The null hypothesis can be rejected at the 1% significance level.
a) The difference values are 1 0 2 3 3 4 4 7 5 2
b) The mean difference value is: 3.2
c) Null Hypothesis:
H₀: μd ≤ 0
Alternative Hypothesis:
H₁: μd > 0,
Where μd is the mean difference value.
e) We can conclude that there is sufficient evidence to suggest that blocker 2 is more effective than blocker 1 at the 1% level of significance.
a) The difference values are as follows:
Subject Difference Value 1 0 2 3 3 4 4 7 5 2
b) The mean difference value is:3.2
c) Null Hypothesis:
H₀: μd ≤ 0
Alternative Hypothesis:
H₁: μd > 0
Where μd is the mean difference value.
d) The test statistic is calculated using the formula:
[tex]\[\frac{\bar d-0}{\frac{S}{\sqrt{n}}}\][/tex]
Where \[\bar d\]is the mean difference value, S is the standard deviation of the difference values, and n is the number of subjects.
Using the given data, we have:
[tex]\[\frac{3.2-0}{\frac{2.338}{\sqrt{5}}}\][/tex]≈ 4.21
The p-value is less than 0.01.
Therefore,
e) We can conclude that there is sufficient evidence to suggest that blocker 2 is more effective than blocker 1 at the 1% level of significance.
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Will give Brainliest to whoever helps me.
Answer:
BJCJCJStep-by-step explanation:
Answer:
1. B
2. J
3. C
4. F
5. C
6. J (I think, Sorry if u get it wrong)
Step-by-step explanation:
Thank me later lol.
Person A wishes to set up a public key for an RSA cryptosystem. They choose for their prime numbers p = 41 and q = 47. For their encryption key, they choose e = 3. To convert their numbers to letters, they use A = 00, B = 01,... 1. What does Person A publish as their public key? 2. Person B wishes to send the message JUNE to person A using two-letter blocks and Person A's public key. What will the plaintext be when JUNE is converted to numbers? 3. What is the encrypted message that Person B will send to Person A? Your answer should be two blocks of four digits each. 4. Person A now needs to decrypt the message by finding their decryption key. What is (n)? 5. Find the decryption key by find a solution to: 3d mod (n) = 1. What is the decryption key? 6. Confirm your answer to the previous part works by computing cd mod n for each block of the encrypted message, and showing it matches the answer to part (b).
1) Person A publishes their public key as (3, 1927).
2) Converting JUNE to numbers, J = 09, U = 20, N = 13, E = 04
3) The encrypted message is the pair of blocks: (729, 1121).
4) Person A now needs to decrypt the message by finding their decryption key. The n is 1927.
5) The decryption key is 642
To set up an RSA cryptosystem, Person A needs to perform several steps. Let's go through each step to find the answers to the questions:
1. Finding the public key:
Person A has chosen prime numbers p = 41 and q = 47.
Compute n = p * q: n = 41 * 47 = 1927
The public key consists of the pair (e, n), where e = 3.
Therefore, Person A publishes their public key as (3, 1927).
2. Converting the message "JUNE" to numbers:
Using the given conversion scheme A = 00, B = 01, ..., Z = 25:
J = 09
U = 20
N = 13
E = 04
3. Encrypting the message using Person A's public key:
To encrypt each two-letter block, we need to calculate c = [tex]m^{e}[/tex] mod n, where m is the plaintext number and e is the encryption key.
For the first block "JU":
For J (m = 09): c1 = 09³ mod 1927 = 729
For U (m = 20): c2 = 20³ mod 1927 = 16000 mod 1927 = 1121
The encrypted message is the pair of blocks: (729, 1121).
4. Finding the decryption key:
To decrypt the message, Person A needs to find the decryption key d, where 3d mod n = 1.
Since n = 1927, we need to solve the equation 3d mod 1927 = 1 for d.
We can use the Extended Euclidean Algorithm to find the modular inverse of 3 modulo 1927.
Using the Extended Euclidean Algorithm, we get:
1927 = 3 * 642 + 1
1 = 1927 - 3 * 642
Therefore, the decryption key is d = 642.
5. Computing the decryption key:
We found that d = 642 in the previous step.
6. Confirming the decryption works:
To confirm that the decryption works, we need to compute [tex]c^{d}[/tex] mod n for each block of the encrypted message and check if it matches the corresponding plaintext number.
For the first block (c1 = 729):
Compute [tex]c_{1} ^{d}[/tex] mod n: 729⁶⁴² mod 1927 = 09 (which matches the first plaintext number "J").
