In conclusion, price and quantity instruments are both effective tools for coordinating economic activities. The efficiency of each tool, however, depends on the market conditions, especially the nature of information asymmetry. In perfectly competitive markets with perfect information, the price mechanism is considered the most efficient tool for coordinating economic activities. On the other hand, when there is information asymmetry, quantity instruments are considered to be more effective in reducing market failures.
Price and quantity instruments are tools that policymakers utilize to correct market failures and coordinate economic activities. These devices influence the cost, supply, and demand of goods and services. The performance of the two instruments depends on the nature of information asymmetry in the market, which can be perfect or imperfect. In this question, we will compare the efficacy of price and quantity instruments under both conditions. Perfect information arises when consumers and suppliers possess the same knowledge about the goods and services being traded. In contrast, imperfect information arises when there is a disparity in the amount of information held by consumers and suppliers. Perfect Information In a perfectly competitive market with perfect information, the price mechanism is considered the most efficient tool for coordinating economic activities.
The graph below shows a demand and supply curve that intersects at the market equilibrium point, where the quantity of goods demanded equals the quantity of goods supplied. the graph above, the equilibrium price is P1, and the equilibrium quantity is Q1. The price mechanism uses the invisible hand concept, where individual actions in the market lead to the socially optimal outcome. Any change in market conditions, such as an increase in demand, results in a shift in the demand curve, and the equilibrium price and quantity adjust accordingly. Imperfect Information In markets where there is information asymmetry, both price and quantity instruments can be effective tools for correcting market failures. However, they perform differently depending on the market characteristics. When there is imperfect information, quantity instruments are considered to be more effective because they create a cap on externalities and reduce the potential for adverse selection and moral hazard.
In the graph above, the market equilibrium occurs at point E, where the price is P1, and the quantity is Q1. At this point, the market is experiencing an inefficient allocation of resources because the quantity demanded (QD) is greater than the quantity supplied (QS). This excess demand is known as a market failure. A quantity instrument such as a quota, price floor or ceiling, can be used to correct this market failure by limiting the amount of goods and services that can be traded in the market. This leads to an increase in the price, which reduces demand and increases supply until the market reaches a new equilibrium.
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What factors are key in achieving entrepreneurial success? The world is changing, are there new talents and skills, not evident in the readings or videos that may now play a role for up-and-coming entrepreneurs? Is entrepreneurship changing, if so, how?
Factors key in achieving entrepreneurial success: Vision, innovation, persistence, networking, adaptability.
The world is changing, and new talents and skills are emerging for up-and-coming entrepreneurs, such as digital literacy, data analysis, agility, resilience, sustainability, and social impact.
Entrepreneurship is changing due to technology disruption, remote work, globalization, the rise of the sharing economy, social entrepreneurship, and increased ecosystem support for startups.
Key factors in achieving entrepreneurial success include vision, innovation, persistence, adaptability, and networking. Entrepreneurs with a clear vision of their goals and the ability to innovate and differentiate themselves in the market have a higher chance of success.
Persistence is crucial in the face of challenges and setbacks, while adaptability enables entrepreneurs to navigate the changing business landscape.
The changing world has brought about new talents and skills that are important for up-and-coming entrepreneurs. Digital literacy has become essential, with proficiency in utilizing digital tools, platforms, and technologies. Data analysis skills are valuable for making informed business decisions.
Agility and resilience are necessary to adapt to rapid changes and bounce back from setbacks. Sustainability and social impact have gained prominence, with an increasing focus on environmentally and socially responsible business practices.
Entrepreneurship is indeed changing. Technology disruption has opened up new business opportunities and transformed industries. The rise of remote work and globalization has expanded the reach of entrepreneurs.
Collaborative economy models and platforms have reshaped traditional business models. There is also a growing emphasis on social entrepreneurship and addressing societal challenges alongside profitability. Increased support through startup incubators, accelerators, and funding options has created a more vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Overall, entrepreneurs must embrace digitalization, prioritize sustainability, leverage collaborative networks, and adapt to the evolving entrepreneurial landscape.
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XYZ Co has 1500 units of bonds outstanding. Each unit has $100 face value. 8% coupon rate with semi annual payments, and 15 years to maturity. The risk free rate is 3%, default risk premium for its bond is 2%, maturity risk premium for 15 year maturity is 1.5%, XYZ has a tax rate of 20%.
1. a. Determine the required rate of return for its bonds, b. the amount of tax savings, c. the after tax cost of debt.
2. Determine a. value per unit of bond, B. determine total market value of all bonds outstanding.
3. If risk free rate goes up from 3% to 4% due to inflation, a. what is the new value of each unit of bond? b. what is the rate of change in the value of bond? c. what is the duration of the bond?
1. The required rate of return for the bonds The required rate of return is calculated by adding all the premiums together:
RRR = Risk-Free Rate + Default Risk Premium + Maturity Risk Premium= 3% + 2% + 1.5% = 6.5%
After-tax cost of debt The after-tax cost of debt is calculated using the following formula:
ATCOD = RRR × (1 - t)= 6.5% × (1 - 0.2)= 5.2%Tax Savings per Bond
The tax savings per bond is calculated using the following formula:Tax Savings = Coupon Rate × Tax Rate × Face Value / 2= 8% × 20% × $100 / 2= $8
Total Tax SavingsTotal Tax Savings = Tax Savings per Bond × Number of Bonds= $8 × 1500= $12,0002.
Value per unit of bond and Total market value of all bonds outstanding Value per unit of bondThe value per unit of bond is calculated using the following formula:
Value per Unit = (Coupon Payment / 2) × (1 - (1 / (1 + r) ^ n)) + (Face Value / (1 + r) ^ n)= (4% × $100) × (1 - (1 / (1 + 6.5%) ^ 30)) + ($100 / (1 + 6.5%) ^ 30)= $31.16 Total Market Value
The total market value of all bonds outstanding is calculated using the following formula:
Total Market Value = Value per Unit × Number of Units= $31.16 × 1500= $46,7403.
