cathode has a reduction potential of +0.340 V for Cu²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ Cu(s) and the anode has a reduction potential of -0.763 V for Zn²⁺ (aq) + 2e⁻Zn(s).

Using the formula,E° cell = E° red(cathode) - E° red(anode)we get,E° cell = E° red(Cu²⁺) - E° red(Zn²⁺) = 0.340 V - (-0.763 V) = +1.103 V.(B)

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1 2 3 4 5 and how the question ask

To complete the back titration of NH4F, a quantity of 50.0 mL of 0.500 M HCl is required.

The given chemical equation for the reaction between NH4F and NaOH is as follows: NH4F + NaOH → NaF + NH3 + H2OThe reaction between NH3 and HCl can be written as follows:NH3 + HCl → NH4ClTherefore, the total reaction can be written as follows:NH4F + NaOH + HCl → NaCl + NH4Cl + H2O

The amount of NaOH needed to react with NH4F is calculated as follows:

n = C × Vn = 1.00 M × 0.0250 Ln = 0.025 mol

The amount of NH3 generated is equal to the amount of NH4F that reacted, assuming that NH3 is fully driven off. The amount of HCl that reacts with NH3 can be calculated using the following equation:

n = C × Vn

= 0.025 molC

= n / VC = 0.025 mol / 0.500 MC

= 0.0500 LTherefore, 50.0 mL of 0.500 M HCl is needed for the back titration

To complete the back titration of NH4F, a quantity of 50.0 mL of 0.500 M HCl is required.

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Answer:

Option B

Explanation:

The atmospheric pressure in West Chester, Pennsylvania is lower than the pressure on any summer day in Breckenridge, Colorado

Colorado is 1.6 kilometers above sea level while Pennsylvania is 0.33 kilometers above sea level.

The higher a place is above sea level, the higher is the air pressure.

Hence, option B is correct

Answer:

please give me brainlist and follow

Explanation:

Importance of symbols and Formulae :

Symbols and formulae of substance gives a lot of information like. Types of elements present in the compound. E.g. (H20 is made of two elements hydrogen and oxygen). Number of each kind of atoms in one molecule.

Answer:

One of the most common methods used today to determine the composition of stars is spectroscopy.

Explanation:

Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation as a function of the wavelength or frequency of the radiation.

Answer:

2059.645g Cl

Explanation:

A mole of any element contains 6.022e23 molecules, so we will divide the given amount of molecules by 6.022e23.

3.5e25 / 6.022e23 = 5.81e1

5.81e1 = 58.1 mol Cl

Now that we have found the amount of moles of Chlorine, we will multiply the number of moles by the molar mass of Chlorine, which is 35.45g/mol.

35.45(58.1) = 2059.645g Cl

[tex]a) 8.9**10^-11 M; b) 2.8*10^-18 M; c) 8.9*10^-26 M[/tex] is the answer. Solubility is the maximum concentration of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature and pressure. It is represented by Ksp.

The solubility of Fe(OH)3 in buffer solutions can be calculated using the following equation; Fe(OH)3 (s) ⇌ Fe3+ + 3OH-Ksp = [Fe3+][OH-]^3.

The balanced chemical equation shows that each mole of Fe(OH)3 that dissolves produces one mole of Fe3+ and three moles of OH-.

Step 1: Calculate the concentration of OH-.a) pH = 4.50.

The pH scale is logarithmic; it is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.

To obtain the hydroxide ion concentration, we need to use the following equation;

pH + pOH

= [tex]14pOH[/tex]

= [tex]14- 4.5[/tex]

= [tex]9.50[OH-][/tex]

= [tex]1.00 * 10^-9.50[/tex]

= [tex]3.16 * 10^-10 M.[/tex]

Step 2: Calculate the solubility of Fe(OH)3.[Fe3+]

= solubility of Fe(OH)3Ksp

= [tex][Fe3+][OH-]^32.8 * 10^-39[/tex]

= [tex][Fe3+][3.16 * 10^-10 M]^3[Fe3+][/tex]

= [tex]8.94 * 10^-11 Mb) pH[/tex]

= [tex]7.00pOH[/tex]

= [tex]14 - 7.00[/tex]

= [tex]7.00[OH-][/tex]

= [tex]1.00 * 10^-7.00[/tex]

= [tex]1.00 * 10^-7 M[Fe3+][/tex]

= solubility of Fe(OH)3Ksp

= [tex][Fe3+][OH-]^32.8 * 10^-39[/tex]

= [tex][Fe3+][1.00 * 10^-7 M]^3[Fe3+][/tex]

= [tex]2.84 * 10^-18 Mc) pH 9.50pOH[/tex]

= [tex]14 - 9.50 = 4.50[OH-][/tex]

= [tex]1.00 * 10^-4.50[/tex]

= [tex]3.16 * 10^-5 M[Fe3+][/tex]

= solubility of Fe(OH)3Ksp

=[tex][Fe3+][OH-]^32.8 * 10^-39[/tex]

= [tex][Fe3+][3.16 x 10^-5 M]^3[Fe3+][/tex]

= [tex]8.94 * 10^-26 M[/tex]

Therefore, [tex]a) 8.9*10^-11 M; b) 2.8*10^-18 M; c) 8.9*10^-26 M[/tex]is the answer.

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Answer:

cell, nucleus , chromosome, DNA, gene

Answer: It would mean that there is wind originating from the east and blowing west at 25 - 30 mph

Answer: I think the answer is 3.) Krypton or Argon.

Explanation: