When a carbon atom bonds with one s-orbital and two p orbitals, it becomes sp2 hybridized. Between the three atoms, two single bonds and one double bond are formed.
What is Hybridization of carbon ?
Four sp3 orbitals are created when the 2s and all three of the 2p orbitals of carbon combine. Through an overlap of the sp3 and s orbitals, these orbitals subsequently form a link with four hydrogen atoms to form methane.
According to the given question:
Carbon consists of six electrons. In the 1s orbital, just outside the nucleus, there will be two of them. The following two will enter the orbital phase 2s. The rest will be split into two distinct 2p orbitals.
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in a given atom, the maximum number of electrons having principal quantum number n = 3, is 18.
An atom having principal quantum number, n = 3 can have a maximum of :2n²= 2(3)²=18 electrons
Principal quantum number denotes the energy and size of the orbital. It is represented by the symbol "n". It can have positive values viz. 1,2,3,4,5...,etc. The orbitals having the same value of principal quantum number forms a shell.
In a given atom, for a shell having principal quantum number "n", the maximum number of electrons that can be occupied is 2n².
Out of these electrons, half of them will have principal quantum number -1/2 and other half will have +1/2.
So, when n=3 , out of 18 electrons, 9 electrons will have spin quantum number -1/2 and rest 9 electrons will have spin quantum number +1/2.
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1. Predict the products of the following reactions. (2 points be box) CuLi Cl 2. LiAIH4 3. H30 쓰 NH2 OH O 1. NaOH 2. Me- 1. NaCN 3. H3O 0 NH 2 equiv 2 fragments . DIBAL-H 2. H20 hMgBr (exce 0-2. H2O
The reaction that describe an acid an acid- base neutralization reaction is
[tex]Be(OH)2 + H2SO4 = BeSO4 +2 H2O[/tex]
What is neutralization reaction?Neutralization reaction involve an acid and a base reaction whereby the acid neutralization the base for the reaction above Be(OH)2 is the base while it is the acid thus [tex]H2SO4[/tex] neutralizes Be(OH)2 to form BeSO4 and [tex]H2O.[/tex]
Reactants: Na = 2, O = 2, H = 2, Cu = 1, Cl = 2;
Products: Na = 2, Cl = 2, Cu = 1, O = 2, H = 2
[tex]NaOH + CuCL2 — > NaCl + Cu(OH)2[/tex]
The balanced equation can be achieved by doing the following:
There are 2 oxygen and 2 hydrogen atom on the right side. This is balanced by putting 2 in front of NaOH as shown below:
[tex]2NaOH + CuCL2 — > NaCl + Cu(OH)2[/tex]
Therefore, The reaction that describe an acid an acid- base neutralization reaction is
[tex]Be(OH)2 + H2SO4 = BeSO4 +2 H2O[/tex]
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the formation of a dipeptide from two amino acids involves
Look below. When two amino acids are joined together, or when two amino acids condense, a dipeptide is created. Condensation occurs between the amine group of one amino acid and the acid group of another.
What is the photosynthesis chemical formula?
The carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on the other combine to create a link, which results in the creation of a water molecule. What do you name a dipeptide that has been split into two amino acids?
The dipeptide is broken down into two ionised amino acids in the hydrolysis reaction depicted here with the addition of a water molecule. One amino acid receives a negative charge and an oxygen atom, whereas the second amino acid receives two hydrogen atoms.
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C14 is another radioactive substance with a half-life of 5730 years. If a mammoth died with
2000 grams of C14 and then its fossilized bones were found to have just over 250 grams of
C14, how old is the fossil?
a) 5730 years
c) 17,190 years
d) impossible to tell
b) 11,460 years
At what temperature is salmonella killed?
Cooking temperature can reach above 150 degrees F kill salmonella. Salmonellosis is caused primarily by contaminated cooked foods as well as insufficient cooking. Contamination of prepared meats occurs as a result of contact with unwashed surfaces or utensils after use with raw material.
What happens if you get salmonella?Salmonellosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Salmonella, which lives in the intestines of animals, which include birds. Salmonella is typically transmitted to humans through the consumption of foods heavily polluted with animal feces. In the United States, approximately 40,000 incidents of salmonellosis have been reported each year.
What salmonella does to humans?Salmonella bacteria enter the body through the stomach as well as colonize the large and small intestines after being consumed. Bacteria infiltrate and multiply in the intestinal mucosa. Bacteria can enter the gastrointestinal tract's lymphoid tissues and spread to the blood system.
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How do I draw a Lewis structure for CI4?
Lewis structure for CI4 is finding the total amount of valence electrons is the first step.
How can Lewis structures be drawn step-by-step?Finding the total amount of valence electrons is the first step. Step 2: Outline the molecule's skeletal structure. Step 3: Form each bond in the skeletal structure using two valence electrons. Step 4: Try to distribute the leftover valence electrons as nonbonding electrons in order to fill the atoms' octets.Lewis TetraChloride of Carbon CCl4 TetraChloromethane. Four chlorine atoms that are symmetrically arranged as corners in a tetrahedral shape and connected to a central carbon atom by a single covalent connection make up the carbon tetrachloride molecule. CCl 4 is non-polar because of its symmetrical shape.Lewis structure for CI4 is finding the total amount of valence electrons is the first stepTo learn more about Lewis structure refer to:
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What are the properties of an ionic compound?
Ionic compounds are defined as the compounds that are made up of ions that form charged particles when an atom (or group of atoms) gains or loses electrons. Some important properties of ionic compounds are discussed below.
Ionic compounds are basically formed between elements that are metals and elements that are nonmetals. For example, let's take the metal calcium (Ca) and the nonmetal chlorine (Cl) form the ionic compound calcium chloride (CaCl₂). In this ionic compound, two negative chloride ions (anions) are present for each positive calcium ion (cations).
Properties of ionic compounds are given as:
Ionic compounds generally have high melting as well as boiling points.Ionic compounds are brittle and hard in nature.Ionic compounds are good insulators.Ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water.Learn more about ionic compounds from the link given below.
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how many grams of magnesium must react with phosphoric acid to produce 100 L of hydrogen gas
The amount, in grams, of magnesium that must react with phosphoric acid to produce 100 L of hydrogen gas would be 108.38 grams.
Stoichiometric problemMagnesium reacts with phosphoric acid to produce hydrogen gas and magnesium phosphate according to the following balanced equation:
[tex]3Mg + 2H_3PO_4 -- > Mg_3(PO_4)_2 + 3H_2[/tex]
The mole ratio of the magnesium that reacts to the hydrogen gas that is produced is 1:1.
If, 1 mole of a gas = 22.4 L, then 100 L of hydrogen gas would be equivalent to:
100/22.4 = 4.46 mols
Since the mole ratio is 1:1, the mole of magnesium that will produce 100 L of hydrogen gas will also be 4.46 moles.
Mass of 4.46 moles magneisum = 4.46 x 24.3
= 108.38 grams
In other words, the amount of magnesium that must react with phosphoric acid in order to produce 100 L of hydrogen gas would be 108.38 grams.
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The name of the compound PbCl4 is:Lead tetrachlorideLead(II) chlorideLead(IV) chlorideLead chlorideThis question has more then one answer thats why i keep missing it
The Answer is Lead tetrachloride, PbCl4 is the molecular formula for lead tetrachloride, also known as lead(IV) chloride. It is a yellow, oily liquid that is stable below 0 degrees Celsius and decomposes at 50 degrees Celsius.
It is tetrahedral in structure, with lead as the central atom. The covalent bond length of Pb-Cl is 247 pm, and the bond energy is 243 kJmol. Lead tetrachloride can be synthesised by reacting lead(II) chloride PbCl2 with hydrochloric acid HCl in the presence of chlorine gas (Cl2), yielding chloroplumbic acid H2PbCl6. By adding ammonium chloride, it is converted to the ammonium salt (NH4)2PbCl6 (NH4Cl). Finally, concentrated sulfuric acid H2SO4 is added to the solution to separate out the lead tetrachloride.
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f the two electrodes were completely inert and did not participate in the reaction, what potential would have to be exerted on the cell to produce molten al at 1000 oc? the oxygen produced is at 1 bar.
Anode in a bath of molten cryolite heated to between 950 and 1000 °C is part of an electrolytic reduction cell for the manufacture of metal.
How much voltage does electrolysis happen at?The Faraday constant F represents the charge of a mole of electrons (96485 C/mol), and since each mole of water requires two moles of electrons, the minimum voltage required for electrolysis is roughly 1.23 V. This voltage decreases when electrolysis is performed at a high temperature.
Does raising voltage increase electrolysis?Therefore, during electrolysis, the rate of the reaction increases as voltage is raised. The nature and material of the electrode, the presence of oxidizing and reducing chemicals in the electrolyte, and electrode potential are the parameters that affect the electrolysis process.
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Assign a molecular geometry to each interior atom in cytosine Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Reset Help H tetrahedral HC C trigonal planai HC, Z trigonal pyramidal bent NH2 Assign a hybridization to each interior atom in cytosine. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. SP H N. HC =O sp? HC Sp NΗΣ
A hybridization to each interior atom in cytosine is as follows Carbon (C): sp3, Nitrogen (N): sp3, Oxygen (O): sp2, Hydrogen (H): s-character.
In the molecule cytosine, the central carbon atom (C) is bonded to three atoms (H, N, and C) and has one lone pair of electrons, resulting in a trigonal pyramidal geometry and sp3 hybridization. The nitrogen atom (N) is bonded to three atoms (C, H, and C) and has one lone pair of electrons, resulting in a trigonal pyramidal geometry and sp3 hybridization. The oxygen atom (O) is bonded to two atoms (C and H) and has two lone pairs of electrons, resulting in a bent geometry and sp2 hybridization. The hydrogen atoms (H) are bonded to one atom (C or N) and have no lone pairs of electrons, resulting in a linear geometry and s-character hybridization.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. the density of ammonia gas in a 4.32 l container at 837 torr and 45.0 °c is ________ g/l.
The density of ammonia gas in a 4.32 l container at 837 torr and 45.0 °c is 0.717 g/L.
Ammonia is a colorless gas that has a strong suffocating odour. It easily dissolves in water, forming an ammonium hydroxide solution that can cause irritation and burns. Approximately 80% of the ammonia produced by industry is used as fertiliser in agriculture. Ammonia is also used as a refrigerant gas, to purify water, and to make plastics, explosives, textiles, pesticides, dyes, and other chemicals.
Molar mass: 17.031 g/mol
The boiling point is -33.34 °C.
The density is 0.73 kg/m3.
Given,
V = 4.32 L
P = 837 torr = 1.101 atm
R = 0.082 atm.L / mol.K
T = 45 + 273.15 = 318.15 K
Formula:
PV = nRT
Moles of NH3 = n = PV/RT
⇒ = 1.101 x 4.32 / (0.082 x 318.15)
⇒ = 0.182 mol
Molar mass of NH3 = 17 g/mol
Mass = molar mass x moles
⇒ = 17 x 0.182
⇒ = 3.10 g
Density = mass / volume
⇒ = 3.10 / 4.32
⇒ = 0.717 g/L
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Given the volumes of a solvent and solute and their density, what temperature do they freeze at? It would really help if someone helped explain how to do this, I’m kind of stuck thanks
Answer:
Explanation:
To determine the freezing temperature of a solvent and solute mixture, you will need to use the freezing point depression equation. This equation allows you to calculate the change in freezing point of a solvent caused by the addition of a solute.
The freezing point depression equation is:
ΔTf = Kf x molality
where:
ΔTf is the change in freezing point of the solvent in degrees Celsius
Kf is the freezing point depression constant for the solvent, which is a specific value for each solvent and is usually provided in a table or chart
molality is the concentration of the solute in the solvent, expressed in mol/kg
To use this equation, you will need to know the volume and density of the solvent and solute, as well as the molecular weight of the solute. You can then use these values to calculate the molality of the solute in the solvent.