New value of each unit of bond, rate of change in the value of bond, and duration of the bond New Value of Each Unit of Bond
The new value of each unit of bond is calculated using the following formula:
New Value per Unit = (Coupon Payment / 2) × (1 - (1 / (1 + r) ^ n)) + (Face Value / (1 + r) ^ n)= (4% × $100) × (1 - (1 / (1 + 7.5%) ^ 30)) + ($100 / (1 + 7.5%) ^ 30)= $28.64 Rate of Change in the Value of Bond
The rate of change in the value of the bond is calculated using the following formula:
Rate of Change = (New Value - Old Value) / Old Value= ($28.64 - $31.16) / $31.16= -8.1%Duration of the Bond
The duration of the bond is calculated using the following formula:
Duration = [Σ (t * CFt) / V]where,t = timeCFt = cash flow at time tV = total present value= [Σ (t * CFt) / V]= {[1 × ($4 × 2)] + [2 × ($4 × 2)] + [3 × ($4 × 2)] + ... + [30 × ($4 × 2 + $100)]} / $46,740= 12.82 years
Therefore, the duration of the bond is 12.82 years.
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The Rich and Creamy Edibles Factory manufactures and distributes chocolate products. Rich and Creamy Edibles buys raw chocolate and processes it into three joint products: dark chocolate (DC), milk chocolate (MC), and white chocolate (WC). The dark chocolate is further processed into sugar-free dark chocolate (SFDC) and sold to health food stores. The milk chocolate and white chocolate are sold at the splitoff point without further processing to food processors who use them as raw materials in their operations.
During the current month, raw chocolate costing $40,000 was processed at an additional cost of $90,000 into the three joint products. There were no beginning inventories of raw materials or work in process, and all raw material purchased this month was fully processed. Data regarding output and selling prices at the splitoff point are as follows:
Product
Quantity
Produced
Selling Price per kg
at Splitoff Point
DC
MC
WC
80,000
100,000
50,000
$1.60
$1.20
$0.60
The dark chocolate (DC) was processed into sugar-free dark chocolate (SFDC) at an additional cost of $41,600. This resulted in 75,000 kg of SFDC which can be sold for $2.40/kg.
REQUIRED:
Allocate the current month's joint costs to the products using:
1. Sales value at splitoff method.
2. Physical measures method (as produced at splitoff point).
3. Constant Gross Margin Percentage NRV Method.
Round all allocations to the nearest dollar.
Joint cost allocated for a. chocolate powder = $21,336, milk chocolate = $62,664. b. to chocolate powder = $62,664, to milk chocolate = $21,336. c, to chocolate powder = -$42,000, to milk chocolate = -$42,000. d. to chocolate powder = $38,163, to milk chocolate = $45,837.
To allocate the joint costs of $84,000 between chocolate powder and milk chocolate using the given information, we will calculate the allocations based on the provided methods:
a. Sales value at splitoff:
Total sales value at splitoff = (7,100 pounds x $12/pound) + (17,850 pounds x $14/pound) = $85,200 + $249,900 = $335,100
Proportionate sales value of chocolate powder = $85,200 / $335,100 ≈ 0.254
Proportionate sales value of milk chocolate = $249,900 / $335,100 ≈ 0.746
Joint cost allocated to chocolate powder = 0.254 x $84,000 ≈ $21,336
Joint cost allocated to milk chocolate = 0.746 x $84,000 ≈ $62,664
b. Physical measure (gallons):
Gallons of chocolate-powder liquor base = 13,800 pounds / 300 pounds per 12 gallons = 460 gallons
Gallons of milk-chocolate liquor base = 13,800 pounds / 300 pounds per 36 gallons = 153.33 gallons (rounded to the nearest gallon)
Total gallons produced = 460 gallons + 153.33 gallons = 613.33 gallons
Joint cost allocated to chocolate powder = (460 gallons / 613.33 gallons) x $84,000 ≈ $62,664
Joint cost allocated to milk chocolate = (153.33 gallons / 613.33 gallons) x $84,000 ≈ $21,336
c. NRV (Net Realizable Value):
NRV of chocolate powder = $12/pound - $560/pound = -$548/pound
NRV of milk chocolate = $14/pound - $560/pound = -$546/pound
Joint cost allocated to chocolate powder = (-$548/pound / (-$548/pound + -$546/pound)) x $84,000 = -$42,000
Joint cost allocated to milk chocolate = (-$546/pound / (-$548/pound + -$546/pound)) x $84,000 = -$42,000
d. Constant gross-margin percentage NRV:
Constant gross-margin percentage of chocolate powder = (-$548/pound - -$560/pound) / -$548/pound = 0.0219
Constant gross-margin percentage of milk chocolate = (-$546/pound - -$560/pound) / -$546/pound = 0.0256
Total constant gross-margin percentage = 0.0219 + 0.0256 = 0.0475
Joint cost allocated to chocolate powder = (0.0219 / 0.0475) x $84,000 ≈ $38,163
Joint cost allocated to milk chocolate = (0.0256 / 0.0475) x $84,000 ≈ $45,837
The negative values in the NRV allocation indicate that the costs allocated exceed the NRV of the products. In practice, adjustments may be made to align the allocations properly.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is given below " The Rich and Creamy Edibles Factory manufactures and distributes chocolate products. It purchases cocoa beans and processes them into two intermediate products: chocolate-powder liquor base and milk-chocolate liquor base. These two intermediate products become separately identifiable at a single splitoff point. Every 300 pounds of cocoa beans yields 12 gallons of chocolate-powder liquor base and 36 gallons of milk-chocolate liquor base. The chocolate-powder liquor base is further processed into chocolate powder. Every 12 gallons of chocolate-powder liquor base yield 480 pounds of chocolate powder. The milk-chocolate liquor base is further processed into milk chocolate. Every 36 gallons of milk-chocolate liquor base yield 720 pounds of milk chocolate. Production and sales data for August 2021 are as follows (assume no beginning inventory): Cocoa beans processed: 13,800 pounds Costs of processing cocoa beans to splitoff point (including purchase of beans): $84,000 Production Sales Selling Price Separable Processing Costs Chocolate powder 13,248 pounds 7,100 pounds $12 per pound $51,000 Milk chocolate 19,872 pounds 17,850 pounds $14 per pound $87,000 Rich and Creamy Edibles Factory fully processes both of its intermediate products into chocolate powder or milk chocolate. In August 2021, Rich and Creamy Edibles Factory could have sold the chocolate-powder liquor base for $30 a gallon and the milk-chocolate liquor base for $50 a gallon. 1. Calculate how the joint costs of $84,000 would be allocated between chocolate powder and milk chocolate under the following methods: a. Sales value at splitoff b. Physical measure (gallons) c. NRV d. Constant gross-margin percentage NRV. "--
How do developing countries today differ from already developed countries in their earlier stages of development? Explain any TWO differences.
