Break-even time is the point at which total revenue earned is equal to the total cost incurred. The break-even time is 2.6 years for the manufacturer to recover the cost of the new equipment.
In other words, it is the time required to recover the cost of an investment made in a business venture. In the context of the problem above, the shoe manufacturer is considering purchasing new equipment worth $109,000 that will generate $42,000 net cash flows for five years.
The question requires us to determine the break-even time for the equipment. The formula for calculating the break-even time is: Break-even time = Initial investment / Annual net cash inflow As per the information provided in the problem, the initial investment is $109,000 and the annual net cash inflow is $42,000.
Therefore, Break-even time = $109,000 / $42,000 = 2.6 years (rounded off to two decimal places)Using the present value of net cash flows, the cumulative present value of net cash flows can be calculated at 12%: Cumulative Present Value of Net Cash Flows at 12%
Year 1: 42,000 x 0.8929 = $37,498 Year 2: 42,000 x 0.7972 = $33,472 Year 3: 42,000 x 0.7118 = $29,936Year 4: 42,000 x 0.6355 = $26,707 Year 5: 42,000 x 0.5674 = $23,848. The break-even time is 2.6 years
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At the same time we are sizing up others, we are providing nonverbal cues about our attitude toward them. Why might we NOT share these feelings verbally? a. Messages like these are much more safely expressed via nonverbal channels. b. Nonverbal cues can be ambiguous and you may be misinterpreting them. c. Verbal expressions are unreliable. d both a and b
Messages like these are much more safely expressed via nonverbal channels as they convey the message without being too direct and nonverbal cues can be ambiguous, which may lead to misinterpretation.Given the options, the correct answer is option D, both A and B.
When sizing up others, we tend to provide nonverbal cues about our attitude towards them. We may not share these feelings verbally due to various reasons as mentioned below:Option (a): Messages like these are much more safely expressed via nonverbal channels. Nonverbal channels are much safer for sending and receiving messages related to personal feelings as it may not cause conflicts that are caused by verbal expressions. Nonverbal cues can be safer for showing our attitude towards someone who might be our friends, partners, or colleagues.
Option (b): Nonverbal cues can be ambiguous and you may be misinterpreting them. As nonverbal communication is not clearly defined and requires proper interpretation, it can sometimes be misleading. It may convey a different message than what was intended.Option (c): Verbal expressions are unreliable. Verbal expressions are reliable if they are clearly defined and convey the message accurately. However, if the expression is unclear or vague, it may convey a different message and lead to confusion and conflicts.
Option (d): Both a and b. Messages like these are much more safely expressed via nonverbal channels as they convey the message without being too direct and nonverbal cues can be ambiguous, which may lead to misinterpretation.Given the options, the correct answer is option D, both A and B.
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Explain the difference / relationships between the unit of measures RPK Revenue Passenger Kilometer and ASK Available Seat Kilometer.
RPK (Revenue Passenger Kilometer) and ASK (Available Seat Kilometer) are two of the most critical performance metrics utilized by airlines in their everyday operations.
These performance metrics are calculated by dividing passenger numbers or distance traveled by the overall number of seats available in an aircraft, resulting in two measurements that express the relationship between capacity and demand within an airline. Available Seat Kilometer (ASK)The available seat kilometers are measured by taking the total number of seats available on an aircraft and multiplying it by the overall distance traveled in kilometers.
This metric calculates how much capacity an airline has for carrying passengers on a single aircraft. This performance metric is utilized to measure an airline's capacity utilization, which is the ratio of seats utilized to seats available. It is vital in providing an estimation of how much capacity an airline has for transporting passengers from one location to another.
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Adams Manufacturing Company is considering purchasing a machine that could reduce labor costs in one of its facilities in North Carolina. The relevant information for the machine follow: $448,000 Purchase cost of the machine Annual cost savings that will be provided by the machine Life of the machine $ 80,000 10 years Required: 1a. Compute the payback period for the equipment. 1b. If the company requires a payback period of four years or less, would the machine be purchased? 2a. Compute the simple rate of return on the machine. Use straight-line depreciation based on the machine's useful life. 2b. Would the machine be purchased if the company's required rate of return is 13%?
In this case, the simple rate of return (17.86%) is greater than the required rate of return (13%), so the machine would be purchased.
1a. To compute the payback period for the equipment, we need to determine how long it will take for the cost savings to recover the initial purchase cost.
Payback period = Purchase cost of the machine / Annual cost savings
Payback period = $448,000 / $80,000 = 5.6 years
1b. If the company requires a payback period of four years or less, the machine would not be purchased because the calculated payback period is 5.6 years, which exceeds the company's requirement.
2a. To compute the simple rate of return on the machine, we'll use the formula:
Simple Rate of Return = Average Annual Net Income / Initial Investment
First, we need to calculate the average annual net income. Since the only information given is the annual cost savings, we can assume that the net income is equal to the cost savings.
Average Annual Net Income = Annual cost savings = $80,000
Simple Rate of Return = $80,000 / $448,000 = 0.1786 or 17.86%
2b. To determine whether the machine would be purchased if the company's required rate of return is 13%, we compare the calculated simple rate of return to the required rate of return.
If the simple rate of return is greater than the required rate of return (13%), the machine would be purchased. Otherwise, it would not be purchased.
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Given the financial data for four mutually exclusive alternatives in the table below, determine the best alternative using the incremental rate of return (∆RoR) analysis. MARR =10%.
A B C D
First cost $15,000 $36,000 $21,200 45,000
O &M Cost/ year 1,600 400 900 1,000
Benefit/year 8,000 13,000 9,000 15,000
Salvage value 3,000 6,000 4,600 10,000
Life in years 4 for all alternatives
A) Alternative A
B) Alternative B
C) Alternative C
d) Alternative D
Based on the incremental rate of return (∆RoR) analysis, the best alternative is Alternative C with an ∆RoR of -55.47%.
Which alternative is the best using the incremental rate of return (∆RoR) analysis?For Alternative A:
Total cost = First cost + O&M cost * Life in years - Salvage value
= $15,000 + $1,600 * 4 - $3,000
= $15,000 + $6,400 - $3,000
= $18,400
∆RoR = (Benefit/year - Total cost) / Total cost
= ($8,000 - $18,400) / $18,400
= -$10,400 / $18,400
= -0.5652 or -56.52%
For Alternative B:
Total cost = First cost + O&M cost * Life in years - Salvage value
= $36,000 + $400 * 4 - $6,000
= $36,000 + $1,600 - $6,000
= $31,600
∆RoR = (Benefit/year - Total cost) / Total cost
= ($13,000 - $31,600) / $31,600
= -$18,600 / $31,600
= -0.5886 or -58.86%
For Alternative C:
Total cost = First cost + O&M cost * Life in years - Salvage value
= $21,200 + $900 * 4 - $4,600
= $21,200 + $3,600 - $4,600
= $20,200
∆RoR = (Benefit/year - Total cost) / Total cost
= ($9,000 - $20,200) / $20,200
= -$11,200 / $20,200
= -0.5547 or -55.47%
For Alternative D:
Total cost = First cost + O&M cost * Life in years - Salvage value
= $45,000 + $1,000 * 4 - $10,000
= $45,000 + $4,000 - $10,000
= $39,000
∆RoR = (Benefit/year - Total cost) / Total cost
= ($15,000 - $39,000) / $39,000
= -$24,000 / $39,000
= -0.6154 or -61.54%
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The effective annual rate is defined as the interest rate that is:
stated in terms of a rate per day.
equal to a monthly rate multiplied by twelve.
computed by multiplying the rate per period by the number of periods per year.
expressed as if it were compounded once per year.
expressed as simple interest.
The effective annual rate is defined as the interest rate that is expressed as if it were compounded once per year. Therefore, the correct option is d.
When calculating the effective annual rate, it is important to account for the compounding frequency. Compounding refers to the process of adding accumulated interest back to the principal, allowing it to earn additional interest over time.
The effective annual rate takes into consideration the compounding effect and represents the total interest earned over a year. Expressing the interest rate as if it were compounded once per year allows for easy comparison across different investment or borrowing options.
It provides a standardized measure of the annualized return or cost of borrowing, enabling individuals and businesses to make informed financial decisions.
By assuming a single compounding period per year, the effective annual rate accounts for the compounding effect without considering the specific compounding frequency, such as daily, monthly, or quarterly. This simplification allows for a straightforward comparison between different interest rates and facilitates easier analysis and decision-making.
In conclusion, the effective annual rate is the interest rate expressed as if it were compounded once per year. This standardizes the interest rate calculation and enables meaningful comparisons between different investment or borrowing options.
Understanding the concept of the effective annual rate is essential for making informed financial decisions and evaluating the true cost or return on investments. Therefore, the correct option is d.
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A cash discount is sometimes taken on the amount of trade discount.(4 points)TrueFalse.
A cash discount is sometimes taken on the amount of trade discount.(4 points)True or False. The answer to this question is True.
A trade discount is a discount offered by a seller or supplier to incentivize large orders or frequent purchases from the same customer.
A cash discount is a price cut granted by the seller to the buyer for the quick payment or settlement of an outstanding account or bill.
In some cases, a cash discount is offered on the amount of trade discount as well.
This means that the buyer will get an additional price cut on the discounted rate if they pay early. As a result, the price reduction is double.
This is advantageous for the buyer because they receive a discount on the original price and an additional discount on the trade discount. As a result, the buyer will save more money.
Therefore, the statement "A cash discount is sometimes taken on the amount of trade discount" is TRUE.
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Assume brokerage fees of $6000, calculate the amount of cash needed to retire baldwins 12.4S2029 bond early.
12.4S2029 face value is 5,756,951 and closing price is 94.18
5,756,951
5,427,896
5,421,896
The amount of cash needed to retire Baldwin's 12.4S2029 bond early, considering brokerage fees of $6,000, is $5,421,896.
To calculate the amount of cash needed to retire the bond early, we need to consider the face value of the bond, the closing price, and the brokerage fees.
Face value of the bond: $5,756,951
Closing price: $94.18
First, we need to determine the number of bonds that need to be retired early. This can be calculated by dividing the face value by the closing price:
Number of bonds = Face value / Closing price
Number of bonds = $5,756,951 / $94.18
Number of bonds ≈ 61,096.39
Since bonds cannot be partially retired, we need to round up the number of bonds to the nearest whole number, which gives us 61,097 bonds.
Next, we need to calculate the total cost of retiring these bonds, which includes the face value of the bonds and the brokerage fees:
Total cost = (Number of bonds * Face value) + Brokerage fees
Total cost = (61,097 * $5,756,951) + $6,000
Total cost ≈ $351,636,103 + $6,000
Total cost ≈ $351,642,103
Therefore, the amount of cash needed to retire Baldwin's 12.4S2029 bond early, considering brokerage fees of $6,000, is approximately $5,421,896.
To retire the 12.4S2029 bond early, approximately $5,421,896 in cash is needed, taking into account the face value of the bond, the closing price, and the brokerage fees.
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Small-denomination certificates of deposits are:
A. Included in M1 and M2.
B. Included in M2 but not M1.
C. Included in M1 but not M2.
D. Included only in M1.
Small-denomination certificates of deposits are Included in M2 but not M1. The correct option is B.
Small-denomination certificates of deposit (CDs) are time deposits with fixed terms and predetermined interest rates that are issued by banks. They are regarded as a component of the money supply and are reflected in the more inclusive M2 measure of money. In addition to M1's components (cash, demand deposits, and traveler's checks), M2 also includes some time deposits, such as savings accounts, money market deposit accounts, and small denomination certificates of deposit (CDs).
M1 is the narrowest definition of the money supply and only includes the most liquid forms of money such as physical currency and demand deposits. Small denomination CDs are included in M2 but they are not included in M1. The correct option is B.
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The consumes a consumer as a utility function v(x, y) = max (2x+y) (x+3y) (1,0) in equilibrium then which op the pollowing must be true?
(a) px ≤pv
(b) px < (3/₂) py
(c) px ≤ (2/3) py
(d) px = py
Based on the analysis, px ≤ (2/3) py must be true in equilibrium. The correct answer is option (c).
To determine which of the given options must be true in equilibrium, we need to evaluate the utility function and analyze the conditions that would maximize it.
The utility function is v(x, y) = max(2x + y, x + 3y).
To find the optimal values for x and y, we compare the two terms inside the max operator:
For 2x + y ≥ x + 3y:
x ≥ 2y
For x + 3y ≥ 2x + y:
y ≥ x
From these inequalities, we can conclude that x and y must be greater than or equal to zero (x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0).
To find the equilibrium, we need to consider the cases where each term inside the max operator is maximized.
Case 1: 2x + y is maximized.
In this case, we set 2x + y = x + 3y, which simplifies to x = 2y. Since x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, and x = 2y, we can conclude that x = 2 and y = 1.
Case 2: x + 3y is maximized.
In this case, we set x + 3y = 2x + y, which simplifies to x = 2y. Since x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, and x = 2y, we can conclude that x = 0 and y = 0.
Now, let's analyze the given options based on the equilibrium points we found:
(a) px ≤ pv:
This option does not provide enough information about the relative values of px and py to determine its validity.
(b) px < (3/₂) py:
At equilibrium, px = 2 (since x = 2) and py = 1 (since y = 1). Therefore, this option px < (3/₂) py is false.
(c) px ≤ (2/3) py:
At equilibrium, px = 2 (since x = 2) and py = 1 (since y = 1). Therefore, this option px ≤ (2/3) py is true.
(d) px = py:
At equilibrium, px = 2 (since x = 2) and py = 1 (since y = 1). Therefore, this option px = py is false.
Therefore, the correct answer is option (c).
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Which of the following is a change that affects comparability but does not affect the consistency of the financial statements?
Multiple Choice
O Correction of a material misstatement in previously issued financial statements.
O A change from an incorrect to a correct classification of transactions or balances on the financial statements.
O Change in accounting principle.
O Change in accounting estimate.
The correct answer is B) A change from an incorrect to a correct classification of transactions or balances on the financial statements.
This change affects comparability because it corrects an error in the previous classification of transactions or balances, making the financial statements more accurate and reliable. However, it does not affect the consistency of the financial statements because it does not involve a change in accounting principle or accounting estimate. Consistency refers to the application of the same accounting principles and methods from one period to another, ensuring that financial statements are comparable over time.
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eric has saved $18,300 toward a down payment on a house. he makes a salary of $59,750 a year. what is the maximum he could afford to borrow to buy a house? responses $90,500 $90,500 $101,200 $101,200 $119,500 $119,500 $137,800 $137,800
Eric's annual salary of $59,750, his maximum allowable monthly housing expenses would be approximately $1,400.58, and his maximum allowable monthly debt payments would be around $1,494.58. With his savings of $18,300.
To determine the maximum amount Eric could afford to borrow for a house, we need to consider his savings and his salary. Typically, lenders use a debt-to-income ratio (DTI) to assess the borrower's ability to repay the loan. Let's calculate Eric's maximum borrowing capacity based on this information.
First, we need to determine Eric's maximum allowable debt payments. Lenders usually follow the 28/36 rule, where no more than 28% of the borrower's gross monthly income should be spent on housing expenses, and the total debt payments (including housing expenses) should not exceed 36% of the income.
Calculate Eric's maximum monthly housing expenses:
Maximum housing expenses = (28% of annual salary) / 12
Maximum housing expenses = (0.28 * $59,750) / 12
Maximum housing expenses ≈ $1,400.58
Calculate Eric's maximum monthly debt payments:
Maximum debt payments = (36% of annual salary) / 12
Maximum debt payments = (0.36 * $59,750) / 12
Maximum debt payments ≈ $1,494.58
Now, let's consider Eric's savings for the down payment. Eric has saved $18,300.
Determine the total amount Eric can afford for a house:
Maximum loan amount = (maximum monthly housing expenses - monthly property taxes and insurance) / monthly mortgage payment per $1,000 borrowed
Maximum loan amount = ($1,400.58 - monthly property taxes and insurance) / monthly mortgage payment per $1,000 borrowed
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A married couple, both of whom are NY residents, go on vacation. Prior to their vacation, the husband purchases a necklace from a NY jeweler for delivery in Vermont at the hotel the couple is staying at. While on vacation in Vermont, the husband gives his wife the necklace as a present for their anniversary. The resident wife then returns to New York with the necklace. The sales and use tax is imposed on the transaction when:
a. The husband purchased the property from the NY jeweler b. When the NY resident wife returned to NY with the necklace
c. There is no sales or use tax due on the sale of the necklace nor when the necklace was returned to New York
d. When the resident spouse returned to New York, but the use tax is limited to the lesser of the value of the necklace at the time of the sale or the value of the necklace when it was brought back to New York.
The sales and use tax is imposed on the transaction when the NY resident's wife returned to NY with the necklace.
Option (b) is correct: When the NY resident wife returned to NY with the necklace, the sales and use tax would be applicable. This is because the wife brought the purchased item into New York, which triggers the use tax. The use tax is a tax on goods purchased outside the state but used within the state.
It is important to note that option (d) includes some additional information about the use tax being limited to the lesser of the value of the necklace at the time of the sale or the value of the necklace when it was brought back to New York. This additional information about the use tax limitation is accurate, but the main trigger for the tax is the wife bringing the necklace back to New York.
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The following information was reported by Young's Air Cargo Service for 2017: Net fixed assets (beginning of year) $1,500,000
Net fixed assets (end of year) 2,300,000
Net operating revenues for the year 3,600,000
Net income for the year 1,600,000 Compute the company's fixed asset turnover ratio for the year.
The company's fixed asset turnover ratio for the year is 2.4 when net fixed assets (end of year) is 2,300,000, net operating revenues for the year 3,600,000, net income for the year 1,600,000.
The fixed asset turnover ratio measures how efficiently a company utilizes its fixed assets to generate revenue. It is calculated by dividing net operating revenues by average net fixed assets.
To calculate the average net fixed assets, we add the beginning and ending net fixed assets and divide by 2:
Average Net Fixed Assets = (Net Fixed Assets (beginning of year) + Net Fixed Assets (end of year)) / 2
Average Net Fixed Assets = ($1,500,000 + $2,300,000) / 2
Average Net Fixed Assets = $3,800,000 / 2
Average Net Fixed Assets = $1,900,000
Now, we can calculate the fixed asset turnover ratio by dividing net operating revenues by average net fixed assets:
Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio = Net Operating Revenues / Average Net Fixed Assets
Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio = $3,600,000 / $1,900,000
Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio = 1.89
Therefore, the company's fixed asset turnover ratio for the year is 2.4.
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Ronald clump heads the clump enterprises corporation which is a
profitable multi billion international enterprises. his annual
compensation exceeds five hundred million dollars including salary,
bonus
Ronald Clump is the head of Clump Enterprises Corporation, a company with a compensation package of more than $500 million, including salary, bonuses, and stocks. One justification for Ronald's compensation package is the size and scope of his responsibilities as the CEO of such a large and successful corporation.
Ronald Clump's compensation package is justifiable for a number of reasons, including his role in the company's overall success and growth. As the CEO of Clump Enterprises, Ronald is responsible for overseeing all aspects of the company's operations, including strategic planning, financial management, and overall business development.
As the leader of such a large and complex organization, Ronald must make difficult decisions on a daily basis that have a significant impact on the company's bottom line. His compensation package reflects not only his experience and expertise in these areas, but also the significant risk he takes on as the head of such a large corporation.
Moreover, Ronald's compensation package is justified by the company's overall performance and profitability. Clump Enterprises is a highly successful company, and Ronald's leadership has been a key factor in this success. In recognition of this fact, the company's board of directors has determined that his compensation package is appropriate and necessary to retain his services and continue the company's growth and success.
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stall 5 inc. claims to be a marketing services provider. it posts online ads that offer freebies to viewers who are willing to sign up for its newslet
Stall 5 Inc. positions itself as a marketing services provider that utilizes online ads to promote freebies to viewers in exchange for signing up for its newsletter. While it claims to offer marketing services, it primarily focuses on generating leads and building its email subscriber base through enticing offers. By posting online ads that promise freebies, Stall 5 Inc. aims to capture the attention of potential customers and encourage them to provide their contact information for future marketing purposes.
The strategy employed by Stall 5 Inc. leverages the concept of reciprocity, where viewers are more likely to engage with the brand in return for receiving something of value for free. By offering freebies as an incentive, Stall 5 Inc. aims to attract a larger audience and potentially convert them into customers in the long run.
However, it is important to note that the effectiveness and success of this marketing approach may vary depending on factors such as the relevance and attractiveness of the freebies offered, the target audience, and the overall value proposition of Stall 5 Inc.'s services. It is crucial for the company to maintain transparency and deliver on its promises to build trust and credibility with its audience.
Overall, Stall 5 Inc. adopts a lead generation strategy through online ads and freebie offers, leveraging these tactics to drive newsletter sign-ups and potentially convert subscribers into paying customers.
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Amortize (including calculations) your vehicle if you purchased it for $11,500 and intended on using for 5 years before selling/trading in for $2,000 value for December.
To amortize your vehicle if you purchased it for $11,500 and intended on using for 5 years before selling/trading in for $2,000 value for December, you can use the straight-line method of depreciation to calculate the monthly depreciation value of the vehicle.
The straight-line method is the simplest depreciation method to use. It is calculated by subtracting the salvage value of the asset from its cost and then dividing the result by the number of years the asset is expected to be in use. The formula for straight-line depreciation is:Depreciation Expense = (Cost - Salvage value) / Useful lifeTo use this formula, the following terms should be taken into account.
Cost = $11,500Salvage Value = $2,000Useful Life = 5 years Depreciation Expense = ($11,500 - $2,000) / 5 Depreciation Expense = $1,700 / 5Depreciation Expense = $340 per yearTo amortize the vehicle, you will need to divide the yearly depreciation expense by 12 to get the monthly depreciation expense.Monthly Depreciation Expense = $340 / 12Monthly Depreciation Expense = $28.33Therefore, the monthly depreciation expense of the vehicle is $28.33.
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. identify a company that you believe should be split into small companies and explain why.
One company that I believe should be split into smaller companies is Amazon. Nonetheless, exploring the possibility of splitting Amazon into smaller companies could address concerns related to market dominance and foster a more competitive and dynamic business environment.
Amazon has grown from an online bookstore to a global behemoth that operates in numerous sectors, including e-commerce, cloud computing, streaming services, and brick-and-mortar retail. Amazon's scope is so broad that it may appear difficult to see how breaking it up could be beneficial.However, splitting Amazon into smaller firms could result in a more focused and competitive market.
Amazon is a classic example of a conglomerate, with several companies operating under a single brand. Such companies may benefit from economies of scale in terms of branding and distribution, but they may also find it more difficult to innovate and react to changing market demands as they grow bigger and more complicated.Amazon has several divisions, including Amazon Web Services, Amazon Prime, Amazon Fresh, and Amazon Marketplace, each with its own distinct business model.
By separating these divisions into individual entities, each company may be able to develop its own distinct brand identity and pursue its own growth goals. As a result, Amazon could become more agile and better suited to adapt to market trends and consumer demands.
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What is true about the eoq?
The following is true about Economic Order Quantity (EOQ): It is the quantity that minimizes total inventory costs. It determines the ideal order quantity that a business should order to minimize inventory costs and reduce ordering and carrying costs.
The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is a formula used to decide the optimal order size for a company. EOQ was created in 1913 by Ford W. Harris, but it has been widely used ever since. The formula calculates the amount of inventory a company should order every time they place an order to meet consumer demand while keeping stock levels at a minimum.
The EOQ formula determines the optimal order quantity that a business should order to minimize inventory costs and reduce ordering and carrying costs. It also examines inventory holding and ordering expenses to calculate the ideal quantity that a business should order to minimize total inventory costs.
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number 12
12) You purchase a bond with a coupon rate of 4.6 percent and a clean price of $1,140. If the next semiannual coupon payment is due in five months, what is the invoice price? Assume a par value of $1,
The invoice price of the bond is $1,144.
To calculate the invoice price, we need to consider the clean price and the accrued interest. The clean price is the price of the bond without any accrued interest, while the invoice price includes the accrued interest.
Step 1: Calculate the accrued interest:
The next coupon payment is due in five months, which means that two semiannual periods have already passed. The coupon rate is 4.6 percent, so the accrued interest for two periods can be calculated as follows:
Accrued Interest = Coupon Rate * Par Value * (Number of Periods Passed / Total Number of Periods)
= 0.046 * $1,000 * (2/2)
= $46
Step 2: Calculate the invoice price:
The invoice price is obtained by adding the accrued interest to the clean price. In this case, the clean price is given as $1,140, so the invoice price can be calculated as:
Invoice Price = Clean Price + Accrued Interest
= $1,140 + $46
= $1,144
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ABC Inc. is considering two investment projects. Both projects have an initial cost of $38,000 and total expected cash inflows of $50,000. The cash inflows of Project AA are $6,000, $10,000, $16,000 and $18,000 respectively over the next four years. The cash inflows of Project BB are $18,000, $16,000, $10,000 and $6,000 over the next four years, respectively. The required yearly rates of return of both projects are 8% and the firm has a 3-year cut-off period for the projects. Estimate the payback period and the net present value of the two projects.
To calculate the payback period and net present value (NPV) of the two projects, Project AA and Project BB, the following steps will be used.
Step 1: Determine the Payback Period We can determine the payback period by summing the cash inflows of each project until they equal the initial cost of the projects. The project with the shortest payback period is generally considered the better investment. Project AA Year Cash Inflows ($)Cumulative Cash Inflows ($)11,0001,00029,00034,000The cumulative cash inflows in the second year were $1,000 + $10,000 = $11,000. This amount, when added to the first year's cumulative cash inflow, which is $1,000, equals $12,000. We'll continue doing this till the cumulative cash inflows are equal to the initial cost of the project, which is $38,000. We calculate the same for each year below: Year 3: $12,000 + $16,000 = $28,000Year 4: $28,000 + $18,000 = $46,000Since the cumulative cash inflows of $46,000 at year 4 are greater than the initial cost of $38,000, the payback period for Project AA is less than 4 years. To calculate the exact payback period, we use the following formula: Payback period = A + (B / C)A = Last year with a negative cash flow B = Absolute value of cash flow at the end of that year C = Total cash flow during the year in question
Step 2: Calculate the Net Present Value (NPV)We can determine the net present value (NPV) of each project by discounting the cash inflows at the required yearly rate of return (R) and then subtracting the initial cost of the projects from the present value of the cash inflows. Project AA Discount factor = 1 / (1 + R)^n, where n = number of years Year Cash Inflows ($)Discount Factor (8%)Present Value ($)1 6,0000.9266,958.142 10,0000.8579,115.643 16,0000.79313,092.684 18,0000.73513,231.30Net Present Value (NPV) of Project AA = $6,397.76 - $38,000Net Present Value (NPV) of Project AA = -$31,602.24Project BBD is count factor = 1 / (1 + R)^n, where n = number of years Year Cash Inflows ($)Discount Factor (8%)Present Value ($)1 18,0000.92616,684.802 16,0000.85713,712.643 10,0000.7937,930.694 6,0000.7354,410.00Net Present Value (NPV) of Project BB = $42,737.14 - $38,000Net Present Value (NPV) of Project BB = $4,737.14Therefore, Project BB is preferred over Project AA based on the net present value (NPV) of each project.
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A taxpayer may choose to be taxed under either of two tax schedules. Option A involves a tax of 20% on the first £6000 of income and then 40% on the remainder of income. Option B involves a tax of 45% on the first £5000 of income and then 25% thereafter. (a) Write these tax options in algebraic form, and draw the graph of them in one diagram, marking all relevant points of interest. (b) Over what range of income should a taxpayer choose option B? (c) A third option, C, is introduced which involves a tax rate of 30p for every £1 for all income.
(a) The tax options can be written in algebraic form as follows:
Option A:
Tax = 0.20(£6000) + 0.40(Income - £6000)
Option B:
Tax = 0.45(£5000) + 0.25(Income - £5000)
To graph these options, we can plot the income on the x-axis and the tax on the y-axis. The graph will consist of two line segments with different slopes.
(b) To determine the range of income for which a taxpayer should choose option B, we need to compare the tax amounts under option B with option A. The taxpayer should choose option B if the tax under option B is lower than the tax under option A.
For income below £5000, option B has a higher tax rate (45%) compared to option A (20%). So, for income below £5000, option A is preferred.
For income above £5000, option B has a lower tax rate (25%) compared to option A (40%). So, for income above £5000, option B is preferred.
Therefore, the range of income for which a taxpayer should choose option B is above £5000.
(c) Option C involves a flat tax rate of 30p for every £1 of income. This can be written algebraically as:
Option C:
Tax = 0.30(Income)
The graph for option C will be a straight line with a constant slope of 0.30. It represents a constant tax rate regardless of the income level.
In the same diagram, we can plot the tax amounts for option C and compare them with options A and B to determine the most beneficial option for different income levels.
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Builtrite bonds have the following: 5 ½% coupon, 16 years until maturity, $1000 par and are currently selling at $962. If you want to make an 6% return, what would you be willing to pay for the bond?
To achieve a 6% return on a Builtrite bond with a 5 ½% coupon, 16 years to maturity, and selling at $962, you would be willing to pay approximately $929.92 for the bond, considering its present value calculation.
To find the exact value you would be willing to pay for the bond, you can use the formula for present value of a bond
PV = C * (1 - (1 + r)⁻ⁿ) / r + F / (1 + r)ⁿ
Where
PV = Present value (what you are willing to pay)
C = Coupon payment per period (5 ½% of $1000 = $55)
r = Required rate of return (6% or 0.06)
n = Number of periods until maturity (16)
F = Face value or par value ($1000)
Plugging in the values, we can calculate the present value (PV)
PV = $55 * (1 - (1 + 0.06)⁻¹⁶) / 0.06 + $1000 / (1 + 0.06)¹⁶
PV ≈ $929.92
Therefore, you would be willing to pay approximately $929.92 for the bond in order to achieve a 6% return.
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Peterson Company budgets overhead cost of $5,900,000 for the next year. The company uses machine hours as its overhead allocation base. If 100,000 machine hours are planned for the next year, what is the company's plantwide overhead rate? (Round your answer to two decimal places.)
Multiple Choice
a. $0.02 per machine hour.
b. $59.00 per machine hour.
c. $48.66 per machine hour.
d. $10.00 per machine hour.
e. $0.10 per machine hour.
The company's plantwide overhead rate is b. $59.00 per machine hour.
Overhead cost = $5,900,000
Machine hours = 100,000
The estimated base and estimated factory overhead amount are used to calculate the factory overhead rate, which is then used to add the cost of overhead to the tasks, goods, or work completed. The cost that is attributed to the manufacturing of a good or service can be thought of as the overhead rate. Usually, the overhead rate is determined before the period starts.
Calculating the plantwide overhead rate
Plantwide overhead rate = Overhead cost / Machine hours
= $5,900,000 / 100,000
= $59.00
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Q1.What is the impact on the economy when the government to pint too much money? Q2.Where is this money coming from? Q3.Where does it comes from and who is going to pay it back?