For example, let's say you have a mixture of 100 mL of water (solvent) and 10 g of salt (solute). The density of water is 1 g/mL and the molecular weight of salt is 58.44 g/mol.
To calculate the molality of the salt in the water, you can use the following steps:
Calculate the mass of the solvent: 100 mL x 1 g/mL = 100 g
Calculate the molality of the solute: 10 g / 58.44 g/mol = 0.171 mol
Calculate the molality of the solvent: 0.171 mol / 100 g = 0.00171 mol/g
Once you have calculated the molality of the solute in the solvent, you can use the freezing point depression equation to calculate the change in freezing point of the solvent caused by the addition of the solute.
For water, the freezing point depression constant (Kf) is 1.86 °C/m. Therefore, the change in freezing point caused by the addition of the salt to the water would be:
ΔTf = 1.86 °C/m x 0.00171 m = 0.00316 °C
This means that the freezing temperature of the solvent and solute mixture would be 0.00316 °C lower than the freezing temperature of pure water, which is 0 °C. Therefore, the freezing temperature of the mixture would be -0.00316 °C.
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any questions or need further clarification.
what is the hybridization of the carbon atom that is double bonded to an oxygen atom? a) sp b) sp2 c) sp3 d) dsp3
The hybridization of the carbon atom that is double bonded to an oxygen atom is: A. sp.
How to determine the hybridization of C=O?To determine the hybridization of an atom in a molecule, we can follow these steps:
Count the total number of connected atoms to it. In this case, the carbon atom in C=O has 1 oxygen atom attached to it.Count the total number of lone pairs attached to the atom. A carbon atom has 2 pairs of valence electrons. One pair of electrons is being used to be bonded with oxygen. Therefore, the number of lone pairs is 1.Lastly, add two numbers together: 1 + 1 = 2. Because its number is 2, then the hybridization is sp.Learn more about hybridization here https://brainly.com/question/27956623
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What happens when pyruvate is reduced?
Reduction of pyruvate through a reduction reaction results in the formation of lactate.
When sufficient quantity of oxygen is not available for the cell, then pyruvate undergoes a reduction reaction that results in the production of Lactate. This process is called as anaerobic metabolism.
Conversion of pyruvate into lactate during the process of redox reaction oxidizes NADH to NAD+ . This happens because every glucose molecule that will be converted into pyruvate, two NADH molecules are produced and there is need for the NADH molecules to be oxidized back to NAD+ so that to ensure the continuity and maintenance of the glycolysis.
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What will be depression in freezing point when 6g of urea is dissolved in 1000 g of water?
The freezing point depression of the solution will be ΔTf = 1.86°C/m × 0.1 mol/kg = 0.186°C.
What is dissolved?Dissolved is a term used when a solid is broken down into small particles and dispersed in a liquid. When a solid is dissolved in a liquid, the solid particles no longer exist as separate entities. Instead, the solid particles are distributed evenly throughout the liquid. Dissolution is a common process in chemistry and is used in many everyday applications, such as drinking soda or adding sugar to coffee.
The freezing point depression of a solution containing 6 g of urea dissolved in 1000 g of water can be calculated using the formula ΔTf = iKf m, where ΔTf is the freezing point depression, Kf is the cryoscopic constant for water (1.86°C/m), and m is the molality of the solution. The molality of the solution can be calculated as m = (6 g/60 g/mol)/(1000 g/1000 mL) = 0.1 mol/kg. Therefore, the freezing point depression of the solution will be ΔTf = 1.86°C/m × 0.1 mol/kg = 0.186°C.
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The normal boiling point of methanol (CH3OH) is 64.6°C. Given that the vapor pressure of methanol is 75.0 torr at 15.2°C, calculate the molar enthalpy of vaporization of methanol.
The molar enthalpy of vaporization is 374.9 J/mol.