Developing countries today differ from already developed countries in their earlier stages of development in the following ways:
1. Level of Industrialization: Developing countries are still in the early stages of industrialization. They have an unbalanced economy, in which the majority of the population is still engaged in agriculture, and only a small percentage is engaged in industry and services. Developed countries, on the other hand, have a highly industrialized economy, in which the majority of the population is engaged in industry and services, and only a small percentage is engaged in agriculture.
2. Standard of Living: Developing countries have a lower standard of living than developed countries. They have inadequate infrastructure, including limited access to clean water, sanitation, healthcare, and education. As a result, the mortality rate in developing countries is higher, and life expectancy is lower than in developed countries. Developed countries have a higher standard of living, with better infrastructure, healthcare, and education, leading to a higher life expectancy and lower mortality rates.
3. Another difference is in terms of income. Developed countries have higher income levels than developing countries. Developed countries are characterized by high levels of income, low unemployment rates, and relatively small income inequalities. Developing countries, on the other hand, are characterized by low levels of income, high unemployment rates, and large income inequalities.
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The company that manufactures Molson beer launched the Arctic brand in Ontario and the Tornade brand in Quebec, with the intention of gaining a share of the rapidly expanding alcoholic lemonade segment of the beverage industry. The separate launch strategies for the products are due to different market conditions in the two Canadian provinces. What strategy did Molson use to reach existing markets with its new product?
Molson used a differentiated marketing strategy to reach existing markets with its new product.
Differentiated marketing strategy refers to the process of designing specific product campaigns to attract different customer segments. Molson beer company launched two different brands, Arctic brand in Ontario and Tornade brand in Quebec, with the intention of gaining a share of the rapidly expanding alcoholic lemonade segment of the beverage industry. The separate launch strategies for the products are due to different market conditions in the two Canadian provinces.
The differentiated marketing strategy is effective because it focuses on developing and delivering products that meet the needs of specific groups of customers.The Molson beer company used the differentiated marketing strategy to reach existing markets with its new product. The Arctic brand was launched in Ontario while the Tornade brand was launched in Quebec. Both provinces had different market conditions, hence the different launch strategies.
The company used different promotional and advertising campaigns for each brand, which made it possible to reach different customers. As a result, Molson managed to gain a share of the rapidly expanding alcoholic lemonade segment of the beverage industry.
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Match each job example with its career cluster.
Israel is a Cashier
Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics
Rakhee is an Aircraft Structure
Assembler
Manufacturing
Arie is a Chemist
Information Technology
Jake is a Flight Attendant.
Transportation and Logistics
Deb is a Video Game Designer.
Marketing, Sales, and Service
Answer:
Israel is a Cashier ⇒ Marketing, Sales, and ServiceAs a cashier, Israel is involved in the sales industry.
Rakhee is an Aircraft Structure Assembler ⇒ ManufacturingAssembling the structure of an airplane is a process in airplane manufacturing so this falls under manufacturing.
Arie is a Chemist ⇒ Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics.Arie is a chemist which is a science related field as it involves chemistry and biology.
Jake is a Flight Attendant ⇒ Transportation and LogisticsJake as a flight attendant is in the transportation and logistics industry because planes transport people and goods.
Deb is a Video Game Designer ⇒ Information TechnologyDeb as a video game designer is in the IT industry which deals with software and computer related ventures.
Another problem is that, because fiscal policy must be passed by Congress, it has become a A)Blank 1 tool, designed to get Congresspersons reelected, rather than a purely economic tool. As a result, budgetary B)Blank 2 are the norm and budgetary C)Blank 3 the rare exception.
Another problem is that, because the fiscal policy should be passed by Congress, it has turned into a device, intended to get Congresspersons reappointed, instead of a simple monetary instrument thus, budgetary.
The option (A) is correct.
Fiscal policy refers to the expense and spending insurance contracts of the national government. Financial inclusion choices are chosen through Congress and the Organization; the Fed plays out no situation in deciding monetary strategy.
Congress, as one of the three parallel parts of government, is credited with large powers with the guidance of the Constitution. All regulative power in the specialists is vested in Congress, and that implies that the main part of the specialists can make new regulations or trade current regulations.
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Given the following information for an international project: US inflation = 6.5% Singapore inflation = 7.5% Cost of capital in the US = 18% What will the equivalent Singaporean cost of cap be? [Leave your answer in decimals to 4 places)
The equivalent Singaporean cost of capital is 10.7%, or 0.107 when rounded to four decimal places.
To determine the equivalent Singaporean cost of capital, the cost of capital in the US must be adjusted for inflation using the following formula: Equivalent Cost of Capital = [(1 + US Cost of Capital) ÷ (1 + US Inflation Rate)] – 1
The US inflation is 6.5%. Singapore inflation is 7.5%.The cost of capital in the US is 18%.
Now we have to calculate the equivalent Singaporean cost of capital. Using the formula, Equivalent Cost of Capital = [(1 + US Cost of Capital) ÷ (1 + US Inflation Rate)] – 1
Substituting the values into the formula, Equivalent Cost of Capital = [(1 + 0.18) ÷ (1 + 0.065)] – 1= (1.18 ÷ 1.065) – 1= 0.107, which is 10.7%.
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There are three industrial firms in Happy Valley.
Firm Initial Pollution Level Cost of Reducing Pollution by 1 Unit
A 30 $20
B 40 $30
C 20 $10
The government wants to reduce pollution to 60 units, so it gives each firm 20 tradable
pollution permits.
a) Who sells permits and how many do they sell? Who buys permits and how many do they buy? Briefly explain why the sellers and buyers are each willing to do so. What is the total cost of pollution reduction in this situation?
b) How much higher would the costs of pollution reduction be if the permits could not be traded?
Firm A and Firm B sell 10 permits each, Firm C buys 20 permits. The total cost of pollution reduction is $200.
Who sells permits and how many do they sell? Who buys permits and how many do they buy? What is the total cost of pollution reduction?a) In this scenario, Firm A and Firm B sell pollution permits, while Firm C buys pollution permits. Firm A sells 10 permits, and Firm B sells 10 permits. Firm C buys 20 permits.
The sellers are willing to sell the permits because the cost of reducing pollution by 1 unit is lower than the price they receive for selling the permits.
In other words, it is more cost-effective for them to sell permits rather than invest in pollution reduction themselves. Firm C, on the other hand, is willing to buy permits because the cost of reducing pollution internally is higher than the price they pay for purchasing permits.
The total cost of pollution reduction in this situation is the sum of the costs incurred by the buyers, which is (10 * $20) + (10 * $30) = $200.
b) If the permits could not be traded, the costs of pollution reduction would be higher. Each firm would have to bear the entire cost of reducing pollution within their own operations.