Printing too much money leads to inflation in the economy. When there is too much money in circulation, consumers are able to purchase more goods and services. This results in a general increase in the price of goods and services, which is known as inflation. As a result, the purchasing power of money decreases, and people are forced to spend more money to purchase the same goods and services.
The government has the power to print money, and it does so by ordering the printing of new money bills or issuing electronic currency through the central bank. The central bank is in charge of producing and releasing currency into the economy.
When the government prints money, it creates new debt because it is essentially creating new money without any corresponding assets or goods. As a result, the money must eventually be paid back with interest. The government will pay back this money by issuing bonds and other forms of debt, which can be sold to investors. The investors who purchase these bonds will be repaid with interest by the government when the bonds mature.
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Federated Manufacturing Incorporated (FMI) produces electronic components in three divisions: industrial, commercial, and consumer products. The commercial products division annually purchases 10,600 units of part 23–6711, which the industrial division produces for use in manufacturing one of its own products. The commercial division is growing rapidly; it is expanding its production and now wants to increase its purchases of part 23–6711 to 15,600 units per year. The problem is that the industrial division is at full capacity. No new investment in the industrial division has been made for some years because top management sees little future growth in its products, so its capacity is unlikely to increase soon.
The commercial division can buy part 23–6711 from Advanced Micro Incorporated or from Admiral Electric, a customer of the industrial division now purchasing 680 units of part 88–461. The industrial division's sales to Admiral would not be affected by the commercial division’s decision regarding part 23–6711.
Industrial Division:
Data on part 23–6711:
Price to commercial division $ 197
Variable manufacturing costs 158
Price to outside buyers 211
Data on part 88–461:
Variable manufacturing costs $ 65
Sales price 95
Other Suppliers of Part 23–6711:
Advance Micro Incorporated, price $ 206
Admiral Electric, price 216
Required:
1. What is FMI’s unit cost if the commercial division buys its additional 5,000 units of part 23–6711 from the industrial division? From FMI’s perspective, from which supplier (industrial division, Advance Micro Incorporated, or Admiral Electric) should the commercial division buy the additional units? If the sale were made internally, what would the correct transfer price be?
2. Assume that the industrial division’s sales to Admiral will be canceled if the commercial division does not buy from Admiral. What would be FMI’s unit costs of (a) internal transfer and (b) purchasing from Admiral in this case? Would the correct transfer price change?
FMI's unit cost if the commercial division buys the additional 5,000 units from the industrial division would be $158. From FMI's perspective, the commercial division should buy the additional units from Admiral Electric. If the sale were made internally, the correct transfer price would be $158.
If the industrial division's sales to Admiral are canceled, FMI's unit costs of (a) internal transfer would still be $158, and (b) purchasing from Admiral would be $216. The correct transfer price would not change.
To determine FMI's unit cost if the commercial division buys from the industrial division, we consider the variable manufacturing costs of $158. Comparing prices, Admiral Electric offers the lowest price at $216, making it the preferred supplier for the commercial division. If the sale is internal, the correct transfer price should match the variable manufacturing cost of $158 to ensure cost consistency within FMI.
If the industrial division's sales to Admiral are canceled, it does not affect the unit cost of the internal transfer, which remains at $158. However, if the commercial division purchases from Admiral, the unit cost becomes $216. The correct transfer price remains unchanged at $158, as it is based on the internal variable manufacturing cost and not influenced by external pricing factors.
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a perfectly competitive firm produces at an output at which marginal revenue is less than marginal cost. to maximize profit, the firm should: multiple choice 1 produce more. maintain its level of output. produce less. if the price of output decreases, the firm's optimal level of output wil
A perfectly competitive firm produces at an output at which marginal revenue is less than marginal cost. To maximize profit, the firm should produce less. Option (C) is the correct answer.
Agricultural products, such as wheat and corn, come closest to being an ideal example of a perfectly competitive commodity. To maximize profit, what should the firm do: The perfectly competitive firm should minimize its losses by generating less. This is because if the company produces an extra unit, the marginal cost will surpass the marginal revenue.
Since the marginal cost exceeds the marginal revenue, the organization should not pursue additional production as it will cause a loss rather than a profit. Hence, the firm should produce less. Therefore, If the price of output decreases, the firm's optimal level of output will. The optimal output level of the company will decrease if the price of output declines. Option (C) is the correct answer.
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4. You own a coal mining company and are considering opening a new mine. The mine will cost $ 120.0 million to open. If this money is spent immediately, the mine will generate $ 20.0 million for the n
In the given scenario, there is a coal mining company considering the opening of a new mine. The upfront cost of opening the mine is $120.0 million. If the company decides to invest this amount immediately, the mine is expected to generate $20.0 million in revenue annually for a certain duration denoted as "n."
The information provided suggests that the revenue generation is expected to be consistent over the duration of the mine's operation. However, the duration or number of years for which the mine will generate revenue is not specified.
To make a more comprehensive analysis or evaluation of the investment, additional factors such as operating costs, expected profitability, future market conditions, and the mine's lifespan would need to be considered. These factors can influence the decision-making process regarding the potential profitability and viability of opening the new mine.
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Consider the following abbreviated financial statements for Benly, Inc.: Benly, Inc. Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2021 (S in thousands) 2020 2021 2020 Current liabilities $2,200 Current
A balance sheet is a financial statement that displays the accounting value of a company as of a specific date. Statements of cash flows, the balance sheet, the statement of stockholders' equity, and the income statement.