For the second block (c2 = 1121):
Compute [tex]c_{2} ^{d}[/tex] mod n: 1121⁶⁴² mod 1927 = 20 (which matches the second plaintext number "U").
Therefore, the decryption process works correctly, and the decrypted message is "JUNE," which matches the original plaintext.
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can ya'll do me a favor and cheak out my boy LOOCY LACE on you,tube all caps
Answer:
ok (tho i advise you use brainly for education purposes only :)
Step-by-step explanation:
Consider the following function. f(x) = 9x - 1
Find the difference quotient f(x)-f(a)/x-a for the function
The difference quotient for the function f(x) = 9x - 1 is (9x - 1 - (9a - 1))/(x - a).
The difference quotient is a measure of the average rate of change of a function over an interval. In this case, we are given the function f(x) = 9x - 1. The difference quotient formula is (f(x) - f(a))/(x - a), where f(x) is the value of the function at x, f(a) is the value of the function at a, and (x - a) represents the change in the input variable.
To calculate the difference quotient for the given function, we substitute the function values into the formula. So, we have (9x - 1 - (9a - 1))/(x - a). Simplifying this expression, we get (9x - 9a)/(x - a). This is the difference quotient for the function f(x) = 9x - 1.
The difference quotient represents the average rate of change of the function over the interval [a, x]. It measures how the function's output values change as the input values change from a to x. By evaluating this expression for different values of x and a, we can determine the average rate of change of the function over specific intervals.
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The degree of precision of a quadrature formula whose error term is is 5 2
For the quadrature formula, the degree of precision is 2. The precision level of a quadrature formula indicates the maximum degree of polynomial functions that the formula can accurately integrate without any error. So, option b is the correct answer.
In this case, the error term of the quadrature formula is given as (h²/3) f(3)(ξ), where h represents the step size and f(3)(ξ) represents the third derivative of the function being integrated.
To determine the degree of precision, we need to find the highest power of h in the error term. Since the error term is (h²/3) f(3)(ξ), the highest power of h is 2.
Therefore, for the quadrature formula whose error term is (h²/3) f(3)(ξ), the degree of precision is 2.
Therefore the correct answer is option b.2.
The question should be:
The degree of precision of a quadrature formula whose error term is (h²/3) f(3)(ξ) is:
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
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What is the diameter of a sphere with a volume of 332\text{ cm}^3,332 cm 3 , to the nearest tenth of a centimeter?
Answer:
The diameter is 8.6cm
Step-by-step explanation:
Given
Shape: Sphere
[tex]Volume = 332cm^3[/tex]
Required
Determine the diameter of the sphere
First, calculate the radius using:
[tex]Volume = \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3[/tex]
Substitute: [tex]Volume = 332cm^3[/tex]
[tex]332= \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3\\[/tex]
Solve for r
[tex]r^3 = \frac{332 * 3}{4 * \pi}[/tex]
[tex]r^3 = \frac{996}{4 * \pi}[/tex]
[tex]r^3 = \frac{249}{\pi}[/tex]
[tex]r^3 = \frac{249}{3.142}[/tex]
[tex]r^3 = 79.25[/tex]
Take cube roots
[tex]r = \sqrt[3]{79.25}[/tex]
[tex]r = 4.3[/tex]
Diameter (D) is calculated as:
[tex]D = 2r[/tex]
[tex]D = 2 * 4.3[/tex]
Find the value of
66 + 57 − 43 + 38 − 25 + 19 − 7 + = 64 + 59 − 41 + 36 − 23 + 17 – 5
Answer:
212, pretty sure
Step-by-step explanation:
The button on Madelyn's jacket has a radius of 4 millimeters. What is the button's circumference?
Use 3.14 for .
Answer:
The circumference would be 25.12 mm
Step-by-step explanation:
[tex]c = 2\pi r[/tex]
[tex]c = 6.28 \times 4[/tex]
[tex]c = 25.12[/tex]
please help!!!!! simplify
Answer:
Pretty sure it's B
Step-by-step explanation:
If A is the angle between the vectors u =(5, 0,82 ) and v = (0,0,1). What is the value of cosine of A? (Round off the answer upto 2 decimal places) Question 2 If A and B are matrix: A-la a2] = rai аз as bı [b1 b2 B= [bz b4] If a1 = 4, a2=7, a3 = 8, 24 = 4, also, b1 = 5, b2 = -1, b3 = 3, b4 = 0, then find inner product of (A, B)? (Round off the answer upto 2 decimal places) Question 1 u = (2+26 1. 1 + 88 1,0). Find norm of uie. I u 11? (Round off the answer upto 2 decimal places)
The analysis of the matrices and vectors components indicates;
a) coa(A) = 1
b) <A, B> = 37
c) ||u|| ≈ 91.79
What is a vector?A vector is an mathematical object has magnitude and direction. Vector quantities can be represented by an ordered list of numbers, representing the components of the vector.