In this case, Firm A would need to spend $200 to reduce pollution by 10 units, Firm B would need to spend $300 to reduce pollution by 10 units, and Firm C would need to spend $100 to reduce pollution by 20 units. Therefore, the total cost of pollution reduction without trading permits would be $200 + $300 + $100 = $600.
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Alpha is considering to acquiring a business called Beta which is operating in overseas. Beta operates car dealerships throughout Gulf region and the directors view this entity as an excellent strategic fit with the Alpha’s business model. They are reviewing the financial statements of Beta, which are prepared on a conventional accounting basis, but are aware that Beta is currently operating in an economic environment that is subject to high inflation.
Analyze the potential drawbacks of using Beta’s financial statements as a basis for making business decisions in times of high inflation.
In the case of Alpha, the potential drawbacks of using Beta's financial statements as a basis for making business decisions during times of high inflation are Understated profits, Overvalued assets.
High inflation can have a significant impact on a company's financial statements, which can make it difficult for businesses to make sound decisions.
1. Understated profits: During times of high inflation, a company's profits may appear to be higher than they really are. This is because inflation increases the cost of production and reduces the value of money.
As a result, when companies use conventional accounting techniques, they may not accurately reflect the true costs of production, and the reported profits may be overstated. Therefore, when using Beta's financial statements, Alpha must be aware of the risk of overestimating Beta's true profitability.
2. Overvalued assets: In times of high inflation, a company's assets may appear to be more valuable than they really are. This is because inflation increases the prices of goods and services, including the prices of assets. Therefore, when using Beta's financial statements, Alpha must be aware that some financial ratios may be misleading due to high inflation.
Therefore, Alpha must be aware of the risks associated with using Beta's financial statements as a basis for making business decisions during times of high inflation.
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Use your knowledge of contemporary situational feadership theories to select the word or phrase that best describes the situation. According to Hersey and Blanchard, if you use this leadership style you give your followers a lot of autonomy and independence. Delegating style Telling style Participating style Selling style
According to Hersey and Blanchard, if you use a leadership style that gives your followers a lot of autonomy and independence, the term that describes this situation is the Delegating style of leadership.
The Delegating style of leadership focuses on delegating tasks to the followers who can handle them without direct supervision. Leaders who use the delegating style of leadership often trust their followers’ ability to work on their own. They also provide the followers with all the resources they need to complete the task. The leaders provide guidance only when needed. This style is most effective when the followers are highly skilled and knowledgeable in their area of work.
The style allows the followers to have a sense of ownership of the task, which, in turn, increases their level of motivation and satisfaction. The leader, on the other hand, has time to focus on other important tasks that require their attention. A leader who uses this style should, however, keep an eye on the progress of the task to ensure that it is completed on time and meets the required standards.In conclusion, the Delegating style of leadership is an effective leadership style that can be used to give the followers a lot of autonomy and independence.
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Relevant cash flows of an investment project must be the incremental before tax cash flows due to the investment project. True O False
The statement "Relevant cash flows of an investment project must be the incremental before tax cash flows due to the investment project" is true because relevant cash flows are the after-tax incremental cash flows of an investment project.
An incremental cash flow refers to the additional cash inflows and outflows that occur as a result of a project's implementation. Before-tax incremental cash flows refer to the additional cash inflows and outflows that occur as a result of a project's implementation, before any taxes are paid.
This cash flow method involves subtracting the project's annual costs from its annual revenues, taking into account any increases or decreases in working capital, salvage values, and tax shields, to calculate the net present value of the investment.
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When attempting to resolve resource over-allocation, what
aspect of the project plan should you try to change first?
When attempting to resolve resource over-allocation, what aspect of the project plan should you try to change first? Select one: OA Replan one of the tasks-by changing the "definition of done" or the
When attempting to resolve resource over-allocation in a project, the aspect of the project plan that you should try to change first is the task assignments. By reviewing and adjusting the task assignments, you can redistribute the workload and allocate resources more efficiently to alleviate the over-allocation issue.
Some possible actions you can take to resolve resource over-allocation at the task level include:
1. Reassigning tasks: Look for tasks that are currently assigned to resources that are over-allocated and consider reassigning them to other available resources with lighter workloads. This helps balance the workload and prevents resource bottlenecks.
2. Adjusting task durations: Review the estimated durations of tasks and consider if any can be shortened or extended without compromising the project's objectives. This flexibility can help redistribute the workload and alleviate over-allocation.
3. Prioritizing tasks: Determine the critical tasks that need immediate attention and focus resources on completing those tasks first. This approach helps ensure that key deliverables are addressed while minimizing the impact of resource over-allocation.
4. Revising dependencies: Examine task dependencies and identify opportunities to adjust the sequence of tasks or eliminate unnecessary dependencies. This can create more flexibility in resource allocation and reduce over-allocation.
It's important to note that while adjusting task assignments is often the first step in resolving resource over-allocation, it may also be necessary to evaluate other aspects of the project plan, such as the project timeline, budget, or scope, to fully address the issue. The specific approach will depend on the project's unique circumstances and constraints.