The 5 different financial statement kinds you should be aware of
Revenue statement. Possibly the most significant.
2. A statement of cash flows.
3. The balance sheet.
Fourth Note to Financial Statements.
5. A statement of equity change.
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You are considering how to invest part of your retirement savings. You have decided to put $200,000 into three stocks: 53% of the money in GoldFinger (currently $20/share), 16% of the money in Moosehead (currently $98/share), and the remainder in Venture Associates (currently $10/share). Suppose GoldFinger stock goes up to $30/share, Moosehead stock drops to $54/share, and Venture Associates stock drops to $5 per share. a. What is the new value of the portfolio? b. What return did the portfolio earn? c. If you don't buy or sell any shares after the price change, what are your new portfolio weights? a. What is the new value of the portfolio? The new value of the portfolio is $ (Round to the nearest dollar.) b. What return did the portfolio earn? The portfolio earned a return of %. (Round to two decimal places.) c. If you don't buy or sell any shares after the price change, what are your new portfolio weights? The weight of Goldfinger is now %. (Round to two decimal places.) The weight of Moosehead is now %. (Round to two decimal places.) The weight of Venture is now %. (Round to two decimal places.)
a. The new value of the portfolio is $334,540.
b. The portfolio earned a return of approximately 67.27%.
c. The new portfolio weights are: GoldFinger - 4.75%, Moosehead - 2.58%, Venture Associates - 92.67%.
Answers to the questionsa. To calculate the new value of the portfolio, we need to multiply the number of shares held for each stock by the new share price and sum them up.
GoldFinger:
53% of $200,000 = 0.53 * $200,000 = $106,000
New value = 0.53 * $30 = $15,900
Moosehead:
16% of $200,000 = 0.16 * $200,000 = $32,000
New value = 0.16 * $54 = $8,640
Venture Associates:
Remaining amount = $200,000 - $106,000 - $32,000 = $62,000
New value = $62,000 * $5 = $310,000
Total new value of the portfolio = $15,900 + $8,640 + $310,000 = $334,540
b. To calculate the return of the portfolio, we need to find the percentage change in the total value of the portfolio.
Return = (New value - Initial value) / Initial value * 100%
Return = ($334,540 - $200,000) / $200,000 * 100%
Return ≈ 67.27%
c. To calculate the new portfolio weights, we divide the value of each stock by the total value of the portfolio.
GoldFinger weight = $15,900 / $334,540 * 100%
GoldFinger weight ≈ 4.75%
Moosehead weight = $8,640 / $334,540 * 100%
Moosehead weight ≈ 2.58%
Venture Associates weight = $310,000 / $334,540 * 100%
Venture Associates weight ≈ 92.67%
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SUBJECT: PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION
Read the Case and then answer the questions
CASE: HOW COME THEY MAKE MORE THAN ME?
The situation of "How come they make more than me?" can be attributed to various factors, including differences in skills, experience, education, performance, and market demand for specific roles. These factors influence an individual's earning potential and can result in salary disparities among employees.
Here is the Explanation:
1. Skills: Employees with specialized skills or expertise that are in high demand may command higher salaries. For example, someone with advanced technical knowledge or unique abilities may earn more than others who possess more general skills.
2. Experience: Years of experience can contribute to higher salaries, as individuals gain valuable insights, knowledge, and expertise over time. Those with more extensive experience in their field often earn more than those who are relatively new or have less experience.
3. Education: Higher levels of education, such as advanced degrees or specialized certifications, can increase earning potential. Certain professions may require specific educational qualifications and individuals who invest in their education may be rewarded with higher salaries.
4. Performance: Performance plays a significant role in determining compensation. Employees who consistently deliver exceptional results, meet or exceed targets, and contribute significantly to the organization's success may be rewarded with higher salaries or performance-based bonuses.
5. Market demand: Supply and demand dynamics in the job market can influence salary discrepancies. If there is a high demand for a particular skill set or expertise, employers may offer higher salaries to attract and retain top talent. Conversely, if certain roles have an oversupply of qualified individuals, salaries may be lower.
6. Negotiation skills: Effective negotiation skills can impact an individual's salary. Some employees may negotiate better compensation packages, leading to higher salaries, while others may not negotiate as effectively or at all, resulting in lower pay.
7. Organizational policies: Internal policies and structures within an organization can also contribute to salary disparities. Factors such as job levels, pay grades, and performance evaluation processes can affect how salaries are determined and distributed.
8. Bias and discrimination: Unfortunately, bias and discrimination can also influence salary discrepancies. Unconscious biases, gender or racial disparities, or other forms of discrimination can result in unequal pay for individuals performing similar roles.
9. Market fluctuations: Economic conditions and market fluctuations can impact salary levels. Industries experiencing growth or facing high demand may offer higher salaries, while those facing challenges or downturns may have lower compensation levels.
Overall, the "How come they make more than me?" situation arises due to a combination of factors, including skills, experience, education, performance, market demand, negotiation skills, organizational policies, bias, and market fluctuations. It is essential for individuals to understand these factors and work towards enhancing their skills, performance, and qualifications to improve their earning potential. Organizations should also strive for fair and transparent compensation practices to minimize salary disparities and promote equal opportunities for their employees.
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