What is the molar heat of vaporization?We know that at the boiling point of a substances, the vapor pressure of the substance would become equal to the atmospheric pressure of the substance.
We know that;
ln(P2/P1) = -ΔHvap/R(1/T2 - 1/T1)
P2 = final pressure
P1 = initial pressure
ΔHvap = molar enthalpy of vaporization
T2 = Final temperature
T1 = initial temperature
ln(75/760) = -ΔHvap/8.314(1/15.2 - 1/64.6)
-2.3 = -ΔHvap/8.314(0.066 - 0.015)
-2.3 = -0.051ΔHvap/8.314
ΔHvap = -2.3 * 8.314/ -0.051
ΔHvap = 374.9 J/mol
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Identify the products of the following acid-base reaction: -4 4-3 H-50 Li and and H = Li and _O, and I © Li and
The product of the -4 4-3 H-50 Li And And H = Li And _O, And I © Li is the diagram in option B.
What are acid-base reactions?One or more hydrogen ions, H+, are exchanged between species that may be neutral (molecules, such as water, H2O), or electrically charged (ions, such as ammonium, NH4+, hydroxide, OH, or carbonate, CO32), in an acid-base process.
The hydroxide of acid and metal for acid and metal neutralization. Oxide of metal and acid. A neutralizing reaction occurs when an acid and a base interact. This reaction yields a salt and water as byproducts.
Therefore, the correct option is B.
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The question is incomplete. Your most probably complete question is given below: the image of the options is added.
What is atomic models?
Answer:
Atomic theory
Explanation:
The atomic model is a representation of the atom.
hoped this helped:)
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What are the dangers of pewter casting?
Casting pewter involves tremendous temperatures, which makes it potentially highly dangerous. Wearing safety gear like the kind pictured below is required, and taking all reasonable safety precautions is crucial.
Does pewter produce odors?Gases or scents that are toxic or offensive may be released during burning or thermal breakdown. Unusual Explosion and Fire Risks: When molten, water reacts violently with it.
Why is pewter a good material for casting?Despite significant variations, 96% tin and 4% copper make up the majority of modern pewter. It is a soft metal, allowing for simple shaping with both hand and machine tools. A low melting point makes it suitable for casting (230 degrees, roughly).
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What’s the first change that occurs in your cookie dough after you put the pan in the oven?answer choicesWater boilsbutter meltsProtein unfoldsCaramelization occurs
Answer: butter melts
Explanation:
Chemists can identify the composition of some unknown salts by conducting a flame test. When potassium salts are heated in a flame, a purple color is observed.
This is due to the movement of electrons between energy levels. What is the electron configuration of a potassium atom at ground state?
answer choices
1s2; 2s2; 2p6; 3s2; 3p6; 4d1
1s2; 2s2; 2p6; 3s2;3p6; 3d1
1s2; 2s2; 2d6; 3s2; 3d6; 4s1
1s2; 2s2; 2p6; 3s2; 3p6; 4s1
A potassium atom's ground state electron configuration is 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s1.
What substance is electronic configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1?An atom's electron configuration is a picture of how electrons are arranged in relation to orbital shells and subshells. Consequently, this is potassium's electron configuration.
How can you express a whole electron configuration in writing?Making Electron Configurations in Writing. Write the energy level (the period) first, then the subshell that needs to be filled, and finally the superscript, which indicates how many electrons are in that subshell. The atomic number, Z, is the sum of all the electrons.
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Two ways to create a negative ion
The direct capture of a free electron by a neutral atom is the easiest technique to create negative ions.
How is an ion made to be negatively charged?
Positive ions made by a positive ion source can be double-charged-exchanged to create negative ions,
or negative ions can be directly extracted from a negative ion source.
creation of negative ions.
Negative ions and other energy levels below the vacuum level can be inhabited by adding an electron to an atom or molecule.
The atom has a net negative charge of e despite not being stable.
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How many atoms are there in a 1.00 mole sample of water?
Each molecule of water contains 2 H and 1 O atom = 3 atoms, so there are approximately [tex]1.8 * 10^{24}[/tex] atoms in a mole of water.