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Question 3 Aseem is a retailer and the following balances were extracted from his book on 31 December 2017: RM Stock, 1 January 2017. -12,400 Office equipment -17,900 Trade debtors. 14,670 Trade creditors 26.700 Capital 30.000 Drawings .800 Sales. 49,600 Purchases 34,040 Carriage inwards. 393 Carriage outwards 465 Returns inwards 440 Returns outwards 550 Rent and Rates 8,800 Wages and salaries 9,600 Cash at bank... ...6,960 Cash in hand... 392 You are required to prepare a Trial Balance as at 31 December 2017. Below is the account balances of Moosy, extracted after one year trading ended 31 December 2017. RM 210,420 Sales. Purchases. 108,680 Carriage outwards 1,115 Carriage inwards. 840 Returns inwards 4,900 Returns outwards 3720 Salaries and wages. 41,800 Motor expenses. 912 Rent 6,800 Sundry expenses. 318 Motor vehicles. 14,400 Fixtures and fittings. 912 Debtors 23,200 Creditors 14,100 Cash at bank 4,100 Cash in hand. 240 Drawings 29,440 Capital.. 18,827 Opening Stock 9,410 Closing Stock 11,290 You are required to prepare a) Income Statement for the year ended 31 December 2017. b) Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2017
The Income Statement for the year ended 31 December 2017 is 62,935 and Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2017 is Total capital and reserves 62,935 Total equity and liabilities 62,350
a) Income statement for the year ended 31 December 2017
Calculation of cost of goods sold (COGS)
Beginning Inventory (1 January 2017) = RM 9,410
Purchases = RM 108,680
Add:
Carriage Inwards = RM 840
Freight Inwards = RM 1,115
Less:
Returns inwards = RM 4,900
Cost of goods available for sale = RM 105,225
Less:
Ending Inventory (31 December 2017) = RM 11,290
Cost of goods sold = RM 93,935
Gross profit Sales = RM 210,420
Less:
COGS = RM 93,935
Gross profit = RM 116,485
Expenses Carriage Outwards = RM 3,720
Rent = RM 6,800
Salaries and wages = RM 41,800
Motor expenses = RM 912
Sundry expenses = RM 318
Total Expenses = RM 53,550
Net profit before interest and tax = Gross profit - Total expenses = RM 62,935
b) Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2017
The balance sheet of Moosy would be calculated as shown below:
Assets RM
Current assets
Cash in hand 240
Cash at bank 4,100
Debtors 23,200
Closing stock 11,290
Total current assets 38,830
Non-current assets Motor vehicles 14,400
Fixtures and fittings 9,120
Total non-current assets 23,520
Total assets 62,350
Equity and Liabilities
Current liabilities
Creditors 14,100
Total current liabilities 14,100
Capital and reserves Capital 29,440
Add:
Net profit before interest and tax 62,935 92,375
Less:
Drawings 29,440
Total capital and reserves 62,935
Total equity and liabilities 62,350
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Total assets will be decreased by stock dividends. stock splits.
cash dividends. all of the answer choices are correct.
The statement "Total assets will be decreased by stock dividends, stock splits, and cash dividends" is not accurate. This is because stock splits and stock dividends do not impact the total assets of a company.
However, cash dividends do have an impact on total assets. Let's take a closer look at each term: Stock dividends: When a company issues a stock dividend, it is distributing additional shares of its own stock to its existing shareholders. This has no impact on the total assets of the company, but it does decrease retained earnings.
Stock splits: A stock split is when a company increases the number of shares outstanding by issuing additional shares to its current shareholders. This also has no impact on total assets. Cash dividends: When a company distributes cash dividends to its shareholders, it is reducing its cash balance and therefore decreasing total assets. So the correct answer to your question is Cash dividends.
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A company's cash receipts and cash payments are recorded in the cash account in its general ledger. Identify which of the following could not be determined by analyzing the cash account?
Multiple choice question.
o Cash payments for equipment
o Cash payments on notes
o Payment for land by issuing a note
o Cash receipts from customers
o Payment for land by issuing a note order
The payment for land by issuing a note order could not be determined by analyzing the cash account. Option c is correct choice.
The cash account records cash receipts and cash payments, which involve actual cash inflows and outflows. Payment for land by issuing a note order does not involve immediate cash payment but rather a promise to pay in the future. Therefore, this transaction would not be reflected in the cash account, as it does not involve an actual cash transaction at the time of the land purchase. Option c is correct choice.
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Crawford Corporation incurred the following transactions. 1. Purchased raw materials on account $52,800. 2. Raw Materials of $45,500 were requisitioned to the factory. An analysis of the materials requisition slips indicated that $9,600 was classified as indirect materials. 3. Factory labor costs incurred were $68,000, of which $51,500 pertained to factory wages payable and $16.500 pertained to employer payroll taxes payable. 4. Time tickets indicated that $55,100 was direct labor and $12,900 was indirect labor. 5. Manufacturing overhead costs incurred on account were $84,700. 6. Depreciation on the company's office building was $8,600. 7. Manufacturing overhead was applied at the rate of 150% of direct labor cost. 8. Goods costing $95,500 were completed and transferred to finished goods. 9. Finished goods costing $81,400 to manufacture were sold on account for $105,600.
The Crawford Corporation incurred the following transactions:
The company purchased raw materials on account for $52,800.
Raw materials totaling $45,500 were requisitioned for use in the factory. An analysis of the materials requisition slips revealed that $9,600 was classified as indirect materials.
The company incurred factory labor costs amounting to $68,000. Out of this amount, $51,500 pertained to factory wages payable, while $16,500 pertained to employer payroll taxes payable.
Time tickets indicated that $55,100 was attributed to direct labor, while $12,900 was attributed to indirect labor.
Manufacturing overhead costs of $84,700 were incurred on account.
The company recorded depreciation expenses of $8,600 for its office building.
Manufacturing overhead was applied at a rate of 150% of direct labor cost.
Completed goods, with a total cost of $95,500, were transferred to finished goods.
Goods costing $81,400 to manufacture were sold on account for $105,600.
The Crawford Corporation made a purchase of raw materials on credit for $52,800. This transaction indicates an increase in the raw materials inventory and an increase in accounts payable.
Raw materials worth $45,500 were requisitioned from the inventory for use in the factory. Among these materials, $9,600 was classified as indirect materials, which are not directly incorporated into the final product but still necessary for the manufacturing process.
The company incurred factory labor costs totaling $68,000. Out of this amount, $51,500 represents factory wages payable, which will be paid to the workers, and $16,500 represents employer payroll taxes payable, which are taxes borne by the company based on its employees' wages.
The time tickets showed that $55,100 was direct labor cost, which is the labor directly involved in the production process, and $12,900 was indirect labor cost, which includes labor not directly involved in production, such as supervisors or maintenance staff.
The company incurred manufacturing overhead costs of $84,700 on account. Manufacturing overhead includes various indirect costs related to the production process, such as rent, utilities, and indirect materials.
The company recorded depreciation expenses of $8,600 for its office building. Depreciation represents the systematic allocation of the building's cost over its useful life, as it is considered an expense incurred in the production process.
Manufacturing overhead was applied at a rate of 150% of direct labor cost. This means that for every dollar of direct labor cost, an additional $1.50 was allocated as manufacturing overhead to cover indirect costs associated with production.
Goods costing $95,500 to manufacture were completed and transferred to finished goods. This transaction involves the transfer of products from the production stage to the finished goods inventory, indicating that the goods are ready for sale.
Finished goods costing $81,400 to manufacture were sold on account for $105,600. This transaction represents the sale of finished products to customers on credit, resulting in an increase in accounts receivable and revenue.
These transactions provide an overview of the financial activities and costs incurred by the Crawford Corporation during the specified period.
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general motors engages in partnerships with its suppliers, component part makers, unions, transport companies, and dealerships—collectively known as its
General Motors engages in partnerships with its suppliers, component part makers, unions, transport companies, and dealerships, collectively known as its "supply chain" or "business ecosystem."