a) The cosine of the angle between the vectors, can be obtained from the dot product formula as follows;
cos(A) = (5)·(0) + (0)·(0) + (82)·(1) = 82
The magnitudes of the vectors are; ||u|| = √(5² + 0² + 82²) = 82
||v|| = √(0² + 0² + 1²) = 1
cos(A) = (u·v)/(||u||·||v||) = 82/82 = 1
cos(A) = 1
b) The inner product of the matrices; [tex]A=\begin{bmatrix} 4&7 \\ 8& 4 \\\end{bmatrix}[/tex] and [tex]B = \begin{bmatrix}5 &-1 \\ 3&0 \\\end{bmatrix}[/tex] can be found from the sum of the product of the corresponding entries of the matrices as follows;
<A, B> = 4 × 5 + 7 × (-1) + 8 × 3 + 4 × 0 = 37
The inner <A, B> = 37
c) The norm of a vector is defined as the square root of the sum of the squares of the components of the vector, therefore;
||u|| = √(|2 + 26i|² + |1 + 88i|² + |0|²)
|2 + 26i| = √(2² + 26²) = √(680)
|1 + 88i| = √(1² + 88²) = √(7745)
||u|| = √((√(680))² + (√(7745))² + (0)²) = √(8425) ≈ 91.79
The norm of the vector is ||u|| ≈ 91.79
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JK and LM are perpendicular diameters of a circle. They are each 12 inches long. What is the approximate length of chord LK?
ANSWER:
I think the approximate length og chord Lk is around 8.5 inches long
Which of the equations represents the line that contains the point (-3,11) and is parallel to a line that has a slope of 8/3? Select all that apply.
A. y=8/3x+3
B. y=8/3x+19
C. 3x+8y=11
D.8x-3y=11
E. y+11=8/3(x-3)
F. y+11=8/3(x+3)
The correct answer is:y = (8/3)x + 29/3
The equation of the line that passes through the point (-3, 11) and is parallel to the line with a slope of 8/3.To find the slope of the line that we need to draw, we can use the fact that parallel lines have the same slope. So, slope of the line = 8/3.Now, we have the slope and a point on the line, so we can use the point-slope form to find the equation of the line.The point-slope form is:y - y₁ = m(x - x₁)where m is the slope of the line and (x₁, y₁) is the given point.Substituting the values, we get:y - 11 = (8/3)(x - (-3))Simplifying the equation:y - 11 = (8/3)x + 8y - 44/3 = (8/3)x + 15/3y = (8/3)x + 29/3So, the equation of the line is:y = (8/3)x + 29/3The equation that represents the line that contains the point (-3, 11) and is parallel to a line that has a slope of 8/3 is:y = (8/3)x + 29/3.Selecting the options that apply:y=8/3x+19 (Does not apply because the y-intercept is incorrect.)3x+8y=11 (Does not apply because the slope is not 8/3.)8x-3y=11 (Does not apply because the slope is not 8/3.)y+11=8/3(x-3) (Does not apply because the slope is negative.)y+11=8/3(x+3) (Does not apply because the slope is not 8/3.)Hence, the correct answer is:y = (8/3)x + 29/3.
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Solve the following initial value problem. y2 – 8y + 12, y(0) = 3 dx
The solution of the initial value problem is y= 3e2x - c2e2x +c2e6x.
Given y2 – 8y + 12, y(0) = 3
y2 – 8y + 12 = 0
The above equation is a quadratic equation, let us factorize it.
(y - 6)(y - 2) = 0y = 6 or y = 2
Therefore, the general solution of the differential equation isy = c1e2x + c2e6x............(1)
Now, let us apply the initial condition y(0) = 3 in the above general solution to find the value of c1 and c2.
y(0) = c1e2(0) + c2e6(0)3 = c1 + c2
On solving, we getc1 + c2 = 3c1 = 3 - c2
Substitute the value of c1 in equation (1)
y = (3 - c2)e2x + c2e6x = 3e2x - c2e2x + c2e6x...........(2)
The above equation is the required solution of the given initial value problem.