In the International System of Units, the mole (symbol mol) is the unit of substance amount (SI). The amount of substance is a measurement of how many elementary entities of a given substance are present in an object or sample.
An elementary entity can be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an ion pair, or a subatomic particle such as an electron, depending on the substance. For example, despite having different volumes and masses, 10 moles of water (a chemical compound) and 10 moles of mercury (a chemical element) contain equal amounts of substance, and the mercury contains exactly one atom for each molecule of water.
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What is the freezing point of a solution that contains 10.0 g of glucose in 100g of H2O?
The proposed solution, which has 10.0 grams of glucose in 100 gram of water, has a freezing point of 1.034 C.
The freezing point is what?The degree of heat in which a liquid becomes solid. precisely the temperatures at which a material's solid and liquid states are balanced at atmospheric pressure.
How significant is freezing point?If a substance is kept below its freezing point, it may either become more or less dangerous. The freezing point additionally offers an essential safety standard for evaluating the impacts of occupational exposure to cold conditions.
Briefing:m = molality
i = van 'toff factor,
molality = n/w*t of solvent
n = w*t of Glucose/M* w t
= 10/180*1/0.1
=0.555 w* t
= 1.86*0.555*1
= 1.034
T (solvent) - d= 0-1.034
freezing point = -1.034C
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Is d orbital present in carbon?
How many grams of table sugar can be dissolved in 100 grams of water at 20 degree C?
465 grams of sugar If so, 300 grams of water ought to be able to tell you 3*155 grams of sugar. In 300 grams of water, there are 465 grams of sugar (3 x 155).
What goals does it serve to dissolve?Traditionally, the dissolve editing method is used to segue between images that link two scenes together. Instead of a direct cut from one shot to the next, a dissolve gradually transitions from one image to the next.
What does water dissolve in?Salt, sugar, and coffee are among the things that can dissolve in water. These objects disintegrate. Usually, they dissolve more easily and fast in warm or hot water. In hot water, but not at room temperature, sand and pepper are soluble.
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What is the next step in the process after a substrate enters the active site of an enzyme brainly?
After the substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme, the enzyme-substrate complex may undergo a conformational change, which brings the substrate closer to the catalytic site of the enzyme.
This conformational change is often necessary for the chemical reaction to occur, as it positions the substrate in the proper orientation for the reaction to take place. The conformational change may be induced by the binding of the substrate to the active site, or it may be a result of the substrate interacting with specific amino acid residues within the active site. The conformational change of the enzyme can also help to stabilize the intermediate species formed during the reaction, which helps to increase the rate of the reaction.
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What is the empirical formula for a compound that contains 17. 34% hydrogen and 82. 66% carbon?.
Answer: [tex]C_2H_5[/tex]
Arrange the following solutions in order of increasing basicity: Rank solutions from smallest basicity to greatest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap the
The rank solutions from smallest basicity to greatest is
[tex]C_{5}H_{5}NHNO_{2}[/tex] - [tex]NaCHO_{2}[/tex] - [tex]C_{2}H_{5} NH_{3}I[/tex] - NaI - NaOH
Sаlt cаn be аcidic, bаsic аs well аs neutrаl. NаOH hаs the leаst аcidity becаuse it is bаse аnd it gives hydroxyl ions in wаter. Higher is the pH of аny substаnce, lesser will be its аcidity. Lower pH vаlue indicаtes thаt the given substаnce is аcidic.
[tex]NaCHO_{2}[/tex] - It is a basic salt of a weak acid (HCOOH) + strong base (NaOH)
[tex]C_{2}H_{5} NH_{3}I[/tex] - It is an acidic salt of a weak base (Ethyl Amine) + strong acid (NaOH)
NaOH - It is a strong base itself
[tex]C_{5}H_{5}NHNO_{2}[/tex] - It is a weakly acidic salt of very weak bases (pyridine) + moderately
NaI - It is a neutral sort of strong as HI.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question can see in the Attachment.
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