These partnerships are crucial for General Motors to ensure the efficient and effective flow of materials, components, and services required for its manufacturing operations and to maintain strong relationships with stakeholders involved in the production, distribution, and sales of its vehicles. The collaborative efforts with these entities help General Motors enhance its overall competitiveness, streamline operations, manage costs, and deliver high-quality products to its customers.
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General Motors' network of suppliers, component part makers, unions, transport companies, and dealerships are collectively known as its supply chain. These entities contribute to the production and delivery of vehicles, from raw materials to the final customer.
Explanation:General Motors engages in partnerships with various entities such as suppliers, component part makers, unions, transport companies, and dealerships. Collectively, these entities are referred to as its Supply Chain. The supply chain is a network of companies or individuals that contribute to the production and delivery of a product, in this case, vehicles, from start (raw materials) to finish (the customer). For instance, suppliers provide the materials, component part makers fabricate parts, unions represent worker's interests, transport companies arrange for transportation, and dealerships sell the end products to customers. General Motors coordinates these entities to ensure consistent and efficient production.
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Clue #6- Cash Disbursements for Selling and Administrative Expenses Monthly selling and administrative expenses are budgeted as follows: . • . salaries and wages, $13,125 per month; shipping, 6% of sales; advertising, $10,500 per month; other expenses, 4% of sales; Depreciation, including depreciation on new assets acquired during the quarter, will be $10,500 for the quarter. What are total expected cash disbursements for selling and administrative expenses for June? 32025 Clue #1- Sales Budget The marketing department has estimated sales in units as follows: March (actual) 21,000 April 24,500 May 29,750 June 31,500 July 17,500 I The selling price of each unit is $5. What are the total sales budgeted for the second quarter? Sales are 20% for cash and 80% on credit. All payments on credit sales are collected in the month following the sale. The accounts receivable at March 31 are a result of March credit sales. What is the expected amount of cash to be collected in June? (Hint: You may want to calculate April and May also to help you later in the race.) Assets Liabilities & Owners' Equity Liabilities. Owners' Equity . Cash Accounts Receivable Inventory Buildings & equipment (net) Accounts Payable Nordic Company Balance Sheet March 31, 2020 Capital Stock Retained earnings Total liab. & Owners' equity IMPORTANT instructions! When entering your answers, make sure you format them in WITHOUT the $. For example: Total Assets Positive Numbers: 123,000 NOT $123,000. Negative Numbers: (123,000) NOT ($123,000) $15,750 $84,000 $22,050 $374,675 $496,475 $32,025 $332,500 $131,950 $496,475
To calculate the total expected cash disbursements for selling and administrative expenses for June, we need to consider the different expense categories and their respective budgeted amounts.
The given budgeted amounts for selling and administrative expenses are as follows:
- Salaries and wages: $13,125 per month
- Shipping: 6% of sales
- Advertising: $10,500 per month
- Other expenses: 4% of sales
- Depreciation: $10,500 for the quarter
To determine the total expected cash disbursements for June, we need to calculate the specific amounts for each expense category and sum them up.
1. Salaries and wages: The budgeted amount is $13,125 per month, so the amount for June would be the same, which is $13,125.
2. Shipping: The shipping expense is calculated as 6% of sales. To determine the sales for June, we can use the given sales budget for the second quarter. The total sales for the quarter can be calculated as follows:
- March: 21,000 units
- April: 24,500 units
- May: 29,750 units
- June: 31,500 units
Total sales for the second quarter = 21,000 + 24,500 + 29,750 + 31,500 = 106,750 units
Since 20% of the sales are for cash, we need to calculate the credit sales:
Credit sales = Total sales for the quarter - Cash sales = 106,750 - (0.2 * 106,750) = 85,400 units
The shipping expense for June would be 6% of the credit sales:
Shipping expense = 0.06 * 85,400 = $5,124
3. Advertising: The budgeted amount is $10,500 per month, so the amount for June would be the same, which is $10,500.
4. Other expenses: The other expenses are calculated as 4% of sales. We already have the credit sales for June, which is 85,400 units. The other expenses for June would be:
Other expenses = 0.04 * 85,400 = $3,416
5. Depreciation: The given depreciation amount for the quarter is $10,500. Since we are calculating the disbursements for June, we need to divide this amount by 3 (quarterly depreciation is evenly spread over three months):
Depreciation for June = $10,500 / 3 = $3,500
Now, we can sum up all the individual expense amounts for June:
Total cash disbursements for selling and administrative expenses for June = Salaries and wages + Shipping + Advertising + Other expenses + Depreciation
= $13,125 + $5,124 + $10,500 + $3,416 + $3,500
= $35,665
Therefore, the total expected cash disbursements for selling and administrative expenses for June are $35,665.
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Kanha is a student at the University of Tennessee who recently got his first F. Now he has to make a decision about how to get his grades back up. Having recently taken a class on decision making, Kanha decides to follow the six-step process for deciding what to do. What problem is Kanha most likely to face during the development of alternatives step in the decision-making process?
Satisficing, or choosing the first solution that works, not the best solution
Neglecting to gather information on whether or not the plan was successful
Not having the time to take all of the steps outlined in his plan
Considering only "tried and true" solutions without creating new possibilities
George is a manager at Motorola who has lost five of his employees last year. Now he has to make a decision about how to retain the employees on his team. Having recently taken a class on decision making, George decides to follow the six-step process for deciding what to do. What problem is George most likely to face during the implementation of chosen alternative step in the decision-making process?
Not being aware enough of things going on around him to see where problems and opportunities exist
Not having the time to take all of the steps outlined in his plan
Satisficing, or choosing the first solution that works, not the best solution
Considering only "tried and true" solutions without creating new possibilities
For Kanha, the problem he is most likely to face during the development of alternatives step in the decision-making process is: Considering only "tried and true" solutions without creating new possibilities.
For George, the problem he is most likely to face during the implementation of chosen alternative step in the decision-making process is:
Not being aware enough of things going on around him to see where problems and opportunities exist.
Decision-making is the process of selecting the best course of action from available alternatives to achieve a specific goal or solve a problem. It involves gathering relevant information, evaluating different options, and making a choice based on rational analysis or personal judgment.
The decision-making process typically involves the following steps:
Identifying the problem or decision to be made: Clearly define the issue that needs to be addressed or the goal to be achieved.
Gathering information: Collect relevant data and facts about the problem or decision, including potential alternatives and their potential outcomes.