Therefore, the solution of the given initial value problem is
y = 3e2x - c2e2x + c2e6x.
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Area = 79.2 ft2
9 ft
4.2 ft
h
The dimensions of two square pyramids formed of sand are shown. How much more sand is in the pyramid with the greater volume?
Answer:
The pyramid with the greater volume has 5in^3 more sand
Step-by-step explanation:
Given
Pyramid A
[tex]B = 25in^2[/tex] -- Base Area
[tex]h = 9in[/tex] --- height
Pyramid B
[tex]B = 30in^2[/tex]
[tex]h = 7in[/tex]
See attachment for pyramids
The volume of a square pyramid is:
[tex]V = \frac{1}{3}Bh[/tex]
First, calculate the volume of pyramid A
[tex]V_A = \frac{1}{3} * 25in^2 * 9in[/tex]
[tex]V_A = 25in^2 * 3in[/tex]
[tex]V_A = 75in^3[/tex]
Next, the volume of pyramid B
[tex]V_B = \frac{1}{3} * 30in^2 * 7in[/tex]
[tex]V_B = 10in^2 * 7in[/tex]
[tex]V_B = 70in^3[/tex]
To calculate how much more sand the greater pyramid has, we simply calculate the absolute difference (d) between their volumes
[tex]d = |V_B - V_A|[/tex]
[tex]d = |70in^3 - 75in^3|[/tex]
[tex]d = |- 5in^3|[/tex]
[tex]d = 5in^3[/tex]
A parabola can be drawn given a focus of (2, 4)(2,4) and a directrix of x=4x=4. Write the equation of the parabola in any form.
Answer:
The equation of the parabola is;
x = -(1/4)·(y - 4)² + 3
Step-by-step explanation:
The given focus of the parabola is f = (2, 4)
The directrix of the parabola is x = 4
The vertex form of the equation of the parabola can be expressed as follows;
x = a·(y - k)² + h
(y - k)² = 4·p·(x - h)
Where;
(h, k) = The vertex of the parabola
(h + p, k) = The focus of the parabola
x = h - p = The directrix
Therefore, k = 4
h + p = 2...(1)
h - p = 4...(2)
∴ 2·h = 6
h = 6/2 = 3
From equation (1), we have;
p = 2 - 3 = -1
p = -1
From the equation of the parabola in the form, (y - k)² = 4·p·(x - h), we have;
The equation of the parabola is (y - 4)² = 4 × (-1) ·(x - 3)
Therefore, we have;
(y - 4)² = -4·x + 12
4·x = 12 - (y - 4)²
The equation of the parabola is x = -(1/4)·(y - 4)² + 3
y² -8·y + 16 = -4·x + 12
4·x = 8·y - y² - 16 + 12 = 8·y - y² - 4
x = 2·y - y²/4 - 1 = -y²/4 + 2·y - 1
The equation of the parabola can also be written in the form
x = -y²/4 + 2·y - 1 = -0.25·y² + 2·y - 1
What are the values of x that would make the line j parallel to line k? Help me please!
Answer:
For line j to be parallel to line k, then x has to be equal to 0
Step-by-step explanation:
if line j is parallel to line k, then the two angles are equal.
They are equal because they would be alternate angles and alternate angles are equal in value
Thus,
3x + 10 = 5x + 10
5x-3x = 10-10
2x = 0
x = 0
This season, the probability that the Yankees will win a game is 0.56 and the probability that the Yankees will score 5 or more runs in a game is 0.46. The probability that the Yankees lose and score fewer than 5 runs is 0.32. What is the probability that the Yankees would score fewer than 5 runs when they win the game? Round your answer to the nearest thousandth.
The probability that the Yankees would score fewer than 5 runs when they win the game is 0.32.
Let the events be A: Yankees win a game
B: Yankees score 5 or more runs
C: Yankees lose a game
D: Yankees score fewer than 5 runs
We are given the following probabilities:
P(A) = 0.56 (probability of winning)
P(B) = 0.46 (probability of scoring 5 or more runs)
P(C and D) = 0.32 (probability of losing and scoring fewer than 5 runs)
We want to find the probability of scoring fewer than 5 runs when they win the game, which is P(D|A).
We can use Bayes' theorem to find this probability:
P(D|A) = P(A and D) / P(A)
Using the definition of conditional probability:
P(D|A) = P(D and A) / P(A)
We know that P(D and C) = P(C and D), as both events represent the same outcome.