Generating alternatives: Brainstorm and create a range of possible solutions or courses of action that could address the problem or help achieve the goal.
Evaluating alternatives: Assess the pros and cons of each alternative, considering factors such as feasibility, potential risks, costs, benefits, and alignment with goals and values.
Making a decision: Select the best alternative based on the evaluation and analysis conducted. This could involve using logical reasoning, intuition, or a combination of both.
Implementing the decision: Put the chosen alternative into action, allocating resources, communicating the decision, and initiating any necessary steps or changes.
Evaluating the results: Assess the outcomes and effects of the decision to determine its effectiveness in solving the problem or achieving the desired goal. If needed, adjust the approach or make further decisions based on the evaluation.
Throughout the decision-making process, it's important to consider the potential impact on stakeholders, gather input from relevant parties, and ensure ethical considerations are taken into account. Effective decision-making involves a balance of analysis, creativity, critical thinking, and judgment.
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An agricultural equipment company estimates its annual carrying cost at 15% of the per unit price of $4. The ordering cost per order is $9. The annual demand for a product they sell is 48000 units per year. The company has 360 working days in a year.
a) What is the most economical number of units to order?
b) How many orders should be placed in a year?
c)How many days is the cycle time or time difference between two orders?
d)If the lead time is 3 days, what is the re-order-point?
Economic Order Quantity where
D = annual demand
= 48000 units per year
O = ordering cost per order = $9C = carrying cost per unit.
Number of orders per year = (D/Q)Number of orders per year
= (48000/1200)
= 40 orders per year
c) Cycle
Time Cycle Time = (Q/D) x 360 days
Cycle Time = (1200/48000) x 360= 9 days
Reorder Point = Lead Time Demand+ Safety Stock Lead
Time Demand = Lead Time x Daily Demand Lead Time
Demand = 3 x 48000/360= 400Safety Stock = (Z x σ x √L) / C.
Where
Z = Z value (1.65, as per normal distribution)
σ = Standard deviation of demand
L = Lead time in days
C = Cost per unit Reorder Point = 400 + [(1.65 x 60 x √3) / 4]
Reorder Point = 400 + 22.05
Reorder Point = 422.05 Therefore, the re-order-point is 422.05.
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ABM Services paid a $4.15 annual dividend on a day it closed at a price of $54 per share. What
was the yield?
Answer:
Explanation:
94:15
Derek will deposit $3,600.00 per year for 12.00 years into an account that earns 14.00%. Assuming the first deposit is made 6.00 years from today, how much will be in the account 32.00 years from today? Answer format: Currency: Round to: 2 decimal places.
Derek will deposit $3600.00 per year for 12 years into an account that earns 14%.First deposit is made after 6 years, and we need to calculate the amount in the account 32 years from today. Applying the formula for future value of an annuity.
FV = Pmt x (((1 + r)n - 1) / r)
where,
FV = future value of annuity
Pmt = payment per period
r = interest rate per period
n = number of periods
Let's calculate each term one by one;
Pmt = $3600.00
r = 14% = 0.14
n = 12 - 6 = 6 (only the remaining 6 years of deposit)
FV = 3600 x (((1 + 0.14)^6 - 1) / 0.14)
FV = 3600 x (((1.14)^6 - 1) / 0.14)
FV = 3600 x ((2.01123 - 1) / 0.14)
FV = 3600 x (1.01123 / 0.14)
FV = $25,907.61
This will be the future value of annuity at the end of 12 years.
Now, we need to calculate the future value of this amount in 20 years using the simple future value formula;
FV = PV x (1 + r)n where ,
FV = future value
PV = present value
r = interest rate
n = number of years
PV = $25,907.61
r = 14% = 0.14
n = 20
FV = 25907.61 x (1 + 0.14)^20
FV = 25907.61 x (5.37960
)FV = $139,461.28
Therefore, the amount in the account 32 years from today will be $139,461.28 (rounding off to 2 decimal places).
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Bricktan Inc. makes three products, basic, classic, and deluxe. The maximum Bricktan can sell is 727,000 units of basic, 516,000 units of classic, and 240,000 units of deluxe. Bricktan has limited production capacity of 138,000 hours. It can produce 10 units of basic, 8 units of classic, and 4 units of deluxe per hour. Contribution margin per unit is $15 for the basic, $25 for the classic, and $55 for the deluxe. What is the most profitable sales mix for Bricktan Inc.? Multiple Choice A. 72.700 basic, 516,000 classic and 480,000 deluxe. B. 270,000 basic, 240,000 classic and 480,000 deluxe. C. 276,000 basic, 480,000 classic and 240,000 deluxe. D. 1,080,000 basic, 0 classic and 240,000 deluxe. E. 135,000 basic, 516,000 classic and 240,000 deluxe.
The most profitable sales mix for Bricktan Inc. is; 1,080,000 basic, 0 classic, and 240,000 deluxe. Option D is correct.
To determine the most profitable sales mix for Bricktan Inc., we need to consider the production capacity, the maximum units that can be sold for each product, and the contribution margin per unit.
Let's calculate the production capacity for each product based on the given information;
Basic: 138,000 hours × 10 units/hour = 1,380,000 units
Classic: 138,000 hours × 8 units/hour = 1,104,000 units
Deluxe: 138,000 hours × 4 units/hour = 552,000 units
Now, let's compare the maximum units that can be sold for each product with the production capacity;
Basic: Maximum units sold = 727,000 units
Classic: Maximum units sold = 516,000 units
Deluxe: Maximum units sold = 240,000 units
From the above calculations, we can determine that the production capacity exceeds the maximum units that can be sold for all three products.
Next, let's calculate the total contribution margin for each sales mix;
72,700 basic, 516,000 classic, and 480,000 deluxe;
Total contribution margin = (72,700 × $15) + (516,000 × $25) + (480,000 × $55) = $4,362,500 + $12,900,000 + $26,400,000 = $43,662,500
270,000 basic, 240,000 classic, and 480,000 deluxe;
Total contribution margin = (270,000 × $15) + (240,000 × $25) + (480,000 × $55) = $4,050,000 + $6,000,000 + $26,400,000 = $36,450,000
276,000 basic, 480,000 classic, and 240,000 deluxe;
Total contribution margin = (276,000 × $15) + (480,000 × $25) + (240,000 × $55) = $4,140,000 + $12,000,000 + $13,200,000 = $29,340,000
1,080,000 basic, 0 classic, and 240,000 deluxe;
Total contribution margin = (1,080,000 × $15) + (0 × $25) + (240,000 × $55) = $16,200,000 + $0 + $13,200,000 = $29,400,000
135,000 basic, 516,000 classic, and 240,000 deluxe;
Total contribution margin = (135,000 × $15) + (516,000 × $25) + (240,000 × $55) = $2,025,000 + $12,900,000 + $13,200,000 = $28,125,000
Based on the calculations above, the most profitable sales mix for Bricktan Inc. is; 1,080,000 basic, 0 classic, and 240,000 deluxe. This sales mix yields a total contribution margin of $29,400,000.
Hence, D. is the correct option.
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Do you think the positive effects of mechanizing the manufacturing process outweighed the negative effects? why or why not?
Yes, the positive effects of mechanizing the manufacturing process generally outweigh the negative effects due to increased efficiency, productivity, and cost savings.
Generally, the positive effects of mechanizing the manufacturing process often outweigh the negative effects. Mechanization can lead to increased productivity, efficiency, and output, resulting in lower costs and improved quality. It can also enable the production of complex and precise products that are not feasible through manual labor alone. Mechanization can create job opportunities in industries related to technology and machine maintenance.
However, there are potential negative effects to consider. Mechanization may lead to job displacement, as machines replace human labor, impacting employment levels and potentially causing socioeconomic challenges. It can also contribute to income inequality if the benefits primarily accrue to business owners. The environmental impact of increased production and resource consumption should be considered.
Whether the positive effects outweigh the negative effects of mechanization depends on the specific context, including the industry, region, labor market conditions, and the measures taken to address any negative consequences.
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not-for-profit organizations use social media to: group of answer choices connect with the general public, the business community, and each other. learn about new goods and services. lobby for political gains. learn about new methods of production.
Not-for-profit organizations use social media to connect with the general public, the business community, and each other.
Not-for-profit organizations use social media primarily to connect with the general public, the business community, and each other. Social media platforms provide a means for these organizations to engage with their target audience, share updates, promote their mission, and build relationships with stakeholders. While they may indirectly learn about new goods and services or new methods of production through their social media interactions, their main focus is on building relationships, disseminating information, and engaging with their target audiences rather than lobbying for political gains.In conclusion, not-for-profit organizations utilize social media platforms to connect with various stakeholders, including the general public, the business community, and other organizations within their sector.
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a bond has years to maturity, a face value, and a oupon rate with annual coupons. what is its yield to maturity if it is currently trading at ?
The amount that the issuer pays to the bondholder up to the bond's maturity date is known as the coupon rate. The yield of maturity, on the other hand, represents the investor's entire return up until maturity. The interest rate is paid yearly in a coupon rate.
The yield to maturity of a bond is equal to its coupon rate if it is bought at par, or face value. The yield to maturity of the bond will be greater than its coupon rate if the investor buys it at a discount. The yield to maturity of a bond acquired at a premium will be lower than the coupon rate.
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When capital can be used as a signal of project quality, a good borrower is charged a low-interest rate. The reason that a high-risk borrower is unwilling to put up more equity despite this low rate is...
a. the high-risk borrower can lose most of its capital when a low rate is charged
b. none of these
c. low rate induces the high-risk borrower to take on less risky project
d. the high-risk borrower is more interested in getting a debt tax shield and, therefore, would like as large a loan as possible
When capital can be used as a signal of project quality, a good borrower is charged a low-interest rate. The correct answer is option D.The reason that a high-risk borrower is unwilling to put up more equity despite this low rate is because the high-risk borrower is more interested in getting a debt tax shield and, therefore, would like as large a loan as possible.
The capital can be used as a signal of project quality, indicating that the borrower has something at risk and is, therefore, committed to the project's success. A borrower with good credit and a reputation for success may be charged a lower interest rate than a borrower with less experience or a less successful track record.
This is because lenders believe that a good borrower is more likely to repay the loan and less likely to default, resulting in a lower risk for the lender. As a result, a good borrower is rewarded with a lower interest rate.When a high-risk borrower is unwilling to put up more equity despite the low-interest rate, it is because they are more interested in obtaining a debt tax shield.
By taking on a larger loan, the high-risk borrower can reduce their taxable income by deducting interest payments from their income, resulting in lower taxes owed. This is more valuable to the high-risk borrower than reducing the interest rate they are charged, making it more attractive to obtain as large a loan as possible despite the risks involved.
Therefore, the high-risk borrower is less likely to put up more equity and is more interested in obtaining a debt tax shield.
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Planner Corporation's comparative balance sheets are presented below.
PLANNER CORPORATION Comparative Balance Sheets December 31
Cash 2017 $ 21,570 2016 $ 10,700
A/R 2017 18,200 2016 23,400
Land 2017 18,000 2016 26,000
Building 2017 70,000 2016 70,000
Accumulated depreciation2017 (15,000) 2016 (10,000)
Total 2017 $112,770 2016 $120,100
Accounts payable 2017 $ 12,370 2016 $31,100
Common stock 2017 75,000 2016 69,000
Retained earnings 2017 25,400 2016 20,000
Total 2017 $112,770 2016 $120,100
Additional information: 1. Net income was $27,900. Dividends declared and paid were $22,500. 2. All other changes in noncurrent account balances had a direct effect on cash flows, except the change in accumulated depreciation. The land was sold for $5,900.
Instruction (a) Prepare a statement of cash flows for 2017 using the indirect method. (b) Compute free cash flow.
(a) The statement of cash flows would show operating, investing, and financing activities based on the provided information. (b) Free cash flow cannot be calculated without additional details on capital expenditures and cash flow from operations.
The statement of cash flows for 2017 using the indirect method would show the cash flows from operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. The net income of $27,900 would be adjusted for non-cash items such as depreciation and changes in working capital.
The cash flows from investing activities would include the proceeds from the sale of land and any other investments made during the year. The cash flows from financing activities would include the dividends paid and any changes in long-term debt or equity.
Free cash flow is calculated by subtracting capital expenditures from cash flow from operations. Capital expenditures represent the investments made in property, plant, and equipment during the year. Cash flow from operations is the net cash provided by operating activities.
By subtracting capital expenditures from cash flow from operations, we can determine the amount of cash available for other purposes such as debt repayment or distribution to shareholders.
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Why is it important for a business to set up internal control measures
over fixed assets?
Answer:
Effective internal control reduces the risk of asset loss, and helps ensure that plan information is complete and accurate, financial statements are reliable, and the plan's operations are conducted in accordance with the provisions of applicable laws and regulations. ... Why internal control is important to your plan.