Using the fact that the sum of the probabilities of mutually exclusive events is equal to 1:
P(D and C) + P(B and C) = 1
Rearranging the equation:
P(D and C) = 1 - P(B and C)
Now, let's find P(D and A):
P(D and A) = P(D and A and C) + P(D and A and not C)
P(D and A) = P(D and A and C) + 0
P(D and A) = P(C and D and A)
Substituting the probabilities we have:
P(D|A) = P(C and D) / P(A)
P(D|A) = P(C and D) / P(C and D) + P(B and C)
P(D|A) = 0.32 / (0.32 + P(B and C))
We need to find P(B and C), which we can calculate using the given probabilities:
P(B and C) = P(C and B)
P(B and C) = P(C) - P(C and D)
P(B and C) = 1 - P(C and D)
P(B and C) = 1 - 0.32
P(B and C) = 0.68
Now we can substitute this value into the equation:
P(D|A) = 0.32 / (0.32 + 0.68)
P(D|A) = 0.32 / 1
P(D|A) = 0.32
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suppose you wish to whirl a lead fishing weight of mass m in a vertical circle using a string that is 0.20 m long. what minimum speed must the fishing weight have in order to maintain a circular path?
The fishing weight must have a minimum speed of approximately 1.98 m/s to maintain a circular path with a 0.20 m long string.
In order to maintain a circular path, the centripetal force (Fc) must be equal to or greater than the weight force (mg) of the fishing weight. The centripetal force is given by the equation Fc = (mv^2) / r, where m is the mass of the fishing weight, v is the speed, and r is the radius (0.20 m).
To find the minimum speed required, we can equate the centripetal force and weight force:
(mv^2) / r = mg
Simplifying the equation:
v^2 = rg
v = sqrt(rg)
Substituting the values of r (0.20 m) and g (acceleration due to gravity, approximately 9.8 m/s^2):
v = sqrt(0.20 * 9.8)
v ≈ 1.98 m/s
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Enter the fraction using tenths and the decimal by the model.
Answer:
The fraction would be 5/10 or 1/2 and the decimal would be 0.5
Step-by-step explanation:
5 are shaded in out of 10 so that shaded part would be 5 out of 10 or 5/10. Same goes for the decimal, 5 are shaded which means that is 5 tenths or 0.5.
I hope this helps!
What is 1/2 ( f - 10 ) when f= 16
Pediatricians recommend no more than 2 hours of screen time daily for middle school aged children. A teacher at a local middle school would like investigate whether on average, students at her school get more than 2 hours of daily screen time. If the average screen time for students at this middle school is 2 hours, which of the following is more likely? • that a random sample of 30 students get more than 3 hours of screen time daily, on average, • that a random sample of 40 students get more than 3 hours of screen time daily, on average That a random sample of 40 students get more than 3 hours of screen time daily, on average That a random sample of 30 students get more than 3 hours of screen time daily, on average Both are equally likely
If the average screen time for students at this middle school is 2 hours, the option that is more likely is option C: that a random sample of 40 students will get more than 3 hours of screen time daily, on average, compared to a random sample of 30 students.
What is the random sample?To determine the likelihood, consider sampling variability and sample size.
Larger samples = more accurate estimates. Larger samples=more stable estimates.If we randomly sample 30 middle school students, the sample mean is likely to be closer to the population mean of 2 hours.
Sample size of 30 is small, increasing chances of random variation impacting sample mean. If one can select a larger sample of 40 students, the population mean estimate is said to be more accurate and less affected by fluctuations.
A sample of 40 students may have an average screen time of over 3 hours per day.
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Find the interest earned if you place $76.43 into an account that pays 21.5% simple interest, and leave it in for 3 years.
A = $125.73
I = A - P = $49.30
hey!
Equation:
A = P(1 + rt)
Calculation:
First, converting R percent to r a decimal
r = R/100 = 21.5%/100 = 0.215 per year.
Solving our equation:
A = 76.43(1 + (0.215 × 3)) = 125.72735
A = $125.73
The total amount accrued, principal plus interest, from simple interest on a principal of $76.43 at a rate of 21.5% per year for 3 years is $125.73.
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The area of a rectangle is found using the formula A=lw, where l is the length of the rectangle and w is the width. Multiply each pair of factors and express the area of each rectangle as a single polynomial in terms of x.
l=x+14; w=3x+1
Answer:
A(x) = 3x² + 43x + 14
Step-by-step explanation:
Area of a rectangle = length × width
length = x + 14
width = 3x + 1
Area of a rectangle = length × width
= (x + 14)(3x + 1)
= 3x² + x + 42x + 14
= 3x² + 43x + 14
express the area of each rectangle as a single polynomial in terms of x.
A(x) = 3x² + 43x + 14
If a volume of an object varies directly with its height and if the volume is 24 while the height is 3 what is k
Answer:
8
Step-by-step explanation:
the formula for direct variation =
Y ∝ kX
such that
Y = kX
from the question we have here
Y = Volume = 24
x = height = 3
when we put this in the formula above in bold
24 ∝ 3k
24 = 3k
from here we have to find the value of k. to do this, we divide through by 3
24/3 = 3k/3
8 = k
therefore the value of k is 8
Suppose the monthly cost for the manufacture of golf balls is C(x) = 3390 + 0.48x, where x is the number of golf balls produced each month. a. What is the slope of the graph of the total cost function? b. What is the marginal cost (rate of change of the cost function) for the product? c. What is the cost of each additional ball that is produced in a month? CE a. What is the slope of the graph of the total cost function? b. What is the marginal cost (rate of change of the cost function) for the product? c. What is the cost of each additional ball that is produced in a month?
The slope of the graph of the total cost function represents the rate of change of the total cost with respect to the number of golf balls produced each month, the total cost function is given by C(x) = 3390 + 0.48x.
How to explain the informationThe coefficient of x in the equation represents the slope of the graph. Therefore, the slope of the total cost function is 0.48.
In this case, the marginal cost is equal to the derivative of the cost function with respect to x. Taking the derivative of C(x) = 3390 + 0.48x with respect to x, we get:
C'(x) = 0.48
Therefore, the marginal cost for the product is 0.48.
The cost of each additional ball that is produced in a month is equal to the marginal cost. From the previous calculation, we determined that the marginal cost is 0.48. Therefore, the cost of each additional ball produced in a month is $0.48.
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Determine is an outlier is present in the given data set: 43, 69, 78, 88, 54, 73,
54, 59,70
Answer:
43
Step-by-step explanation:
43 is the most the lowest number while the others are around the same range
Hope this helps! Pls mark brainliest!
Best Buy decreased the cost of a Sony flat screen monitor from $525 to $430. What is the percent
of decrease?
What does it mean if your inference is valid
In logic, an inference is a process of deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true. The term derives from the Latin term, which means "bring in." An inference is said to be valid if it's based upon sound evidence and the conclusion follows logically from the premises.
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The following data gives an approximation to the integral M = S'f(x) dx = = 2.0282. Assume M = N, (h) + kyhº + k_h4 + ..., N, (h) = 2.2341, N, then N2(h) = 1.95956 0.95957 This option This option 2.23405 2.01333 This option O This option Romberg integration for approximating "', (x) dx gives R21 = 2 and R22 = 2.55 then R41 = 5.16 0.35 This option This option 4.53 2.15 O This option This option When approximating Sof(x)dx using Romberg integration, R4,4 gives an approximation of order: h10 h8 h4 h6
The value of N₂(h) for the given approximation is 1.95956. Richardson extrapolation allows us to estimate the integral with higher accuracy by combining two approximations with different step sizes. So, the correct answer is option a.
To approximate the integral [tex]M=\int\limits^1_0 {f(x)} \, dx[/tex] using the given data, we can use Richardson extrapolation.
Let N₁(h) be the approximation with step size h, and N₁(h/2) be the approximation with step size h/2.
We can express the error in terms of a power series as M = N₁(h) + k₂h² + k₄h⁴ + ...
Using Richardson extrapolation, we can eliminate the term with the highest power of h by taking a weighted sum of the two approximations:
[tex]N_2(h) = \frac{4N_1(\frac{h}{2}-N_1(h) )}{3}[/tex]
Substituting the given values N₁(h) = 2.2341 and N₁(h/2) = 2.0282:
[tex]N_2(h)=\frac{4(2.0282) - 2.2341}{3}[/tex]
N₂(h) = 1.95956
Therefore, the value of N₂(h) is approximately 1.95956. The correct answer is option a. 1.95956.
The question should be:
The following data gives an approximation to the integral[tex]M=\int\limits^1_0 {f(x)} \, dx[/tex] N₁(h) = 2.2341, N₁(h/2) = 2.0282. Assume M = N₁(h) + k₂h² + k₄h⁴ + ..., then N₂(h) = ?
a. 1.95956
b. 0.95957
c. 2.23405
d. 2.01333
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